Humans ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; Orthodontics, Corrective

Health Education, Dental ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Orthodontics ; methods

This paper discussed the differences in teaching arrangement,material construction,teaching pattern, and teaching methods been used in medical microbiology teaching between China and the United State.

Abdomen ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Compartment Syndromes ; diagnosis ; mortality ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Orthodontics, Corrective

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Humans

Objective: To investigate prevalence of neurosis in a college of central China. Method:4465 college students were investigated by epidemiological method used in the national survey of 12 areas 10 years before. Result: The present prevalence of neurosis in students were 9.34%, higher than that of the national survey 10 years before (6.44%). In different diagnoses, the present prevalence of anxiety disorder was much higher. Male students had higher rate of neuroses than female, those in grade 3 or 4 had higher rate of neuroses than those in other grades. The most obvious invoke factor of neurosis was lovelorn. Conclusion: The prevalence of neurosis is higher than 10 years before.

Objective To study the state of doctors' psychological capital in public hospitals,and to analyze the characteristics of such capital,so as to better leverage the capital as a hospital management tool.Methods A quantitative and qualitative research was made on the state of doctors＇ psychological capital.Results The doctors' task-oriented psychological capital scored 4.25,and guanxi-oriented psychological capital 4.41; “modesty and prudence”scored the highest in all dimensions of the doctors' psychological capital,“optimism and hope”lowest; the doctors with different genders,ages,seniority,and monthly average income have a difference in psychological capital.However,no significant difference was found with varying titles,hospital levels,and employment models.Conclusion The doctors were found with a strong psychological capital to cope with stress.Better psychological capital will raise quality of care in practice.

Objective To explore the function and significance of caudal type homeobox transcription factor-2 (CDX)-2,heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) of esophageal stromal tissues in the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus (BE).Methods A total of 116 patients were divided into groups according to gastroscopic finds and hematoxylin-eosin (H &E) staining of biopsy samples.They were divided into control group (n=29),RE group (n=32),BE group (n=35),RE treatment group (n=10) and BE treatment group (n=10).The expression of CDX 2,HB-EGF and BMP-4 in different esophageal mucosal lesions was detected by immunohistochemical staining and the changes of positive expression levels of CDX-2,HBEGF and BMP 4 were compared among groups.Variance analysis and chi-square analysis were performed to analyze the correlation among the three factors.Results The CDX-2 positive cell number of control group ((0.0±0.0)/high power field(HPF)),RE group ((43.1±10.6)/HPF),and BE group ((67.8±11.3)/HPF) increased in turn,and the differences among three groups were statistically significant (F=67.664,P＜0.01).The HBEGF positive ((6.4±1.4)/HPF,(39.4±13.5)/HPF,(55.8±13.9)/HPF) and BMP 4 positive ((0.0±0.0)/HPF,(22.6±6.4)/HPF and ((25.1± 10.3)/HPF) cell number of three groups had the same trend and the differences among three groups were statistically significant (F HB-EGF =22.925,FBMP-4 =10.463,both P＜0.01).Except the expression of BMP-4 between RE group and BE group,there were significant differences between every other two groups (LSD test,all P＜ 0.01).The expression of CDX 2,HB EGF,BMP-4 in RE treatment group ((21.7±1.7)/HPF,(16.6±5.0)/HPF and (9.2±1.0)/HPF) and BE treatment group ((51.4±8.7)/HPF,(31.0± 10.4)/HPF and (12.7±3.9)/HPF) were lower than those in RE group and BE group respectively,the differences were also statistically significant (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In RE group,the positive rate of CDX-2 (31.2％ (10/32)) was significantly lower than that of HBEGF and BMP4 (62.5％ (20/32) and 56.2％(18/32)),and the differences were statistically significant (x2=6.275 and 4.063,both P＜0.05).However in BE group,there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate among CDX-2(85.7％(30/35)),HB-EGF (88.6％(31/35)) and BMP-4 (74.3％(26/35),all P＞0.05).Conclusions CDX-2,HB-EGF and BMP-4 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RE and BE.HB-EGF and BMP-4 may be involved in the early episodes of BE genesis and have promotion effects on CDX-2 expression.HB-EGF and BMP-4 may be the new target in the research and treatment of BE.

The mature seeds and excised embryos of Dalbergia odorifera were used as materials to study the effect of moisture content on their survival, as well as the effect of rapid freezing and vitrification freezing method on seeds and in vitro embryos cryopreservation. The results showed that the germination rate and vigor decreased from 82.67%, 85% to 18.35%, 25% respectively, when the seed moisture content decreased from 15.04% to 8.14%; and the germination rate decreased from 82.67% to 37.50%, 25.37% respectively by vitrification freezing method and rapid freezing method, when the seed moisture content decreased from 15.04% to 9.37%. Among all the moisture content gradient, 12.35% moisture reached the maximal germination rate, which were 63.58% and 50.45% respectively by vitrification freezing and rapid freezing; and when the embryo moisture content was 26.32%, the germination rate decreased from 95.67% to 58.31% and 33.82% respectively by vitrification freezing and rapid freezing. And when the moisture content was in the range of 14.17% -21.34%, the germination rate was a bit of decrease. The experiment results showed that the optimum conditions of seed cryopreservation were: moisture content 12.35%, vitrification freezing; and the optimum conditions of in vitro embryo cryopreservation were: moisture 15.04%, vitrification freezing. In conclusion, the effects of moisture content on germination rate after cryopreservation in D. odorifera seeds and embryo were significant, and vitrification freezing method is much better than rapid freezing method.
Cryopreservation ; methods ; Dalbergia ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Germination ; Seeds ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Water ; analysis