Alzheimer′s disease ( AD) , is a neurodegenerative disorder of the brain that is characterized by loss of memory and cognitive decline.At present, AD etiology remains unclear and there are no effective prevention and treatment measures in clinical practice.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ( PPARγ) is a ligand-regulated nuclear hormone receptor.Recent studies showed PPARγ-pathway played an important role in the pathogenesis of AD and some PPARγagonists have been proven to be neuroprotective in vitro and in vivo models.This paper reviews the roles of PPARγand related mechanisms in AD, summarizes affecting factors about PPARγpathway.Particularly, the effect of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside ( Cy3G) , one of the anthocyanidin glycoside forms, is a compound of naturally occurring phenolic compounds, suggesting the neuroprotective effect of Cy3G might be used as a potential natural PPARγagonist in the nervous system.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; blood ; complications ; diagnosis ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Child ; Cough ; complications ; Fatal Outcome ; Fever ; complications ; HIV-1 ; immunology ; Humans ; Male

Objective To investigate the causes for death in rats after spinal cord injury.Methods A total of 120 adult Wister rats were selected for the study. The animal model with acute spinal injury at T10 was established by using Allen' s combat (25 g · cm). The dissection analysis was performed in death rats. Results Of all, 25 patients died, with mortality rate of 21%. Of death rats, five rats were died before awakening, with no abnormal anatomy; 12 rats died within three days after injury and three died of injuries 3-7days injury. Anatomy found pulmonary bleeding and edema, even hematocele bladder in some rats. There were three rats died within 1-2 weeks, one died of injury only after 2-3 weeks, with lung infection and urinary tract infection. There was no death after three weeks. Conclusions The early causes for death of rats with spinal cord injury is mainly due to lung congestion and pulmonary edema, whereas the leading cause of late death of rats is pulmonary and urinary tract infection.

0.05).Conclusions:There was no difference in terms of both effect and toxicity among the three regimens. All of them were effective and could be well tolerated by advanced colorectal cancer patients.

Objective To explore the clinical nursing of hip developmental dislocation in infants with Ferguson operation.Method The nursing strategy was performed including observation of the surgical incision,skin care,care of cast and instructions to their parents. Result No pressure sores occurred in all the 34 cases of hip developmental dislocation.1 case had delayed allergy reaction because of use of contrast media during operation,1 cast syndrome,and 19 edema of perineum of different degrees including 6 severe edemata,which were cured using wet compress with Adlerika.Conclusion It is of great importance for the reduced incurrence of operation complications and promising operative effect to observe the conditions and treat timely problems in postoperative nursing.

Objective To summarize the experience in pediatric nursing of children with congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis (CIPA) combined with proximal femoral fracture.Methods Two CIPA children with proximal femoral fracture received good treatment of security,plaster casts/braces,body temperature and skin as well as guidance of function exercise and health care education.The nursing experience was summarized.Result After intensive nursing,all patients successfully tided over their perioperative period and discharged.Conclusions The security management,careful observation of skin and body temperature after plaster casts/braces fixation,are of great significance for the decreased complication.Function exercises are equally effective in CIPA children with proximal femoral fracture.

Objective To investigate alterations in epigenetic regulation in B cells in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE).Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from the peripheral venous blood of SCLE patients and healthy donors with density gradient centrifugation.B cells were isolated with CD19 micro beads and protocols provided by the manufacturer.Total RNAs were isolated with RNA kits.The expressions of silence information regulator 1 (Sirt1) mRNA were investigated with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results The levels of Sirt1 mRNA were significantly increased in SCLE B cells relative to healthy controls (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Histone modifications appear abnormal in B cells in SCLE.

Objective:To establish a multidrug resistant human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line.Methods:Human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line ACC-2 was treated by 24-hour-exposure to high dose of Bleomycin(BLM)(20 ?g/ml).Drug sensitivity was evaluated by MTT assay.Cell counting was employed to make the growth curve and to calculate the cell doubling time.Flow cytometry(FCM) was used to study the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis.The colony formation ability was also observed.Results:Multidrug resistant cell line of human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma was established and named ACC-2/BLM.After 10 times repeated exposure to BLM,the resistance index(RI) to BLM,5-Fluorouracil(5-FU),Cisplatin(CDDP),Cyclophosphamide(CTX),Vincristine(VCR) were 7.299,1.03,2.15,1.114 and 5.96 respectively.Compared with ACC-2,the proliferation potential of ACC-2/BLM cells was decreased.The ACC-2 apoptosis cells were much more than ACC-2/BLM cells after 9-day-treatment by BLM at 60 ?g/ml.Conclusion:ACC-2/BLM cell line has multidrug resistant characteristics.

Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is one of nuclear transcription factors.It plays potential anti-inflammation,anti-fibrogenesis,anti-angiogenesis and neuroprotection roles in human.So the study of its physiological and pathological function in human and animals is still a focus.To understand the distribution of PPARγ in ocular tissues is important for the target treatment of eye diseases.Objective Current study was to investigate the expression of PPARγ in different parts of eye in rodent.Methods Cornea,lens,ciliary,retina and optical nerve were isolated from 6 SPF C57BL/6J mice and 1 SD rat.Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of PPARγprotein in cornea,lens and retina.Immunohistochemistry was used to locate the distribution of PPARγ protein in cornea,lens,ciliary,retina and optical nerve.Also,the co-expression of PPARγ with glutamine synthetase (GS) (a Müller cell specific marker) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)(an astrocyte specific marker) in retina and optic nerve was detected by immunofluorescent double staining.Results Western blot assay showed that PPARγ was expressed in the cornea,lens and retina of the mice.Immunohistochemistry revealed that PPARγ mainly located at corneal epithelium with the strongest staining in the basal cells,but only weak staining was seen in corneal endothelial cells and stroma cells.PPARγ was strongly expressed in epithelial cells and shallow cortex layer of mouse lens.In mouse retina,PPARγ was extensively and richly expressed in retinal ganglion cell layer,inner and outer plexiform layers and inner nuclear layer.In addition,PPARγ was also expressed in the non-pigmented epithelial cells in ciliary body.The co-locations of PPARγexpression with GS in retinal tissue and PPARγ expression with GFAP in optical nerve tissue were found in the mice.Conclusions PPARγis proved to distribute extensively in different ocular tissues.These results offer basis for the target treatment of relevant eye diseases.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of total ginsenosides (TG) on monocrotaline (MCT) induced right ventricular hypertrophy rats, and to explore its correlation with calcineurin (CaN) pathway.

METHODSFifty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the MCT model group, and the low, middle, high dose TG treatment groups, 10 in each group. All medication was performed by peritoneal injection for 18 days. Right ventricular peak systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), and right ventricular weight/body weight (RVW/BW) were measured. Intracellular free calcium concentrations were measured by Ca2+ fluorescence indicator Fura2/AM. The atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and CaN mRNA expression of the myocardial tissue were quantitatively analyzed by Real-time PCR. The protein expression of CaN was detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the MCT model group, preventive treatment of TG at the 3 doses could significantly reduce RVSP, RVHI, RVW/BW, and ANF mRNA expression, and decrease Ca2+ concentration in myocardial cells, CaN mRNA and protein expression in the myocardial tissue.

CONCLUSIONTG could obviously improve MCT-induced right ventricular hypertrophy, which was possibly achieved through suppressing MCT-activated CaN signal transduction.

Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Calcineurin ; metabolism ; Calcineurin Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Ginsenosides ; therapeutic use ; Heart Ventricles ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Monocrotaline ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction