Critical Illness ; therapy ; Humans ; Nutritional Support

Gait problems in cerebral palsy patients are usually caused by spasticity or contracture of two joints muscles,and the imbalance between synergic muscles and antagonistic muscles. The knee problems are the most common seen in cerebral palsy patients. The paper discusses the common abnormalities of the knee in cere-bral palsy and the development in treatment of the deformities.

Program monitoring and evaluation (M & E) is the major method used in the international collaboration programs on disease control and prevention in China in recent years. It functions in the progress overseeing,problem finding and solving in terms of enhancing the program quality,managing the work plan,summing up the experiences,auditing the performance and finally achieving the expected goal. The indicators and implementation progress based on M & E serve as a scientific tool to measure the program implementation outcome periodically.

Objective To analyze the relationship between volume,conductivity,laser light scatter (VCS) of lymphocytes and monocytes and atypical lymphocyte.Methods The clinical data of 129 patients with virus infection and 50 healthy controls received blood routine examination by Sysmex-800i hematology analyzer in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The lymphocyte volume (MLV),distribution width,(LDW),conductance rate (MLC),laser scattering(MLS) and monocyte cell volume (MMV),distribution width,(MDW),electrical conductivity (MMC),laser scattering(MMS) were analyzed.And according to the heterotypic lymphocyte ratio,the virus infection patients were divided into group 1 (abnormal rate 2％-5％),group 2 (abnormal rate ＞ 5％-10％),group 3 (abnormal rate ＞10％).The healthy controls were selected as control group.The VCS parameters of the four groups were compared.Results The LDW of group 1 was (17.2 ± 2.5) FL,that of the control group was (14.1 ± 2.7) FL,the difference was statistically significant(t =2.362,P ＜0.05).The MLV,LDW,MMV,MDW of group 2 were (85.3 ±5.6) ×109/L,(19 ±3.1) FL,(185.9 ±9.2) × 109/L,(22 ±2.9) FL,which were significantly higher than those of the control group (t =2.557,3.086,2.735,4.269,P ＜ 0.05).The MLV,LDW,MMV,MDW of group 3 were (89.5 ±6.8) ×109/L,(22.3 ±3.6) FL,(194.5 ±9.6) ×109/L,(24.5 ±3.4) FL,which were significantly higher than those in the control group (t =2.982,3.569,2.945,4.863,P ＜ 0.05).The MLC,MLS,MMC,MMS of group 1 were (112.3 ±7.8) μs/cm,(54.8 ±4.9) NTU,(112.3 ±7.8)μs/cm,(83.6 ±4.7) NTU,those in group 2 were (104.7 ±6.9)μs/cm,(52.6 ± 4.5) NTU,(104.7 ± 6.9) μs/cm; (81.1 ± 4.3) NTU,those in group 3 were (96.5 ± 6.2) μs/cm,(50.5 ± 4.3) NTU,(96.5 ± 6.2) μs/cm,(78.7 ± 3.8) NTU,those in the three groups were significantly lower than in the control group (t =2.623,3.195,2.247,5.829,2.457,2.956,2.371,6.715,2.573,3.044,4.395,7.386,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion VCS parameters of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells of two types of white blood cells can reflect to a certain extent,peripheral blood heterotypic lymphocyte morphology changes of clinical infection,has the reference value of diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Objective To investigate the indications and clinical values of percutaneous transthoracic biopsy guided by different locating means respectively on pulmonary lesions. Methods Patients were divided into different groups according the locating methods,which included X -ray, type -B ultrasonography, and CT. Pathologic diagnosis and complications were retrospectively analysed between groups. Conclusion Each locating method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Results we should choose the optimistic one according the patients′ condition.

According to the recent years’ review of international and domestic relating journals and collections, the conception, mechanism, and treatment of sympathetic cervical spondylosis are summarized.All authors have agreed that posterior cervical nerve syndrome proposed by Barre-Lieou and addressed in this paper, whose mechanism mainly is cervical vertebral degeneration stimulus, or oppression upon sympathetic nervous fiber, or spasm of vertebral artery, is generally treated by non-operative methods and cautious operative methods.The main cause of sympathetic cervical spondylosis is cervical vertebral instability, which stimulates sympathetic nervous fiber to make vertebral artery to convulse. And its treatment is mainly conservative treatment and supplementary operation. But it is usually subject to reoccurrence. Operative methods include cervical disk excision, cervical inter-body fusion and bone grafting and inner fixation, instable factor elimination. But eligible condition is relatively short.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current situation and the trend of cardiovascular drugs used in 6 cities in the Yangtze river valley between 2002 and 2004.METHODS:Consumption of cardiovascular drugs used in 157 hospitals of 6 cities in the Yangtze river valley were analyzed by the way of sum and DDDs ranking. RESULTS:The total annual cost of the cardiovascular drugs used in 6 cities was 13.6 billion yuan in 2004, increasing by 58.8%, as compared with that in 2002.The total average consumption of anti-anginal and vasodilating agents, antithrombotic agents and antihypertensives accounted for 84.1% of the total cost in 3 years.CCB, ACEI, Nitrate esters,?-blockers and Chinese medicines dominated in the ranking of sum and DDDs.CONCLUSION: Right medicines with higher patient compliance rates, lower ADR occurrence, more certain therapeutic effect and economical daily cost have become the preferable choices for clinical physicians.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the status quo and tendency of the use of Chinese material medical injection(CMMI) in Nanjing area.METHOD:Chinese material medica injection used in 22 hospital of Nanjing from 2004 to 2006 was analyzed statistically in terms of variety,consumption sum,defined daily dose(DDDs) etc. RESULTS: The consumption sum of CMMI increased year by year,with annual incremental rates of 19.80% and 11.82% respectively.The cardio-cerebral vascular CMMI dominated the first place in terms of consumption sum and DDDs over the 3 years.Lentinan,Shengmai,Shenmai,Puerarin took the lead in consumption sum of single variety.The variety and specification and the number of manufacturers of CMMI increased year by year.CONCLUSION:CMMI plays a key role in clinical treatment,its consumption sum and consumption quantity kept increasing rapidly.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the role and responsibility of clinical pharmacists in drug counseling for outpatients of our hospital.METHODS:The outpatient drug counseling records in our hospital from 2006 to 2007 were collected and analyzed by citing typical cases as example.RESULTS:The questions presented by patients were related to different aspects of pharmacy and most of which had been solved efficiently.CONCLUSION:In guiding patients' rational drug use,pharmacists should have extensive pharmaceutical knowledge meanwhile bear great responsibility.

Spastic diplegia and hemiplegia are the common types of cerebral palsy which needs treat-ment in clinic. The paper discusses the classification of gait problems in these two types of cerebral palsy and ac-cording to gait analysis,recommended the management for them. Through the understanding of the classification, the treatment plan could be made individually regarding the GMFCS level of the patient and improve their functions.