Cardiopulmonary arrest is one of the most critical situations,posing a serious threat to life.With the development of medical technology, the rate of return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest has been improved.However, many children suffer from multiple organ dysfunction because of the long hypoxia time from cardioplumonary arrest, so the rate of long-term survival is relatively low and the long-term outcome is still not satisfactory.Therefore, how to make cardiopulmonary resuscitation more effective is the focus of current research.This article reviews the related factors that affect the outcome of resuscitation, providing references for the treatment of cardiopulmonary arrest in children.

Background One of the important machanisms of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is to regulate the expression of connexin (Cx) gene.ATRA inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of retinoblastoma (RB) cells,which is related to Cx43.However,the control site of ATRA and its effect on RB tumor in vivo have not been identified.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of ATRA on Cx43 expression in RB cells and its approach mechanisms.Methods ATRA solution of 1 × 10 2 mol/L was prepared with ethanol and formulated into 1×10 5,1×10-6and 1 × 10 7 mol/L of solution with culture medium further.Human RB cell line (HXO-RB44) was cultured and treated with different concentrations of ATRA for 2,4 and 6 days,respectively.The expressions of Cx43 protein and mRNA in RB cells were detected by Western blot and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR),respectively.RB models were established by injecting HXO-RB44 cell suspension into anterior chamber in the right eyes of 15 athymic mice.Eleven successful models were divided into the blank control group,negative control group and 1 × 10-5 mol/L ATRA group,and 0.5％ normal saline solution with athymic or 1 ×10-5 mol/L ATRA solution was injected into the anterior chamber in the negative control group and 1 × 10-5 mol/L ATRA group in the 3-day interval for 3 weeks.The model eyes were examined under the slit lamp microscope.The eyeballs were extracted at the end of the experiment for hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results Western blot assay showed that the absorbance values of Cx43 protein (ACx43/AGAPDH) were increased gradually as time lapse of ATRA treatment among the groups (Ftime =71.31,P =0.00; Fgroup =7.66,P =0.00).The expressions of Cx43 protein were significantly higher in the 1 × 10 5 mol/L ATRA group after 2 days,1 × 10-6 mol/L ATRA group after 4 days,1 × 10-7 mol/L ATRA group after 6 days than those in the blank control group at various time points (t =3.34,P＜0.01 ;t =2.33,P＜0.05;t =3.12,P＜ 0.01).RT-PCR showed that the absorbance values of Cx43 mRNA (ACx43mRXA/Aβ-actin) were significantly enhanced as the prolong of treatment time of ATRT among the groups (Ftime =90.90,P =0.00 ; Fgroup =6.86,P =0.00).The expressions of Cx43 mRNA were significantly higher in the 1 × 10-5 mol/L ATRA group after 2 days,1 × 10 6 mol/L ATRA group and 1 ×10-7 mol/L ATRA group after 4 days than those in the blank control group at various time points (t=3.57,P＜0.01 ;t=6.31,P＜0.01 ;t=2.22,P＜0.05).RB models were successfully created in 11 eyes on the 6-9 days following the intrachamber injection of RB cell suspension.The RB cells were filled with chamber in the blank control group 20 days after injection,and RB only occupied half of the anterior chamber in the 1 × 10-5 mol/L ATRA group.Histopathological examination exhibited that the RB cells were seen in the anterior and posterior chamber as well as vitreous in the blank control group,however,the cells were only found in the anterior chamber in the 1 × 10 5 mol/L ATRA group.Conclusions ATRA can inhibit the growth of RB in vitro and in vivo by inducing the expression of Cx43 gene in transcription process.

BACKGROUND: In spite of some good successes of nickel-titanium alloy have been achieved in orthopaedic surgery, there are still serious limitations in clinical application, such as potential leakage of elements and ions, which could be toxic to cells, tissues and organs. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress and the exiting problems of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy in orthopaedics and to provide theoretical supports for safe use of the alloy in clinical practice.METHODS: A computer-based online search of Springerlink and CNKI was performed for articles published between 2003 and 2010 both in Chinese and English. The search was conducted respectively with the key words of "nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi-SMA), biocompatibility, modifications, orthopaedics". Researches regarding nickel-titanium shape memory alloy and its properties, clinical applications, corrosion performance, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance by surface/structure modifications and the long-term challenges were included. Irrelevant or repetitive articles were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy has special value in medical field due to favorable shape-memory and superelasticity. However, due to the nickel toxicity, it is of great importance to elevate corrosion resistance of nickel-titanium alloy. The modifications of the alloy are the main focus and direction for further research.

The paper described the main function modules, system architecture, key technology and reservation business process of the appointment register platform system; security measure of the reservation platform system, as evidenced by the access of third-party payment interface, multi-tier data service, digital safety network among others which are designed to ensure the security and operability of the system.

The increasing magnetic strengths used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with a greater number of MRI patients with cochlear implants (CIs) raises possible safety issues.This paper reviews the interactions between MRI and CI,and assesses MRI compatibility and safety of CIs at 0.2,0.3,1.0,1.5 and 3.0 tesla (T).In a word,CIs represent a significantcontraindication to MRI.Only after careful evaluation of the individual risk and careful preparations can an MRI be safely performed.

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG),a natural medicine with anti-neoplastic activity,significantly prevent cancers via inhibiting tumor cell proliferation,suppressing angiogenesis and promoting apoptosis,etc.Furthermore,the new discoveries about anti-tumor mechanisms of EGCG in digestive system,reproductive system and respiratory system shorten the course of EGCG application in clinical.

Objective To evaluate left atrial function by velocity vector imaging (VVI) in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis(RMS). Methods Thirty eight patients with RMS and 42 normal controls were studied with VVI analysis software. Peak systolic strain (S), systolic strain rate(SRs), early diastolic strain rate(SRe) and late diastolic strain rate(SRa) of each left atrial segments were measured,and also the SRa peak time delay(Td-SRa). Results Comparing to the controls group, the S, SRs and SRe of all segments were significantly lower(P<0.05). Except the base latero-aorta's SRa, the other segments' SRa were lower (P<0.05). In patients with atrial fibrillation(AF),56% segments had no SRa,and 18.6% had irregular low amplitude movement at late diastole, while 25.4% had discernible positive peak. The base and middle inferior SRa of patients with AF were lower (P<0.05 ) than those of the patients with sinus rhythm. While the Td-SRa of patients was longer than that of control group,especially what of the patients with AF. Conclusions The segmental and globe left atrial function of patients with RMS can be evaluated with VVI.

Objective:To investigate the expression of Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5(LGR5) in endometrial cancer(EC) and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics.Methods:Immunohistochemistry were performed to measure the LGR5 expression in EC(n =90) and normal endometrium tissue(n =30).The expression of LGR5 and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed.Results:The expression of LGR5 was significantly higher in EC than that in normal tissue (63.3％ vs 23.3％,P＜0.001).The expression of LGR5 in ＜ 1/2 myometrium infiltration group was higher than in ≥1/2 myometrium infiltration group(72.5％ vs 33.3％,P =0.001).There was no significant difference between the expression of LGR5 in different group of age,histological type,histological differentiation,cervical stroma invasion,lymph node metastasis,FIGO stage(P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that LGR5 was an independent influential factor of myometrium infiltration (OR =0.163,95％ CI 0.034 ～ 0.772,P =0.022).Conclusions:LGR5 is up-regulated in EC,and is correlated to myometrium infiltration.LGR5 may play an important role in EC tumorigenesis.

Objective To study the anti-aging effect of total saponins of Polygala tenuifolia (PTS). Methods The effects of total saponins of Polygala tenuifolia on oxygen free radicals were investigated by the methods of scavenging hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and DPPH oxygen free radicals in vitro. The photoaging model of mice skin was established to observe the effect of total saponins of Polygala tenuifolia on mouse skin pathology. Results In the experiment of antioxidation in vitro, the total saponins of Polygala tenuiflora significantly scavenged hydroxyl free radicals (P<0.05, P<0.001) and superoxide radical (P<0.01) at 6.0 and 12.0mg/mL, DPPH free radicals (P<0.001). In the light aging experiment, the light aging model of mice skin was established successfully in group B (model + medium tea oil). Compared with group B, the density of the skin epidermis in D group (30 min before irradiation, 6mg/mL PTS) was thickened, the elastic fibers were arranged uniformly and tightly, the collagen fibers proliferated significantly and densely, and the inflammatory cells infiltration was not found. The treatment effect was most remarkable in group G (30min after irradiation, PTS 12mg/mL PTS), and the skin of the mice was thickened, the elastic fibers were evenly arranged, the collagen fibers had some hyperplasia, evenly distributed, and there was no infiltration of inflammatory cells, which had significant therapeutic effect. Conclusion The total saponins of Polygala tenuifoliahas significant antioxidant activity and anti - light aging effect.

Objective To measure the expressions of TXNIP,STAMP2 and GATA3 in diabetes patients with breast cancer and to determine the changes of oxidative stress indexes before and after surgery.Methods The expression levels of TXNIP,STAMP2 and GATA3 mRNA in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were measured in 45 diabetes patients with breast cancer.The levels of serum oxidative stress indexes including MDA,MPO,SOD and TAC were detected and compared before and after surgery.Results The expressions of TXNIP,STAMP2 and GATA3 mRNA and their protein levels in cancer tissues were lower than those in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05).The positive expression rate of the three indexes were 60%,66.7% and 73.3%,higher than that of TXNIP protein with 2.2% in the adjacent normal tissues(P<0.05).The TXNIP,STAMP2 and GATA3 protein positive rate of breast cancer tissue were related to differentiation,lymph node metastasis and clinical grades (P<0.05).Serum MDA and MPO levels increased first and then decreased.SOD and TAC showed a trend of decrease first and then increase.The turning point is 6 d after surgery.Conclusion TXNIP,STAMP2,GATA3 and serum oxidative stress indicators may be the indicators for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in diabetes patients.