OBJECTIVE :To investigate the relationship between fungus infections of child patients and long- term use of cefoperazone(CPZ). METHODS: Cultures of oral mucous cotton swab, stool, sputum, pharynx cotton swab, blood and cerebrospinal fluid were done for possible fungus infections. In addition, the suspicious microorganisms were isolated and identified.RESULTS:27 cases of fungus infections were found .Of them, 18 cases were infected by candida albicans,4 cases candida tropicalis, 4 cases candida krusi and one cases aspergillus,which accounted for 66.7%, 14.8%,14.8% and 3.7% respectively .CONCLUSION: Long - term use of antibiotics is the main contributory factor to being complicated by fungus infections and the key of diagnosis is constant vigilance to and recognition of the disease.

Interaction between drug and protein is a major research field of life science.This article reviews the methods used in related research in the past 5 years,including spectroscopy,equilibrium dialysis,ultrafiltration,microdialysis method, capillary electrophoresis,NMR,X-ray diffraction,electrochemical,affinity chromatography,HPFA,HPLC,etc.It has been showed that combined usages of several technologies are always needed to elucidate an interaction between drug and protein.

BACKGROUND:More than 50% of patients with diabetes are accompanied by osteoporosis. Exercise is the main method to treat diabetes, but whether it has an impact on diabetes osteoporosis is unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the different exercise intensities and changes in bone mineral density in type 2 diabetic rat models.
METHODS:Forty rats were randomly divided into model group and low-, medium-and high-intensity exercise groups. Al rats received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish models of type 2 diabetes. Rats in the low-, medium-and high-intensity exercise groups did treadmil training at 10, 20, 30 m/min, 1 hour per day, 6 daysas a cycle. They had a rest for 1 day after each cycle, for 8 consecutive cycles. Rats in the model group did not do any exercise.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model group, the weight of rats was decreased; blood glucose levels were reduced;osteocalcin and serum calcium levels and biomechanical indexes of femur increased; serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase decreased in the low-, medium-and high-intensity exercise groups. Bone mineral density increased in the medium-and high-intensityexercise groups. These findings confirmed that different exercise intensitieshavea certain influence on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in type 2 diabetic rat models. When using a method of treating movement, proper physical exercise can increase serum osteocalcin content, improve bone metabolism, prevent diabetic osteoporosis, and have a high clinical value.

Animals ; Female ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; Herbicides ; toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Phenyl Ethers ; toxicity

BACKGROUND: Hematic protective has arisen widely attention in China and abroad due to the serious blood contamination and transfusion related diseases.OBJECTIVE: To observe hematic protective effect of hypertonic solution chloride hydroxyethy140 injection (HSH) on acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) in maxilla Lefort Ⅰ osteotomy.METHODS: Totally 40 patients were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups, with 20 patients in each group. All patients were operated under tracheal intubation general anesthesia, in the experimental group, 4 Ml/kg HSH was infused with speed of 10 Ml/min, and the infusion was finished within 30 minutes. There was no treatment in the control group. Blood routine examination (including hematocrit, hemoglobin, blood platelets count) and routine coagulation test (including platelet, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen) was performed at the points of before AHH (T_0), at the end of AHH (T_1), 30 min after AHH (T_2),60 min after AHH (T_3), 3 hours after AHH (T_4), 1 day after operation (T_5), and 3 days after operation (T_6), respectively.Simultaneously, the capacities of blood transfusion, liquor transfusion, hemorrhage and urine during operation was recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the patients were included in the final analysis. Compared to the control group, the capacity of blood transfusion in the experimental group was smaller than that of the control group (P<0.05), with greater urine volume (P<0.05). However, the differences of liquor transfusion and hemorrhage had no significance (P>0.05). After controlled hypotension,the heart rates of patients at T_2 and T_3 were obvious increased than that of T_1 (P<0.05), the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure,and mean arterial pressure were significantly decreased (P<0.05). At T_1, T_2 and T_3 points, the heart rates of patients in the experimental group were greater than that of the control group (P<0.05). The systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and mean arterial pressure had no dramatically differences between two groups (P>0.05). After AHH, the hematocrit and hemoglobin were obviously decreased in the experimental group at T_1, T_2, T_3 and T_4 points (P<0.05), with more blood platelets count and prolonged partial thromboplastin time (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the Na~+, Cl~-was increased in the experimental group at T_1 and T_2 points (P<0.05), with greater hematocrit and hemoglobin at the T_5 and T_6 points (P<0.05). The results demonstrated that HSH can decrease or avoid transfusing blood in maxilla Lefort Ⅰ osteotomy.

Objective To analyze the causes of chronic cough. Results Totally 146 patients with chronic cough were diaguosed according to the diagnostic routine based on the guideline on diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough established by Chinese Medical Association, which included medical history, medical examination, X-ray or CT of paranasal sinus or chest, lung function, gastroscope, sputum cytology classification. The final diagnosis was made based on clinical manifestation examination findings and a positive response to therapy. Conclusion The cause of chronic cough was defined in 93.2% of the patients, and multiple causes: Cough variant asthma (n = 45,30.3%), postnasal drip syndrome,PNDs (n = 27, 18.5%), gastroesophageal reflux cough(n = 21,14.4%), post infection cough(n = 16,10.9%), ensinophilic bronchitis(n = 13, 8.9%), drug induced cough(n = 10,6.8%), unidentified cough(n = 10,6.8%). Conclusion Complex etiology of chronic cough,be specific therapeutic effect,and its clear cause is the key to treatment.

Objective To study the effect of aspirin in the prevention of cardiovascular events for patients with hypertension.Methods 105 patients with hypertensive disease were randomly divided into group A,B,C, 35 cases in each group,and group A was dealed with nifedipine tablets treatment,group B were treated with nifedipine tablets and aspirin,group C was given nifedipine tablets and dipyridamole.The antihypertensive effects of the three groups were observed,three years through regular follow -up for all patients,the effects of prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with essential hypertension were observed.Results The occurrence probability of myocardial infarction,cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage in the group B were 2.85%,2.85%,0.00%,respectively, which were statistically significant less than those in the group A and C group(F =19.4,P <0.05).Conclusion The preventive effect of aspirin is better for cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients,which is worthy to be popu-larized and used in clinical studies,aspirin for this kind of disease is a kind of ideal.

Objective　To investigate the direct antitumor effect of several surface molecules of Bifidobacterium bifidum 1101 such as whole peptidoglycan (WPG), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and polysaccharides (PS) on human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line LoVo. Methods　MTT assay and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to evaluate the effect of Bifidobacterial surface molecules on the growth of LoVo cells. Morphological study, fluorescent polarimetry and differentiation-specific enzyme analysis were used to determine whether LTA treatment could induce the differentiation of the cells. Results　LTA but not WPG or PS significantly inhibited the proliferation of LoVo cells in a dose and time dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis by FCM revealed that LTA induced changes in cycle distribution resulting in G0/G1 phase commitment. Morphological alterations observed by light and electron microscopy indicated maturity of cytoplasm and nucleus following treatment by 50μg/ml of LTA. Membrane fluidity was also altered, and intestinal alkaline phosphatase specific for the differentiation of LoVo cells roused dramatically during culture in LTA. It was further found that LTA elevated ［Ca2+］i which resulted from Ca2+ influx instead of the release of stored calcium. Conclusion　These observations indicated that LTA was able to inhibit the growth of LoVo cells and induce the differentiation of the cells. Calcium influx may play an important role in this process.

Objective To study the active secondary metabolites from marine microorganism FIM02-635.Methods The producing strain was identified by taxonomical and phylogenetic studies.Two compounds FW635I1 and FW635I2 with immunosuppressive activities were extracted by organic solvents from the culture broth and purified by silica gel column chromatography and high speed counter current chromatography.The structures of the two compounds were determined by physico-chemical properties and spectral analyses,the biological activities were assayed in vitro.Results and Conclusion The producing strain was named as Micromonospora carbonacea FIM 02-635. Two compounds FW635I1 and FW635I2 were determined to be isoflavone Daidzein and Genistein,respectively,showed immunosuppressive and antitumor activities,but not antimicrobial activities.

Lead compound optimization plays an important role in new drug discovery and development. The strategies for changing metabolic pathways can modulate pharmacokinetic properties, prolong the half life, improve metabolism stability and bioavailability of lead compounds. The strategies for changing metabolic pathways and improving metabolism stability are reviewed. These methods include blocking metabolic site, reduing lipophilicity, changing ring size, bioisosterism, and prodrug.