Quality assurance(QA) and Quality Control(QC) of MRI has become very realistic and imperative,which can ensure safety and availability of MRI and improve diagnosis quality.From the practice of the daily grind of MR,the connotation and main content of MR QA and QC are discussed.It is illuminated that MR QA and QC not only should be standardized and systemized,but also needs leaders' recognition and everyone's participation.The responsibility of medical engineers includes emergency maintenance,preventive maintenance,optimization of sequences and parameters,development and application of new techniques Clinical engineers play an irreplaceable and important role in the whole process of MR QA/QC.

The effect and value that are assurance of standard operation in quality control and administration of digital im- ages were discussed. The putting forward concept and aim of standard operation were classified into four grades: best, good, checkout and below standard according to evaluating factors and conditions of standard operation. In order to guarantee the implementation of quality control, medical staff should renew ideas and enhance the consciousness of quality control. The standard operation can be guided and supervised by the director in machine and the system of rewards and penalties can be established. The standard operation has important significance and values, which carry out quality control and quality ad- ministration in medical imaging effectively.

Objective To evaluate the effect of breast-feeding on newborns' pain caused by heel prick. Methods A convenient sample of sixty newborns from a hospital in Beijing undergoing heel prick for the Newborn Screening Program Blood Test were enrolled. They were randomly divided into breast-feeding group and control group. The newborns in the breast-feeding group began to receive breast-feeding at two minutes before the heel prick until 8 minutes after the heel prick finished. The newborns' grimace,cry,heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SaO_2) were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results There were significant differences on the starting time and lasting time of grimace and cry caused by pain,numbers of crying neonates,SaO_2 during and 1 to 4 minutes after heel stick,as well as the recovery time of SaO_2 after heel stick between the two groups (P＜0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Breast-feeding can relieve newborns' pain caused by heel prick.

〔Abstract〕 By literature investigation , the paper describes the current research status of the relevance between the international co -author mode and paper citation , including characteristics of current researches on the analysis level , subject and method , etc.In combi-nation with the current research status and requirements of scientific research evaluation , it provides suggestions for the conduction of re-search activities in this field .

A model for measuring the impact of Chinese papers published by hospitals in China was established, followed by an analysis of the contribution of the total citations, the number of fund-supported papers, the number of papers published in core journals, the number of papers published in core journals of Chinese Medical Associa-tion to the impact of papers, which showed that these parameters could effectively measure the impact of Chinese papers published by class A hospitals in China.

Objective: To investigate the role of clinical pharmacist in anticoagulant therapy.Methods: Clinical pharmacist participated in the anticoagulant treatment adjustment for one patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs.Clinical pharmacist assessed the risk factors of DVT and the bleeding risk of anticoagulant therapy, provided suggestions in case of over-anticoagulation with warfarin, and offered medication education to the patient with unsatisfactory compliance.Results: Physician adopted the suggestions of clinical pharmacist, INR was within the rational range, and the patient was discharged with stable condition.Conclusion: The participation of clinical pharmacist in the anticoagulation with warfarin can reduce the risks of drug use and promote the efficacy and safety of medication effectively.

Objective To test the key indexes of full-field digital mammography to keep it in good condition.Methods The testing was carried out based on clinical experiences and GBZ 186—2007 Mammography Quality Control Testing Specification.Results The testing items and indexes were proposed to facilitate the staff to check and operate the machine.Conclusion Clinical safety of full-field digital mammography and image quality are both enhanced greatly.

To design a case-based discussion pedagogy in physiology teaching so as to help students understanding basic medicine combined with clinical medicine. First of all, a teacher should find a typical case with intention. Furthermore, under the guidance of the teacher, students are encouraged to discuss the case and to answer the questions on the basis of the physiological knowledge that they have learned. Finally, the teacher should pay attention to collecting the feedback from students for the improvement of teaching level.

s Objective To explore the value of B mode ultrasound in the detection of amniotic fluid(AF) for fetus of 41～ 46 +6 gestation weeks.Methods B mode ultrasound was performed to monitor AF in 232 fetus of 41～46 +6 gestation weeks compared with that in 296 fetus of 37～40 +6 gestation weeks. Results There were significant differences in amniotic fluid index(AFI), amniotic fluid muddy(AFM) and cavity fetal distress(CFD) between the two groups (P

Objective To estimate the arterial-to-end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference (Pa-ET CO 2 )in children with cyanotic or acyanotic congenital heart diseases;evaluate whether hyper-ventilation can reduce the tension difference or not;analyze the effect of sevofleurane on Pa-ET CO 2 . Methods One hundred and twenty patients (male 60 cases,female 60 cases,aged 1 month-6 years, ASA class Ⅱ or Ⅲ)undergoing selective cardiac surgery were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =20 each)based on right-to-left or left-to-right intracardic shunts:group A1,cyanotic with sevoflurane of 0.5 MAC;group A2,cyanotic with sevoflurane of 1.0 MAC;group B1,acyanotic with sevoflurane of 0.5 MAC;group B2,acyanotic with sevoflurane of 1.0 MAC;group C1,cyanotic with no inter-vention factors;group C2,acyanotic with no intervention factors.All the children received general an-aesthesia after placing an intravenous and arterial catheter.The value of PET CO 2 ,SpO 2 ,PaCO 2 , SaO 2 ,Hct and temperature(nasopharyngeal temperature and rectal temperature)were obtained before operation,after hyperventilation(the control groups without hyperventilation)and five minutes before surture sternum.Results The values of Pa-ET CO 2 were more than the normal one in six groups before operation.The value of Pa-ET CO 2 in group B1 was less than that in group A1,that in group B2 was less than that in group A2 and that in group C2 was less than that in group C1 before operation (P <0.01).Compared with the time point before operation,the values of Pa-ET CO 2 in groups A1,A2,B1 and B2 decreased significantly after hyperventilation (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ).Moreover, this reduction was more significant in groups B1 and B2.Compared with the time point before operation, the values of Pa-ET CO 2 in groups B1,B2,C2 increased significantly (P <0.01)and that in groups A1, A2,C1 decreased significantly (P <0.05)at 5 minutes before surture sternum.There was no statisti-cal difference at three different time points between group A1 and A2,B1 and B2.Conclusion The value of Pa-ET CO 2 in cyanotic children increased more significantly than that in acyanotic children.Hy-perventilation can reduce the value of Pa-ET CO 2 especially in acynanotic children with pulmonary con-gestion.The concentration (from 0.5 MAC to 1.0 MAC)of sevoflurane had little effect on the value of Pa-ET CO 2 .