Objective To analyze the survival,brain metastases and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for small cell lung cancer patients after prophylactic cranial irradiation(PCI).Methods From Aug 2007 to Apr 2011,42 small cell lung cancer patients were eligible for analysis.Overall survival rate was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.The HRQOL scores before and after PCI were compared by the nonparameter wilcoxon test.Results The median survival time from the start of PCI was 23 months(95％ CI,15.05-30.95),progression free survival time was 17 months (95％ CI,14.33-19.67),1-,2-and 3-year survival rates were 85.5％,45.8％ and 36.6％,respectively.The median time from PCI to brain metastases was 15 months(95％ CI,12.44-17.56),1-and 2-year brain metastases rates were 77.6％ and 54.1％.PCI had a little influence on HRQOL scales except for cognitive function.Conclusions For patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer who achieve complete or nearly complete remission after initial treatment as well as patients with extensive stage who respond to initial chemotherapy,PCI is effective in decreasing the rate of brain metastasis and improving survival,while the adverse effects is acceptable.There is no significant impact on HRQOL scales during short term.

Objective To investigate the levels of transformation growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) role in the pathogenesis of serum of patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE).Methods Recruited 20 patients with CPFE,40 cases with idiopathic pulmonary interstitial fibrosis (IPF) and 40 cases with emphysema who were admitted to our hospital during July 2011 to February 2012.Serum levels of TGF-β1,VEGF and IGF-Ⅰ were detected by ABC-ELISA.Results Serum levels of TGF-β1 and IGF-Ⅰ were significantly higher in patients with CPFE and IPF than these in patients with emphysema (TGF-β1:(160.73 ± 40.62) ng/L vs.(167.35 ± 42.82) ng/L vs.(128.75 ±35.77) ng/L; IGF-Ⅰ:(179.65 ±60.73) ng/L vs.(192.32 ±58.75) ng/L vs.(148.73 ±49.67) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).The IPF group had significantly higher serum level of VEGF than the emphysema group ((506.12 ±82.37) ng/L vs.(437.31 ±62.58) ng/L,P ＜0.01).Serum levels of TGF-β1 and IGF-Ⅰ in CPFE and emphysema groups were positively correlated (r =0.885,0.918 respectively,P ＜ 0.01).Smokers in the CPFE group had significandy lower level of serum VEGF than those who did no smoke ((406.19 ± 66.94) ng/L vs.(482.88 ± 79.91) ng/L,t =-2.287,P =0.035).Conclusion Serum level of VEGF increased significantly in the IPF group,suggesting the participation of VEGF in pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.IGF-Ⅰ involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.TGF-β1 and IGF-Ⅰ have a positive linear regressive relationship,which indicates that they may work synergistically in the process of the fibrosis.

Objective: To synthesize novel tetrahydroisoquinolines with both anti-fungal and contraceptive activities, so as to provide precursor structures for contraceptives with anit-fungal activities. Methods: 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine was taken as the template and the title compounds were synthesized through Pictet-Spengler reaction, neutralization reaction, substitution, hydrolysis, and acylation. The anti-fungal activity and sperm-killing activity of the target compounds were tested in vitro. Results: Fourteen title compounds were obtained and they were: 2-octyl-6, 7-dimethyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride(1), 2-nonyl-6, 7-dimethyl-1,2, 3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride(2), 2-decyl-6, 7-dimethy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride(3), 2-dodecyl-6, 7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride(4), 2-dodecyl 6, 7-diacetoxy-1, 2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride(5), 2-pentyl-6,7-diacetoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(6), 2-hexyl-6, 7-diacetoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(7), 2-heptyl-6, 7-diacetoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro isoquinoline hydrobromide (8), 2-octyl-6, 7-dimethyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(9), 2-nonyl-6, 7-dimethyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(10), 2-decyl-6, 7-dimethy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(11), 2-dodecyl-6, 7-dihydroxyl 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(12), 2-tetradecyl-6, 7-dihydroxyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(13), and 2-cetyl-6, 7-dihydroxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(14). Compounds 5-14 were firstly reported. It was found that all the 14 compounds had anti-fungal activity and 6 compounds also showed sperm-killing activities, with compounds 11, 12 having the strongest activities. Conclusion: A group of novel compounds with both anti-fungal and contraceptive activities have been synthesized, which provide a precursor structure for developing new contraceptives with anti-fungal activities.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Serum ; metabolism ; Silicosis ; blood ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Osteogenic growth polypeptide (OGP) had clear effect on promoting osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mature. OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of OGP gene, which was transfected into rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and to evaluate the effects of OGP on differentiation of rabbit BMSCs. METHODS: pcDNA3.1-OGP was constructed using gene cloning and recombination techniques. Rabbit BMSCs were transfected with pcDNA3.1-OGP mediated by lipofectamine 2000. The transfection positive cell clones were selected with G418. The expression of OGP gene was detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis on an mRNA level. Differentiation of pcDNA3.1-OGP transfected BMSCs into osteoblast lineage was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The pcDNA3.1-OGP plasmid was constructed successful and OGP expression was detected in rabbit BMSCs. Hydroxyproline content was increased, and alkaline phosphatase activity was also increased. These indicate that pcDNA3.1-OGP transfected BMSCs expressed OGP, and could differentiate into osteoblast lineage.

Objective To compare the analgesia effects of Oxycodone hydrochloride with Sufentanil in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) anesthesia induction. Method Sixty patients scheduled for elective LC, ASAⅠ or Ⅱ , were randomly divided into two groups (30 in each): Oxycodone group (group O) and Sufentanil group (Group S). Induction of anesthesia: group O: Propofol 1.0 ~ 2.0 mg/kg, Oxycodone 0.3 mg/kg, Vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. Group S: Propofol 1.0 ~ 2.0 mg/kg, Sufentanil 0.3 μg/kg and Vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. The value of HR, SBP, DBP of the two groups were recorded in the operation room (T0), after anesthesia induction (T1), 1 min after insertion laryngeal mask (T2), the instant of pneumoperitoneum establishment (T3), separation of the gallbladder (T4), the time of wake up (T5), leave the recovery room (T6). The numeric pain rating scale (NRS) were recorded at T4, T5, 4 hours later (T7), 8 hours later (T8), one day later (T9). Then recorded the wake time and additional analgetic cases. Recorded the adverse reactions. Results The average HR, SBP and DBP fluctuations in the two groups were not more than 20.0 % of the basal values. There was no significant difference in wake time between the two groups. There were 11 cases of patients, the NRS>4, in Sufentanil group requires additional analgesics after they wake up, more than Oxycodone group (P = 0.040). The NRS score was lower in Oxycodone group than group S in T5, T7, T8, T9, but they had no statistically significant difference. There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusion 0.3 mg/kg Oxycodone and 0.3 μg/kg Sufentanil for anesthesia induction of LC, the anesthesia and analgesia effect is good, can satisfy the clinical anesthesia and postoperative analgesic requirements. The analgesic effect of 0.3 mg/kg Oxycodone may be comparable or better than 0.3 μg/kg Sufentanil.

AIM: To observe the expression of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) within the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) and to explore the relationship between the activated CRH-containing neurons and sympathetic activity in rats with heart failure (HF).METHODS: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation to induce HF, and chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion was performed by osmotic pump for 4 weeks.The rats in sham group and HF group were given vehicle (VEH;artificial cerebrospinal fluid 0.25 μL/h).The rats in HF plus treatment group were treated with CRH competitive inhibitor αh-CRH (15 mg/h).Meanwhile, the Lewis rats and Fischer 344 rats for control study also underwent coronary ligation to induce HF or sham surgery.After 4 weeks, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and maximum positive/negative change in pressure over time (±dp/dtmax) were determined.The right ventricular-to-body weight (RV/BW) and lung-to-body weight (lung/BW) ratios were calculated.The renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was recorded and the plasma norepinephrine (NE) level was measured.The expression of CRH in the PVN combined with the plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) levels were measured.RESULTS: Compared with the sham-SD rats, the HF-SD rats had a greater number of CRH positive neurons in the PVN (accordingly the plasma ACTH levels were increased), accompanied by decreased ±dp/dtmax and increased RSNA, plasma NE, LVEDP, lung/BW and RV/BW.However, ICV treatment with αh-CRH attenuated these changes in the HF-SD rats (P<0.05).Compared with the sham-Fisher 344 rats, the HF-Fisher 344 rats also had a greater number of CRH positive neurons in the PVN (accordingly the plasma ACTH levels were increased).In addition, they had significantly increased RSNA and plasma NE level, higher LVEDP, RV/BW and lung/BW, and lower ±dp/dtmax (P<0.05).Compared with the SHAM-Lewis rats, the HF-Lewis rats had not significantly changed in the above parameters.CONCLUSION: In CHF, the CRH-containing neurons in PVN are activated, thus aggravating cardiac function by increasing sympathoexcitation.

BACKGROUND: It is significant to establish a kind of effective, conve nient and reliable animal model of hypertension. At present, dogs, rats and rabbits are usually used to establish hypertensive models at home and abroad, and the renal artery stenosis induced hypertensive models are ex tensively used to research hypertension and its complication for human be ings because they are convenient and reliable, and there are many methods to establish them, but the effects are to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To establish convenient and reliable animal models of ex perimental renal artery stenosis induced hypertension. DESIGN: A randomized grouping design and animal experiment. SETTING: Institute of Cerebrovascular diseases, Medical College Hospital of Qingdao University. MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in Shandong Key Labora tory for Prevention and treatment of Brain Disease from September 2005 to February 2006. Eighty-one healthy Wistar rats divided into 7 groups accord ing to the method of random number table: unilateral renal artery stenosis group (n=18), bilateral renal artery stenosis group (n=17), unilateral renal artery ligation group (n=15), bilateral renal artery ligation group (n=15), uni lateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group (n=6), bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group (n=4) and normal control group (n=6). METHODS: Unilateral renal artery stenosis group: Right renal artery was clamped with miniature silver clip, and left kidney was resected after 12 days. Bilateral renal artery stenosis group: Right renal artery was clamped with miniature silver clip, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Unilateral renal artery ligation group: Right renal artery was ligated with filament, and left kidney was resected after 12 days. Bilateral renal artery ligation group: Right renal artery was ligated with filament, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Unilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group: Right kidney was exposed, and returned to the original place without any treatment, and left kidney was resected af ter 12 days. Bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group: Right kid ney was exposed, and returned to the original place without any treatment, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Normal con trol group: The rats were not given any treatment. The blood pressure and heart rate were determined with RBP-2 hemomanometer for rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The successful rate of model estab lishment, blood pressure and heart rate were observed. RESULTS: Totally 81 rats were used, and 61 of them died, all were in volved in the analysis of results without deletion. ① Blood pressures in the unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis groups and bilateral renal artery ligation group were obviously higher than those in the normal control group and bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group [(138.0 ±36.5), (154.2±11.6), (160.5±0.7), (101.3±17.6), (108.3±5.7) mm Hg]. ② The changes of heart rate in the renal artery stenosis group were unstable, and the heart rates in the unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis groups, bilateral renal artery ligation group, normal control group and bilat eral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group were (367.5±47.2), (420.2 ±47.8), (386.0±4.2), (390.3±42.4), (417.3±27.5) beats per minute, respec tively. ③ The survival rates in the renal artery stenosis groups (22%, 29%) were significantly higher than those in the renal artery ligation groups (0,12%), and it was the highest in the unilateral renal artery stenosis group.CONCLUSION: The method of clamping bilateral renal arteries can establish stable rat models of hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge，attitude and behaviors (KAB) of rural residents. Methods A correlative-descriptive design was used for the study. A cluster sampling of 1952 rural residents aged 18-60 years old in 8 villages of Lantian county was selected. Results The results showed as follows. The total correct rate of knowledge was 50.9%; 43.5% believed that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in China indicated decline of the moral value; 71.3% never use condom when having sex in the past;There were positive relationships between knowledge and attitude,using condoms during sex and using condoms during first sex respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion The attitude and behavior on HIV/AIDS of the rural residents are largely determined by their knowledge.

BACKGROUND:Tracheal injury suture and the development of a new tracheal prosthesis all need to understand the tensile mechanical properties of tracheal cartilage.so as to repair and rebuild tracheal function.Previous researches on the biomechanics of artificial trachea are many reported.while the biomechanics of human tracheal cartilage is reported less.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanical properties of tracheal cartilage using one-dimensional tensile test method.METHODS:Two fresh cadaver specimens of normal human trachea.with the informed consents of their families.were involved.The specimens were thaw at room temperature,and then tracheal cartilage specimens were cut using scalpel into 20 samples at the length of 25 mm,width 5 mm,thickness 1.8-2.2 mm.The 20 tracheal cartilage samples were subjected to one-dimensional tensile test with Shimadzu electronic universal testing machine Japan,at the tensile test speed of 5 mm/min.The tensile maximum load,maximum displacement,maximum stress,maximum strain,elastic modulus and stress-strain curve of the specimens were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The maximum load of human cadaver tracheal cartilage was(60 946±10.377)N,maximumdisplacementwas(1.973±0.159)mm,maximum stresswas(6.229±1.125)Mpa,maximum strainwas(32.825±2.776)%.Tracheal cartilage stress-strain curves was changed along with the index,the initial low slope of the curye was due to the direction of imposed tension was similar with the arrangement of collagen structure,the steep slope represented the tensile strength of collagen.To describe the tracheal cartilage stress-strain relationship in a one-dimensional tension,15 stress-strain data of the tracheal cartilage experimental data adopted polynomial by the least square fitting method,to obtain stress(δ)-strain(ε)relationship forrnula:σ(ε)=-0.111 3e~5+1.602 1e~4-7.821 6e~3+17.995 1e~2+3.624e.It is indicated that tracheal cartilage has a strong capacity to bear Joad and resist deformation,reflecting their viscoelastic mechanical properties of both flexibility and viscosity,supporting that the mechanical properties of cartilage is positively related to cartilage collagen content.