Objective To reveal the prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety symptom and disorder in patients with awareness during general anesthesia.Methods 10 patients which had the awareness during general anesthesia were selected into AR group (awareness with recall during general anesthesia group).Face-to-face interviews were used in data collection together with the self-completed HAD scale for depressive and/or anxiety symptom screening.Subjects getting a HAD score of 9 and above were further assessed for depressive and/or anxiety disorders with HAMA scales and HAMD scales.Results The difference of common general state of patients, such as age, weigh and the time during operation were all insignificant between two groups (p>0.05).The rate of patients received general anesthesia only in AR group was higher than that in control group(p<0.05).The prevalence of depressive symptom, the prevalence of depressive or anxiety symptom and the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptom in AR group were higher than that in control group(p<0.05).The prevalence of depressive disorder, the prevalence of depressive or anxiety disorder and the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorder in AR group were higher than that in control group too(p<0.05).Conclusion There was high prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety symptom and disorder in patients with recall-awareness during general anesthesia.

Objective: To compare the differences between urban and rural middle school students on life satisfaction. Methods: 1152 urban and rural middle school students were measured by Multidimensional Students'Life Satisfaction Scale ( MSLSS - CV) . Results: ( 1 ) The urban students had higher scores than their rural counterparts on all the satisfaction dimensions ( mean value differences = 0. 2 - 0. 4. For example, the family satisfaction of urban and rural students were 4. 6?1. 0, 4. 2?1.0 respectively, mean value difference =0. 4; the serf satisfaction of urban and rural students were 4. 6?0. 7 , 4. 4?0. 7 respectively, mean value difference = 0. 2 ) . ( 2 ) The mean values rank (from high to low) of the five dimensions on the satisfaction was family, self, friend, school and living environment in urban students. The mean values rank (from high to low) of the five dimensions on the satisfaction was self, family, friend, school and living environment in rural students. (3 ) The difference between city and countryside had higher explained percentage than popularity on all the satisfaction dimensions. The percents were as follows: 5% , 10% , 4% , 6% , 17% , 11%. Conclusion: There were significant differences on life satisfaction between urban and rural middle school students.

Objective:To explore the correlations between self-esteem and life satisfaction in elementary school students. Methods:494 elementary school students were measured with CSES (Children's Self-Esteem Scale) and BMSLSS (Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale). Results: (1) There were significant gender and grade differences on self-esteem in elementary school students. Girls got higher scores(Means were 3.8?0.8?3.8?0.9?3.9?0.8)than boys on achievements, discipline and social morality-help(Means were 3.5?0.9?3.2?0.8?3.6?0.9,F=17.2?47.0?16.6, P

[Objective]To observe the effects of chronic renal failure (CRF)on hearing and investigate its mechanism.[Methods] Twenty-nine male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:Ⅰthe normal rats as control for 12 days (n=6); Ⅱrats given adenine(ig) for 12 days (n=8); Ⅲthe normal rats as control for 24 days (n=6);Ⅳ rats given adenine(ig) for 24 days(n=9). The rat model of CRF was produced by being perfused of adenine [300mg/kg]for 12d and 24d. Brain-stem auditory evoked potential(BAEP) was utilized to evaluate the auditory function and renal tissue morphology was observed; Serum sampling was used to determine the content of Cr, BuN. The expression of NOSⅡin the cochlear was measured by immunohistochemical technique.[Results] After adenine given for 12d or 24d, the Cr and BuN were in significant higher level than that in control group. The BAEP thresholds were gradually higher than that in control group, the BAEP delitescence prolonged. Light microscopic observation of renal tissue showed that the degree of fibrosis was gradually higher. Data of immune histochemistry about the cochlear tissue showed that the expressions of NOSⅡ were feebly positive in the cochlear vassal texture, inner-outer hairy cell and helical-ganglion cell, and following functional damage of the kidney, their expressions reinforced gradually, amongst which strongest expression was vassal texture, the next helical-ganglion cell, the last inner-outer hairy cell.[Conclusion]CRF can result in deafness. It is likely concerned with toxic effects of the metabolizable substance, the metabolizable dysfunction of the electrolyte, shortage of trace elements, etc. One of the important mechanisms of the effects of CRF on hearing is the toxic damage of NO to cochlea.

Objective We aimed to provide references for nurses allocation by selecting the nursing items and measuring nursing time. Methods We recorded the nursing workload of 130 nurses in 10 wards within one week by literature review, Delphi method and questionnaire investigation. Results Totally 125 items of nursing items were included,101 of which were direct nursing items and 24 of which were indirect ones.The average time per day per patient was 185.1 minutes for level one nursing,95.4 minutes for level two nursing, 58.5 minutes for level three nursing.Average nursing time per day,working time per day per nurse and nursing time per day for per patient in each unit had statistical difference,P<0.05.The time for direct nursing items was 64.13% and for indirect nursing items was 35.87%. Conclusions Allocation of nurses according to measurement of nursing time could reach the aim of reasonable allocation and effective utilization of nursing human resource.

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) non-protein-bound iron and malondialdehyde(MDA) in preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) after serial lumbar punctures.Methods Non-protein-bound iron and MDA of CSF in twenty severe IVH preterm infants with first and end lumbar puncture were examined respectively.The control samples were determined for once from first to second week after birth.Results Both Non-protein-bound iron and MDA levels of the first CSF sample in twenty severe IVH preterm infants were higher than that in control[(0.66±0.38)μmol/L vs (0.24±0.12)μmol/L(P<0.01);(1.21±0.41)μmol/L vs (0.89±0.35)μmol/L(P<0.05)].Non-protein-bound iron levels of first and end CSF sample in severe IVH with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) were both higher than those without PHVD [(0.75±0.34)μmol/L vs (0.54±0.31)μmol/L;(0.57±0.21)μmol/L vs (0.35±0.18)μmol/L](P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in MDA levels between both groups.The levels of non-protein-bound iron of end CSF in severe IVH with and without PHVD were significantly lower than those of the first CSF samples (P<0.05),while,there was no significant difference in MDA levels between the end and first CSF samples.Conclusion The non-protein-bound iron and MDA of CSF in severe IVH preterm infants were both significantly increased,non-protein-bound iron and oxygen free radicals may be involved in the preterm brain injury.Serial lumbar punctures can lower the levels of non-protein-bound iron in CSF.

Emodin has been known for its various pharmacological functions, including anti-rumor, anti-inflanmation,the inhibition of cell proliferation and secretion of pancreatic enzyme, acceleration of osteoblast cell differentiation and fibrinolysis, and promotion of wound healing. The researching progress of anti-tumor function of emodin was reviewed in this paper for the purpose of understanding it's mechanism of anti-tumor comprehensively.

BACKGROUND:Rib fractures are frequently treated with analgesic or compression band,which relieves pain but attenuates respiration.Memory metal chest shield as a new product has been used clinically for patients with multiple rib fractures to alleviate the pain.It displays many advantages compared with traditional approaches OBJECTIVE:To compare the effect of the memory metal chest shield versus the traditional fixation for multiple rib fractures.METHODS:A total of 104 patients with multiple rib fractures confirmed by transthoracic X-ray were selected and randomly divided into control group(n=40)treated with the traditional fixation methods(chest strap or a thick pad)and experimental group(n=64)treated with memory metal chest shield.At 1,24,48,and 72 hours after admission,the visual analog scale(VAS)at rest and cough.the incidence of pulmonary complications,and hospitalization were recorded Of them,32 from the experimental and21 from the control group rccepted pulmonary function tests.and their vital capacity was recorded at 1,24,48,and 72 hours after treatment RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pain intensity of experimental group was reduced at rest,while significantly reduced in forced breathing(such as cough).Of the 32 patients with use of memory metal sheeting,vital capacity continuously increased during the observation period,but pulmonary complications were significantly less,and the average hospital stay was significantly less than the control group(P＜0.05).Results show that the memory metal shield displayed fixation effect on the area of broken ribs,which significantly reduced pain,increased lung capacity,reduced the incidence of pulmonary complications and shortened the average length of stay.It is a simple and effective method of treating multiple rib fractures .

BACKGROUND: Gene microarray data has small sample size and large numbers of variates.Traditional statistical method is not effective.Genetic algorithm(GA)and support vector machine(SVM)are machine learning algorithms developed rapidly in recent years,which can decrease the dimension of features.OBJECTIVE: To combine GA and SVM to classify samples and compare with other two processes in which all genes and difference expression genes are taken as classifiers,respectively.METHODS: We applied golub data set provided by Bioconductor,which included gene expression data of leukaemia samples and normal samples.All genes were used to classify samples with SVM.SAM software was used to extract difference expression genes and estimate False Discovery Rate.Finally,76 difference expression genes were used as feature gene set to classify samples with SVM and GA-SVM respectively.Three classification effects were compared.Additionally,the distribution and function about feature genes in KEGG pathways were also discussed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The accuracy of classification of SVM was improved by decreasing dimension with genetic algorithm.In particular,this process eliminated a great deal of redundant genes and noises,which improves the classification performance.Results show that GA-SVM algorithm is effective in classifying samples.In addition,the pathway analysis shows that signal transmission and amino acid metabolism are two major functions of feature genes.

BACKGROUND:Brain injury is a serious central nervous system trauma.However,it is difficult to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery after brain injury.Sheath cells are conducive to neuronal survival and axonal regeneration.OBJECTIVE:To explore feasibility and effect of olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation on rat brain injury.METHODS:A total of 90 healthy adult male SD rats were selected and 10 were used to prepare olfactory ensheathing cells.The remaining were randomly divided into model control and transplantation groups with 40 animals in each group.Model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was established by thread method.At 1 week,2×10~6 suspension of olfactory sheath cells and an equal volume of sterile saline were injected into two groups,respectively via the carotid artery.Neurological deficits were evaluated by creeping scores;histopathological changes were detected by HE staining,and glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurotrophic factor receptor p75 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model control group,the neurological deficit scores were significantly reduced in the transplantation group compared with the control group at 1,2,3,and 4 weeks following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(P ＜ 0.05);the pathological changes in injured brain tissues were ameliorated,the number of nerve cell degeneration and necrosis was significantly reduced,and edema was attenuated.A great amount of glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurotrophic factor receptor p75 expression was detected in the infarct hemisphere following cell transplantation,and little in the contralateral hemisphere and vascular endothelial cells.Negative expression was detected in the model control group.Results show that the olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation is effective on ischemic brain injury in the rats.