Post-transcriptional regulation of prokaryotes is of pivotal importance to the quality control and stability main -tenance of multiple proteins .The ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins-mediated modifications have widely participated in the manipulation of cell cycle control , subcellular localization and cellular metabolisms .Typical ubiquitin like proteins (UBLs) are ubiquitin,SUMO,Nedd8 and FAT10.Recently, the dynamic regulation mechanisms between sumoylation and de-sumoylation have become the cutting edge in the era of ubiquitin-like modifications.In this review, we briefly summa-rized the entire SUMO-mediated modification systems and the intricate balance regulation .We also discussed the counter acting star molecule SENP1 and its relationship with tumor initiation and progression ,immunological regulation and develop-mental homeostasis .

Regulatory T (Treg) cells exert significant influence on the control of autoimmunity and maintenance of homeostasis,while the progressive roles of Treg cells in solid tumor and hematological malignance have also attracted much attention recently.Except for the specific expression of transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3),natural Treg (nTreg) cells have Treg-specific hypomethylation pattern in a limited number of key genes,which is indispensable for stable Treg cells and functional nTreg cells to define the T-cell subpopulation possessing Treg-type epigenome more accurately.The expression of Foxp3 and Treg-specific hypomethylation phenotype have close relationship with the epigenetic regulation,which involves DNA methylation,histone methylation,acetylation,microRNA,etc.This review summarizes the different mechanisms of epigenetic regulation according to the two important features of Treg cells.

To provide an effective approach to select, develop, interpret and apply well-designed quality indicators. Then to promote the continual improvement of laboratory quality and to assure patient safety. We focused on the quality cycle of selecting, development, implementation and processing for quality indicators. And some examples for essential activities in the development and use of quality indicators were shown. Through the presentation of process and examples, we put forward an organized approach that provides the laboratory with a plan to structure its development of quality indicators to gather useful information. Quality indicators are important. However, they should be integrated with internal review plan, External Quality Assessment (EQA) and the process of activities in plan. Only then can we really promote the continual improvement of quality.

The single colonel composition of pituitary adenomas of human attests to the molecular basis of pituitary tumorigenesis. This review offers a specific overview of the involvement of alternation of tumor oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in the pathogenesis of human pituitary adenomas. Mutations of gsp and H ras oncogenes genes and amplification of PKC have been identified in pituitary adenomas. Especially the mutation of gsp has been detected in 40% human GH secreting pituitary adenomas. The role of TSGs(tumor suppressor genes) including MEN 1, p53, Rb and p16 in pituitary adenoma formation and progression has yet be observed. Providing evidence proves that activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes seem to be at least one mechanism by which human pituitary adenomas origin and progress.

Quantitative immunoassay technique is the common method of quantitative detection in clinical laboratory. Several important branches of quantitative immunoassay were formed by changing the tracer or the Antigen-antibody complex separation method, including radioimmunoassay, fluorescent immunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, chemiluminescence, colloidal gold, immuno-turbidimetric analysis and homogeneous immunoassay. Different immunoassay techniques have their own characteristics, also apply to different detecting conditions in clinic. This paper reviewed several common kinds of quantitative immunoassay technology, and discussed both their advantages and disadvantages, which provide reference for the application and development of clinical testing technology.

?AIM:To explore the efficacy and safety of operation in treating secondary glaucoma caused by contusion hyphema.?METHODS: Seventy patients (70 eyes) with secondary glaucoma caused by contusion of anterior chamber in our hospital from November 2014 to November 2015 were selected.All patients were treated by operation.Visual acuity, anterior chamber depth, mean intraocular pressure and postoperative complications of patients before and after operation were compared.?RESULTS:Patients with secondary glaucoma caused by contusion of anterior chamber had better visual acuity after operation and the difference was statistically significant (t=42.471, P<0.001).And they had deeper anterior chamber depth and lower mean intraocular pressure, and the differences were statistically significant (t=9.726, 26.041; P<0.001).Two of those patients had emergence of hyphema after operation and symptomatic relieved after treatment. None of the patients had complications such as blood-staining of cornea or eye pain.? CONCLUSION: The curative effect of operation in treating secondary glaucoma caused by contusion of anterior chamber is good and safe and it can improve visual acuity, deepen the anterior chamber angle depth and reduce the intraocular pressure.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl on analgesic effects and hemodynamics of orthopedics patients after surgery.METHODS:A total of 80 patients undergoing orthopedics surgery were randomly divided into observation group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases).Observation group was given patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) of Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection+Fentanyl citrate injection,maintaining analgesia for 48 h.Control group was given PCA of Fentanyl citrate injection,maintaining analgesia for 48 h.The MAP,SpO2,HR,VAS and the occurrence of ADR were observed in 2 groups from the application of multi-function monitor to connecting to PCA (T0),12 h after connecting (T1) and 48 h after connecting (T2).RESULTS:At T0,there was no statistical significance in VAS score between 2 groups (P＞0.05).VAS scores of 2 groups at T1-2 were significantly higher than at T0.Those of 2 groups at T1 were significantly higher than at T2;but the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in MAP,SpO2 or HR between 2 groups at different time points (P＞0.05).The incidence of respiratory depression,sharp pain,nausea and vomiting,hypotension in observation group were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl show significant analgesic effect after orthopedics surgery,and have no effect on hemodynamics with good safety.

The theory of Medical Immunology is independent,which includes a lot of new knowledge.Optimizing resource of medical immunology,recombinating knowledge structure,building knowledge framework and leading in PBL(Problem Based Learning) teaching method help to arouse students’studying interest and elevate teaching effect.

Objective To investigate whether Berberine can inhibit the invasion of Streptococcus pueum oniae ( S.pn) to A549 cells in vitro. Methods A549 cells were pretreated with the different concentrations of Berberine and incubated together with S.pn. A549 cells were lysed with 0.025%Triton X-100.Diluted lysate was streaked on TSAB plate and incubated overnight. The colonies on the plate were counted. Results The counts on the plates were 52 ± 21,29 ± 11,13 ± 10,0,0 per well when the concentration of Berberine was 0,25,50,100,200μg/mL, respectively. No invasion was observed when the concentration of Berberine was 100 μg/mL. Conclusion Berberine can inhibit the invasion of S.pn to A549 cells in dose-dependent maner in vitro.

The root canal system of mandibular second molar is complex.This article presents one case with type 1-2 mesial root canal of mandibular second molar.The canal was treated by warm gutta percha,and conformed by X-ray examination and dental operating microscopy.