Objective To evaluate the difference in efficacy and safety between ~(131)Ⅰand antithyroid drugs (ATD)in the treatment of Graves'disease in children and adolescents.Methods MEDLINE(1966-2005), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(Cochrane Library Issue 2,2006),EMBASE(1984-2004), CBMDISK(1978-2005)and CNKI(1994-2006)were searched by computer.Isotopes(1989-2004),Radiologia Pratica(1986-2005),Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism(1985-2004),and Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America(1988-2001)were manually searched.Trials comparatively analyzed ~(131)Ⅰand antithyroid drugs on the treatment of Graves'disease in children and adolescents were included.The quality of the study methodologies such as randomization,blinding and allocation concealment was evaluated and meta-analysis was performed by Revman 4.2 software.Results Five non-randomized controlled trials involving 538 patients were included.Among these trials one was prospective and the rest were all retrospective.~(131)Ⅰwas more effective in increasing the complete remission and decreasing the rate of recurrence as compared with ATD,but the rate of hypothyroidism was significantly increased after ~(131)Ⅰtreatment.Conclusion Based on the five studies,the evidence suggests that ~(131)Ⅰtherapy is effective and safe for children and adolescents,and the total curative effects in Graves'disease are superior to ATD.However great shortage of randomized controlled trial(RCT),and problems concerning randomization,blind method,follow-up and statistic analysis still exist in clinical controlled trials, hence more RCT with high quality should be conducted.

Objective To perform literature search and review on the controversial relationship between therapies of hyperthyroidism due to Graves'disease(GD)and the course of Graves'ophthalmopathy(CA)).Methods We searched the database of MEDLINE(1966-2006.3),EMBASE(1984-2005),Cochrane Library(2006 No.1),CBMdisc(1978.1-2006.4)and CNKI(1994-2006).The methodological quality of the studies selected for review was assessed according to the quality assessment criteria suggested by the Cochrane systematic review guideline.Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 4.2 software.Results Eight studies were included in the systematic review.Meta-analysis showed that there was statistically significant difference between 131I and other forms of therapy[surgery or antithyroid drugs(ATD)](test value:2.31,5.97,3.70,5.55;all P＜0.05)in aggravation of exophthalmos and symptom improvement in patients without receiving thyroxine during the early stage to prevent hypothyroidism.However,there was no statisti cally significant differenee in the above relationship between surgery and ATD therapy in those patients already receiving thyroxine supplement(test value:0.27,0.99;all P＞0.05).There were not yet any studies on the impact between early prevention of hypothyroidism after 131I therapy and GO.Conclusions Based on meta-analysis on literature data,if early measures are not performed to prevent hypothyroidism after 131I therapy,it may induce or aggravate GO more frequently than ATD or surgical treatment.Symptomatic relief of GO after 131I therapy is also less effective than the other 2 forms of therapy.Therefore.131I therapy should be delivered carefully in those patients with GO.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of serum thyroglobulin autoantibody(TGAb) in thyroglobulin(TG)-negative and TGAb-positive patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)after thyroid ablation and ascertain the optimal operating point(OOP)of TGAb.Methods A total of 169 patients with histologically confirmed DTC and thyroid remnant ablation showed TG-negative and TGAb-positive results which were assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA).The cases were divided into group A(59 cases)and group B(110 cases)with or without evidence of recurrence or metastasis,respectively.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and positive likelihood ratio of different threshold values were analysed according to their serum TGAb level.Results Serum TGAb level(1368?1343)IU/ml in group A was significantly higher than that(154?539)IU/ml in group B(P1000 IU/ml was 1.12 times that of 204 IU/ml≤TGAb≤1000 IU/ml,4.03 times that of 100 IU/ml≤TGAb

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of thyroglobulin(Tg)mRNA in peripheral blood samples of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)after remnant ablation.Methods Tg mRNA Was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)in peripheral blood of 162 patients.SPSS 13.0 was used for date analysis.Results The Tg mRNA assay had higher sensitivity than the conventional serum Tg measurement[86.61%(97/112)vs 53.57%(60/112),X2=29.153,P＜0.001]which Was the"gold standard"for the identification of recurrence or metastases.In the anti-Tg antibodies(TgAb)positive DTC patients,the sensitivity of Tg mRNA was higher than that of serum Tg[86.54%(45/52)vs 0]in identifying recurrent or metastatic thyroid disease(X2=79.322,P＜0.001).There was a significantly positive correlation between Tg mRNA expression and the clinical stages(Kendall correlation coefficient=0.515,P＜0.001).There was no difference of Tg mRNA expression in peripheral blood among ages,sex,pathological types and location of metastases,respectively(Kendall correlation coefficient=0.020,0.069,0.050 and 0.028;all P＞0.05).Conclusions Circulating Tg mRNA is a more sensitive marker than serum Tg in identifying recurrent or metastatic DTC,particulady in patients during levo-thyroxine(l-T4)therapy and with TgAb-positive.The DTC patients who have positive expression of Tg mRNA indicates poor prognosis.

AIM: To observe the effect of diammonii glycyrrhizinatis (DG) on collagen synthesis induced by angioplasty in rabbits. METHODS: The right common carotid artery of male rabbits were injured with 3.5F balloon catheter. Four weeks after operation, arterial tissure collagen content, serum procollagen type I(PCI)， procollagen type Ⅲ(PCⅢ) concentration, neointimal thickness and the rate of stenosis were measured.RESULTS: Arterial tissue collagen content, serum PCI, PCⅢ concentration, neointimal thickness and the rate of stenosis of low and high dose DG group is lower than those of injured group.CONCLUSION: DG could inhibit collagen synthesis and neointimal proliferation of rabbits carotid artery induced by angioplasty. It suggests that DG might have clinical potential prespective in prevention and therapy of restenosis.

AIM: To observe the effect of diammonii glycyrrhizinatis (DG) on collagen synthesis induced by angioplasty in rabbits. METHODS: The right common carotid artery of male rabbits were injured with 3.5F balloon catheter. Four weeks after operation, arterial tissure collagen content, serum procollagen type I(PCI), procollagen type Ⅲ(PCⅢ) concentration, neointimal thickness and the rate of stenosis were measured.RESULTS: Arterial tissue collagen content, serum PCI, PCⅢ concentration, neointimal thickness and the rate of stenosis of low and high dose DG group is lower than those of injured group.CONCLUSION: DG could inhibit collagen synthesis and neointimal proliferation of rabbits carotid artery induced by angioplasty. It suggests that DG might have clinical potential prespective in prevention and therapy of restenosis.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Qindan granules. METHODS: The constituents including Radix Scutellariae, Radix Astragali, Cortex Moutan and Fructus Gardeniae in Qindan granules were identified respectively by TLC. RESULTS: The test samples and their respective reference substances were alike in that the same color chromatographic spots were noted at the corresponding places. The color spectra of the samples were clear yet without interference of surrounding impurity. CONCLUSION: The established method has high specificity and can be used for the quality control of Qindan granule.

BACKGROUND: The content of aluminium generally increases in the cerebral cells of patients with senile dementia. Aluminium poisoning in brain has inner link with senile dementia. Naloxone is the specific antagonist of opioid receptor, which can be applied in the treatment of senile dementia according to foreign reports.OBJECTIVE: To investigate protective effects of naloxone on aluminium trichloride-induced memory impairment of senescence-accelerated mice and its mechanism.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in Laboratory of Pharmacology of Jilin Medical College (formerly the Jilin Military Medical College) from February 2001 to February 2003. A total of 100 healthy adult Kunming mice were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, model group, naloxone 0.1 mg/kg group, naloxone 0.3 mg/kg group and naloxone 0.9 mg/kg group, with 20 in each group. Except the control group, subcutaneous injection with 70 mg/kg aluminium trichloride was given to the mouse in each group once a day for continuous 7 days; besides this, intraperitoneal injection with 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 mg/kg naloxone was given to the mouse in naloxone groups and the same amount of physiological saline was given to the mouse in the control group.METHODS: The methods of jumping stand and escaping dark were conducted to detect learning ability and memory of mice. Meanwhile, the content of malondialdhehyde in liver and mono-amine oxidase B in brain of mice were also detect.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of jumping stand experiment of aluminium trichloride-induced model of senescence. ② Results of escaping dark experiment of aluminium trichloride-induced model of senescence. ③ Comparison of malondialdhehyde and mono-amine oxidase B among each group.RESULTS: ① Results of jumping stand experiment of aluminium trichloride-induced model of senescence: Compared withmodel group, the frequency of electric shocks suffered by aluminium trichloride mice and the amount of suffered animals within 5 minutes significantly decreased in control group and naloxone 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 mg/kg groups. The experiment was repeated 24 hours later, naloxone could significantly prolong the latency of the mouse jumping down from the platform for the first time (P ＜ 0.01).Meanwhile, naloxone could decrease the amount and the frequency of mist&es of aluminium trichloride mouse within 3 minutes (P ＜ 0.01). ② Results of escaping dark experiment of aluminium trichloride-induced model of senescence: Compared with model group, the latency of aluminium trichloride mouse entering dark box was significantly prolonged and the frequency of electric shocks suffered by aluminium trichloride mice obviously increased in control group and naloxone 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 mg/kg groups (P＜0.01). ③ Comparison of malondialdhehyde and mono-amine oxidase B among each group: Malondialdhehyde was more in model group than in naloxone groups (P＜0.01). Mono-amine oxidase B was more in model group than in the other groups (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Naloxone has protective effects on aluminium trichlorideinduced memory impairment of senescence-accelerated mice, which can improve learning ability and memory. The mechanism is probably relevant to the effects of decrease of mono-amine oxidase B and elimination of lipid peroxide.

Purpose To discuss the clinical,histopathological characteristics,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and prognosis of malignant intraductal papillary lesions of the breast.Methods 28 cases of malignant intraductal papillary lesions of the breast were analyzed by histology and immunobistochemistry.Clinical and follow-up information was obtained.The published relevant literatures were reviewed.Results All the patients were females with a mean age of 55.7 years.The clinical features were a palpable mass or nipple discharge.28 cases were diagnosed including 22 cases of intraductal papaillary carcinoma,2 cases of encapsulated papillary carcinoma and 4 cases of solid papillary carcinoma.Microscopically,the tumor showed solid and papillary area inside the capsule wall with fine delicate fibrovascular septa.The tumor cells usually displayed low-grade nuclear features.Immunohistochemistry,the tumor cells revealed diffusely strong positive ER and PR in almost all cases and HER-2,CK5/6 were negative positive.All cases were negatiive for CK5/6,p63 and SMA in the celluar nodules.CD56,Syn and CgA were found positively in some solid papillary carcinoma cases.The average positive rate of Ki-67 in tumor cells was 5.3 ％.27 patients were available for follow-up examination from 10 to 79 months and all the patients were alive.Conclusion Malignant intraductal papillary lesions of the breast most occurs in postmenopausal women.The diagnosis should be based on the clinical information,histopathological features and immunohistoehemistry stain due to its diverse histology.The main differential diagnosis is intraductal papilloma.This kind of lesion is a low grade malignant tumor with favorable prognosis.

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of the four DNA extraction methods according to the endophytic diversity in the roots, stems, and leaves of mulberry analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) , and by taking the yield, purity and PCR amplification as indexes. Methods Four common methods, i.e., cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide ( CTAB) , sterile phosphate buffered saline (SPBS) vibration, liquid nitrogen grinding (LNG) , and KIT methods, were used to extract the total DNA from different tissues of mulberry, and then were compared based on the diversity analysis results for endophyte by PCR-DGGE. Results From the roots and stems of mulberry, we got the highest concentration of DNA by LNG extraction method, and got the lowest concentration by SPBS extraction method. But for the leaves of mulberry, the results of the four extraction methods were completely opposite to those for the roots and stems. For different tissues of mulberry, the purity of DNA extracted by KIT method was the best. According to the endophytic bacteria diversity analyzed by 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE, the appropriate method for extraction of DNA was LNG or CTAB, but was not KIT. And according to the results of endophytic fungi diversity analyzed by ITS PCR-DGGE, the best extraction method was KIT, and the unsuited methods varied from the tissues of mulberry. Conclusion The optimum DNA extraction method for mulberry varies from the tissues of mulberry and endophtic bacteria.