Objective To study the shape differences of upper epidermal cells in leaves of medicinal plants of Swertia L. and establish the new method for identifying them. Methods The epidermis were mounted in ordinary technique, and then scanned and binarized through HPIAS-1000 image analytic system. The waveness of the anticlinal walls (SFC) and the ratio of the Ferets diameter (SLF) of upper epidermal cells were detected. The leaf epidermal cells of 21 kinds of raw materials in 12 plants of Swertia L. from various regions were examined. Results The precision and reproducibility of software system were good, and the shape characters of the upper epidermal cells of the middle lamina in the third node arising from ground are the stablest inside the same species by the magnification 20?10 under microscope. The SFC and SLF of the upper epidermal cells of the same species of plants are relatively constant, conversely that of different species of plants are obviously different and distinguishable from each other. Conclusion The proposed method is a useful technique for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials originated from herbs and leaves of plants. HPIAS-1000 is simple, rapid, accurate, and practical for shape analysis of upper epidermal cells of plant leaf.

Oral imaging techniques have been widely and increasingly used in clinical practice.This article reviews the functions,characteristics and principles of three kinds of oral imaging instruments including panoramic x-ray unit,intraoral x-ray unit and stomatology endoscope.

It is considered that the central nervous system (CNS) is an immunologically privileged organ, but its immunological privilege is not complete, and immunological rejection may also occurred after tissue transplantation. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has developed a brand-new approach for the treatment of various CNS diseases. Despite the low immunogenicity of NSC, there are also troubles of immunological rejection. This article reviews the immunological characteristics of CNS, the mechanisms of immunological response and immunological rejection in CNS, as well as the problems of immunological rejection of NSC transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the preventive effects of dezocine on postoperative hyperalgesia in patients after remifentanil-based anesthesia.Methods One hundred ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 20-64,weighing 45-65 kg,undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy,were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =25 each): fentanyl group (group F),low-dose dezocine group (group D1 ),medium-dose dezocine group (group D2 ) and high-dose dezocine group (group D3 ).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,propofol,remifentanil and cisatracurium.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation.Anesthesia was maintained with target-controlled infusion of remifentanil (target effect-site concentration 4 μg/L), intravenous infusion of propofol 4-6mg· kg-1· h-1 and intermittent intravenous injection of cisatracurium 0.03 mg/kg.Groups D1,D2 and D3 received intramuscular injection of dezocine 0.1,0.2,0.3 mg/kg at 30 min before the end of surgery respectively and group F received intravenous injection of fentanyl 1 μg/kg at 15 min before the end of surgery.The emergence time and extubation time were recorded.Visual analog scale(VAS),Bruggrmann comfort scale(BCS) and sedation and agitation scale (SAS) at immediately,1 h,2 h after emergence from anesthesia (T0,1,2),and the incidence of respiratory depression,nausea and vomiting and urinary retention after extubation were recorded.Results Compared with group F,the emergence time and extubation time were shortened,the incidence of respiratory depression and nausea and vomiting was decreased in groups D1,D2 and D3,VAS score was increased and BCS score was decreased at T0-2 in group D1,VAS score at T0 was increased,while VAS score at T1,2 and SAS score at T0-2 was decreased in groups D2 and D3 ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group D2,SAS score was decreased at T0-2,while the incidence of respiratory depression was increased in group D3 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).No patient showed urinary retention in the four groups.Conclusion Intramuscular injection of dezocine 0.2 mg/kg at 30 min before the end of surgery can reduce postoperative hyperalgesia with little side effects in patients after remifentanil-based anesthesia.

To investigate the effects of Yiniao Recipe, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on contents of serum antidiuretic hormone, and plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in rats with kidney-yang deficiency.

To prepare large naive phage antibody library, the host bacteria with high transformation efficiency is used in the Cre-LoxP recombination system. The variable regions of immunoglobulin light and heavy genes were amplified from lymphocytes collected from adult peripheral blood and newborn cord blood. The genes were spliced to form the single-chain variable fragments (scFv) by overlap PCR, cloned into pDAN5a vector and then transformed into XL2-blue MRF' with the Hte gene. Compared with XL1-blue strain, the size of the primary library was increased by 3.9 times. The primary library infected Cre recombinase-expressing bacteria, and the genes between phagemids created many new VH/VL combinations. The library was calculated to have a diversity of 1.7 x 10(11) and validated by the selection of antibodies against six different protein antigens. This library provides the basis for further selection of antibody-based drugs. It is the first time to report that XL2-blue MRF' can be used to improve the diversity of the library in the recombination system.

Objective To construct the secretory expression vector of recombinant human C-reactive protein(rhCRP) for its se-cretory expression in Pichia pastoris ,rhCRP was expressed as a secretory protein and purified ,and the immunity reactivity of the purified protein was identified .Methods The DNA fragment of rhCRP which was designed and synthesized was cloned into pPICZαA vector .Recombinant plasmid pPICZαA/rhCRP was linearized by SacⅠand transformed into Pichia pastoris X-33 by elec-trotransformation .The rhCRP was secreted into the medium under the methanol induction .RhCRP was purified by Histamine affin-ity chromatography .The purified rhCRP was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting ,and its immunity reactivity and stabili-ty was identified by indirect ELISA .Results The pPICZαA/rhCRP expression vector was successfully constructed .The rhCRP of 23 × 103 was inducted and successfully expressed as a secretory protein by the recombinant Pichia pastoris strains .The rhCRP was purified by one step up to 90 .42% purity ,and it was showed good immunity and stability by indirect ELISA .Conclusion The rh-CRP with higher purity and immunoreactivity was successfully obtained by using the Pichia pastoris expression system ,which pro-vided an important experimental basis for producing anti-human CRP antibodies and developing testing CRP reagent .

Objective To observe and compare the effects of four kinds of anesthetic methods on the revival time,the rate of re-dormant after revival,the total Ketamine's doses and the respiratory status after extubation,and to improve the safety of anesthesia.Method 80 cases of children with palatorrphy were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A(n=20) given Midazolam and Ketamine,group B(n=20) given Fentanyl and Ketamine,group C(n=20) given Isoflurane and Ketamine,and group D(n=20) given Sevoflurane and Ketamine.Results(1) The revival time in group D and group C shortened(D and C

Objective To discuss a new method on treatment of the nephroptosis. Methods Seven patients of nephroptosis were treated with polypropylene ventrofixation on the twelfth rib.There were 2 male cases and 5 females.The patients aged from 14 to 46 years old.Height were a-mong 150 and 183 cm and weight from 45 to 68 kg.There were 5 cases with right side lesions,l case left and 1 case bilateral.The operation was performed through the lumbar incision.A polypropylene net string was put betw,een the fibrous capsule of the kidney and the adipose capsule,across the lower pole of the kidney.After adj usted the tension,the string was fixed by silk suture or by rivet after the silk running around the twelfth rib.IVU(intravenous urogram)was performed to compare the posi-tion of kidney pre-and post operation. Results The operations were successfully done.Averagc time of the operation was 65 min(from 50 to 90 min)and average hospital stay was 8 d(from 7 to 9 d).Average time lying in bed was 7 d(between 6 and 8 d).The symptoms of waist soreness.1umbo-dynia,hematuria,frequent micturition relieved.The follow up time was from 1 2 to 3 6 months with an average of 24 months. In 4 cases of hydronephrosis and calculus,3 cases were cured and 1 case was lightened.One case of repeated urinary tract infection,urinary sediment was normal and irritation symptoms disappeared.For l case with Dietl syndrome,the symptoms of nephric colic,nausea,pal-lor,exhaustion,hematuria disappeared. Conclusion The Polypropylene ventrofixation on twelfth rib might be alternative treatment choice for nephroptosis.