Hypoxia- inducible factor-1 ( HIF-1) promotes tumor deterioration, invasion and metasta-sis. Treatment targeting the HIF-1 signal pathway is becoming a hot research. In addition to uniquely selective inhibition of topoisomerase Ⅰ(Topo Ⅰ) ,the recent studies show that camptothecin compounds can regulate the activity of HIF-1 through decreasing HIF-1 protein translation and have been classified as a non-selective chemical inhibitor of HIF-1.

Sphingosine analogue FTY720 exerts good immune suppressive effect by inducing lymphocytes apoptosis and homing, which can be used for organ transplant rejection as well as anti-autoimmune disease treatment. Recent studies have found that FTY720 plays anti-tumor potential by inducing growth arrest and apoptosis as well as inhibiting tumor metastasis.

[Objective] Sorting and summing up Professor ZHANG 's clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of atlanto-axial joint subluxation, to develop the thought of clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. [Methods]Via studying with professor ZHANG, and collectting some cases,consulting the related literature and data.Finally, discuss and summarize it. [Results] Diagnosis found and appliedFour tenderness(Below the foramen magnum, trapezius muscle and at the junction of the skull,fengchi point,wangu point).Method combined with primary symptom and signs, X-ray. Treatment, application of error correction manipulation, light effect;And with local acupuncture point injection, menstruation invigorates the circulation of reinforcement. [Conclusion] Professor ZHANG's method of diagnosis and treatment of atlanto-axial joint subluxation is unique,clear, simple, has obvious curative effect, worth clinical application and promotion.

AIM:To establish a method for determining notoginsenoside R_1,ginsenoside Rg_1 and ginsenoside Rb_1 in Jingkang Capsules(Radix Rehmanniae praeparata,Radix Polygoni multiflori,Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng,etc.). METHODS: A Diamonsil C_(18) column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase was used for gradient elution,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the UV detection wavelength was at 203 mn. RESULTS: There was a good linear relationship at a range of 0.327-2.180 ?g for notoginsenoside R_1(r=(0.999 4))(the average recovery was 98.23% with RSD of 1.53%(n=6)),0.909-6.060 ?g for ginsenoside Rg_1(r=1.0)(the average recovery was 99.04% with RSD of 1.00%(n=6)),0.672-4.480 ?g for ginsenoside Rb_1(r=0.999 8)(the average recovery was 98.17% with RSD of 1.31%(n=6)).CONCLUSION: The method is simple,quick and accurate.It can be used for the quality control of Jingkang Capsules.

Radiotherapy has become one of the most important treatments for cervical carcinoma. In recent years,because of the organ motion,anatomical changes and setup errors et cetera,the accurate external beam radiotherapy( EBRT)may regard to the difference between the actual dose delivery and the pre-treatment plan,which not only causes target less,but also brings additional doses to the organs at risk( OAR). By using of image guidance and individual modelling,adaptive radiotherapy( ART)can analyze the parameters of target position,volume and dose and adjust optimized plans for the follow-up treatment based on aforesaid feedbacks and enable the enhancement of the local control rate while reducing the incidence of the side reaction.

Purpose To investigate the comparison of miR-106a in fresh and paraffin-embedded tissues and its expression in precan-cerous 1esions of gastric cancer. Methods Human gastric cancer tissues inc1uding 30 coup1es of fresh and 40 coup1es of paraffin-em-bedded samp1es were co11ected,quantitative rea1-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-106a in these two samp1es. Anoth-er paraffin-embedded samp1es inc1uding 20 cases of precancerous 1esions and 40 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were a1so co11ected,in situ hybridization was used to assess the expression of miR-106a in these stages. Results The re1ative expression of miR-106a in fresh tissues was 3. 25 ± 1. 99,in paraffin-embedded tissues was 3. 18 ± 2. 14,indicating that the expression of miR-106a in these two sam-p1es has no statistica1 difference(P>0. 05),corre1ation ana1ysis showed that there was a significant corre1ation of miR-106a expression in these two samp1es(rs =0. 998,P<0. 001). The expression of miR-106a was detected in the stage of precancerous 1esions with the positive rate was 70%. The positive signa1s were 1ocated in dysp1astic epithe1ia1 ce11s and appeared as dark b1ue fine granu1es. The positive rate of miR-106a in gastric cancer tissues was 87. 5% and the frequency and extent increased and enhanced compared with pre-cancerous 1esions. Conclusion miR-106a has significant corre1ation in gastric cancer fresh tissues and paraffin-embedded tissues. Detection of miR-106a with paraffin tissues and its ear1y changes in prema1ignant 1esions can provide va1uab1e information for the ear1y diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To evaluate the value of (1 ,3)‐β‐D‐glucan(G test) in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary fungal infection (IPFI)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .Methods 96 COPD patients with high risk of IPFI were en‐rolled in the study ,and were divided into IPFI group and non‐IPFI group .The G test were performed on those people while the tra‐ditional methods sputum smear and fungal culture were also performed .The (1 ,3)‐β‐D‐glucan concentrations of IPFI group and non‐IPFI group were compared ,and then the areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were calculated .The sensi‐tivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value ,and the area under ROC of the two methods (G test and tradi‐tional methods) were compared .Results The sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value of G test were 89 .5% ,89 .6% ,68 .0% ,97 .2% ,respectively ,when 20 pg/mL was the critical value .Areas under curve were 0 .942 for G test ,and 0 .790 for traditional method .Conclusion The detection of (1 ,3)‐β‐D‐glucan might be faster and with higher positive rate than traditional method ,and could be used for the early diagnosis of IPFI ,provide reference for the treatment .

BACKGROUND: With the development of technology, poly-L-lactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate composite materials show good characters in the tissue engineering, which can promote osteoblast proliferation, reduce rejection reactions, and improve bone healing in a dose-dependent manner. OBJECTIVE: To test the influence of poly-L-lactic acid with different molecule weights on the structure and function of poly-L-lactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate composite scaffolds. METHODS: Poly-L-lactic acid with molecule weights of 200 000 and 380 000 were combined with β-tricalcium phosphate to produce composite scaffolds by using freeze-drying method. Porosity and pore size of the samples were measured. The fetal rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured and expanded in vitro. They were harvested and seeded into the prepared poly-L-lactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. The 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and alkaline phosphatase were examined for comparison between normal cultured BMSCs and those cultured on the different poly-L-lactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Images of scanning electron microscope showed that the cells adhered to the scaffolds greatly. The value of MTT and alkaline phosphatase showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). The molecule weight of poly-L-lactic acid has no influence on the biological function of composite materials.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features,early diagnosis and therapeutic methods of primary tumor of the duodenum.MethodsThe clinical data of 130 patients of primary tumor of the duodenum who were hospitalized in Peaking University Third Hospital from 1974 to 2010 were summarized.There were 30 cases of benign tumors and 100 cases of malignancy. ResultsMore than 90％ of primary tumors of the duodenum were located at the duodenal bulb and descendent part.59％ of malignant tumors were located in the area of duodenal papilla. The mean diameter of benign tumors was less than 2 cm compared with more than 3 cm in malignancies. Upper abdominal pain,jaundice,black stool,intestinal obstruction and abdominal mass were among the most common clinical manifestations. Jaudice was most common in papilla tumors,and intestinal obstruction and palpable abdominal mass often indicate advanced stage.Duodenofiberscopy combined with air barium double contrast radiography increase the diagnosis rate.Among the 30 benign cases,11 cases underwent simple tumor resection,14 cases received endoscopic tumor resection and 3 cases underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy.Resection rate and the 5-year survival rate was 100％. Of the 100 malignant cases,56 cases underwent standard pancreaticoduodenectomy,3 cases received pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy,9 cases underwent simple tumor resection and 12 cases received segmental duodenectomy.Resection rate was 84％.The 5-year survival rate was 46％ in 59 cases receiving Whipple's procedure.ConclusionsPrimary tumor of the duodenum lacks specific clinical features. Simple tumor resection and segmental duodenectomy can be done for benign cases, while pancreaticoduodenectomy is the therapy of choice for malignant cases.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important biological process in embryonic development and tumori-genesis. In this process, epithelial tumor cells can obtain mesenchymal phenotypes and promote tumor invasion and metastasis. EMT is controlled by multiple transcription factors, signal pathways, and microRNAs. EMT and cancer stem cells are closely related. EMT also promotes the self-renewal ability of tumor cells and the overexpression of EMT-related markers in tumor cells with stemness. Some mi-croRNAs can control EMT process and stemness. In this study, recent developments on EMT and cancer stem cells in tumor metastasis were summarized to provide new insights into target therapy of tumor metastasis and recurrence.