Bacteriophages are viruses that infect microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes and spirochetes.Because of the inherent immunogenicity,genetic plasticity,stability,safety and many other advantages,it has unique potential in vaccine research and development. At present,there are countless researches using it to construct vaccine delivery platforms,mainly including three forms,phage display vaccine,phage DNA vaccine and hybrid phage DNA vaccine,of which the phage display vaccine is the most widely studied. Phage display technology is a novel vaccine preparation technology,which is a molecular biology technology using phage as carrier,integrating foreign polypeptide or protein genes into phage genes and displaying them on the surface of phage in the form of fusion protein. This review mainly elaborated the immunological basis of phage display vaccine,the display system and its application in disease prevention,so as to provide a reference for the development and application of phage display vaccine.

Objective To construct a recombinant M13 phage vaccine targeting the outer membrane protein P6 of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae(NTHi) and evaluate its immunogenicity in order to provide new ideas for further development of NTHi vaccines. Methods The NTHi P6 gene was fused with the vector pMECS Phagemid by gene recombination technique.After packaging and purification, the obtained recombinant P6-M13 phage was prepared into recombinant P6-M13 phage vaccine. The expression of P6-M13 PⅢ fusion protein in the vaccine was detected by Western blot, the vaccine titer was determined by double-layer agar plate method, and the recombinant P6-M13 phage morphology was observed under transmission electron microscope. Ninety 5-week-old BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into PBS group, M13 phage group and recombinant P6-M13 phage vaccine group, 30 for each, and intraperitoneally injected with PBS(500 μL/mouse), M13 phage[1 × 10~(12)pfu/(500 μL·mouse)]and recombinant P6-M13 phage vaccine[1 × 10~(12)pfu/(500 μL·mouse)]on the 0, 14th and28th day, separately. Two weeks after the last immunization, the levels of specific IgG in serum and IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5and IL-17A in spleen lymphocyte culture supernatant were detected by ELISA, and the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes was analyzed by CCK-8. Three weeks after the last immunization, the mice were challenged with 1. 5 × 108cfu/mL NTHi through the nasal cavity. After one week of challenge, the pathological changes of nasal mucosa and lung tissue were observed by HE staining. Four weeks after the last immunization, the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of mice were weighed, the organ coefficients were calculated, and histopathological sections were prepared for pathological observation.Results The recombinant P6-M13 phage could correctly express P6-M13 PⅢ fusion protein with a titer of 5. 5 × 10~(14) pfu/mL,and the recombinant P6-M13 phage with regular morphology was observed under microscope. Compared with M13 phage group and PBS group, the level of serum specific antibody IgG in mice of recombinant P6-M13 phage vaccine group was significantly higher(F = 71. 489, P < 0. 05); the levels of IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 secreted by mouse spleen cells decreased significantly(F = 8. 315, 16. 986, 39. 204 and 6. 291, respectively, each P < 0. 05), while there was no significant difference in IL-17 level among the three groups(F = 0. 863, P > 0. 05); the spleen cell stimulation index increased significantly(F =22. 952, P < 0. 05). After challenge, the nasal mucosa and lung tissue structures of mice in PBS group and M13 phage group were seriously damaged, and inflammatory cells increased, while in the recombinant P6-M13 phage vaccine group, the structures of nasal mucosa and lung tissue were normal with few inflammatory cells. There was no significant difference in the organ coefficients of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of mice in each group(F = 1. 012, 1. 642, 0. 300, 2. 079, and 0. 405, respectively,each P > 0. 05), and no pathological changes were found in the general color morphology and pathological sections of the main organs. Conclusion The constructed recombinant P6-M13 phage vaccine targeting NTHi outer membrane protein P6 can induce effective humoral and cellular immunity in mice with certain immune protection ability and good safety.

Fractal, a mathematics concept, is used to describe an image of self-similarity and scale invariance. Some organisms have been discovered with the fractal characteristics, such as cerebral cortex surface, retinal vessel structure, cardiovascular network, and trabecular bone, etc. It has been preliminarily confirmed that the three-dimensional structure of cells cultured in vitro could be significantly enhanced by bionic fractal surface. Moreover, fractal theory in clinical research will help early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, reducing the patient's pain and suffering. The development process of diseases in the human body can be expressed by the fractal theories parameter. It is of considerable significance to retrospectively review the preparation and application of fractal surface and its diagnostic value in medicine. This paper gives an application of fractal and its theories in the medical science, based on the research achievements in our laboratory.
Biomedical Research ; Bionics ; Fractals ; Humans

Changes in heart rate of fetal is function regulating performance of the circulatory system and the central nervous system, it is significant to detect heart rate of fetus in perinatal fetal. This paper puts forward the fetal heart rate detection method based on short time Fourier transform and blind source separation. First of all, the mixed ECG signal was preprocessed, and then the wavelet transform technique was used to separate the fetal ECG signal with noise from mixed ECG signal, after that, the short-time Fourier transform and the blind separation were carried on it, and then calculated the correlation coefficient of it, Finally, An independent component that it has strongest correlation with the original signal was selected to make FECG peak detection and calculated the fetal instantaneous heart rate. The experimental results show that the method can improve the detection rate of the FECG peak (R), and it has high accuracy in fixing peak(R) location in the case of low signal-noise ratio.
Electrocardiography ; Fetus ; Heart Rate, Fetal ; Humans

Objective To investigate the influence of enteral nutrition (EN) via feeding pump-based continuous infusion (FPBCI) on nutrition support-associated complications in stroke patients. Methods Totally 53 patients were randomized into BPBCI group (n = 28) and control group (bolus feeding) (n = 25 ). The nutrition support-associated complications including bloating, diarrhea, hyperglycemia, and regurgitation-associated low respiratory tract infection were compared between these two groups. Results The incidences of nutrition support-associated complications were significantly lower in BPBCI group than in control group (bloating: 14.3%vs. 64.0%, P=0.0002; diarrhea: 25.0% vs. 52.0%, P=0.0429; hyperglycemia: 17.9% vs. 44.0%, P=0. 0385 ). There was no significant difference in regurgitation-associated lower respiratory tract infection between these two groups (32. 1% vs. 40.0% , P = 0. 5516). Conclusion Compared with conventional bolus feeding,BPBCI may greatly decrease tube-feeding related complications.

Iron deficiency could cause hemoglobin synthesis decrease,and then lead to iron deficiency a-nemia(IDA).The present study has found that incorrect feeding,gastrointestinal disease and deficiency of trace elements are high risks of IDA.Whether febrile seizure is associated with IDA is still controversial.Recent re-search has discovered that infant iron deficiency can lead to poor cognitive inhibitory control,while delayed cord clamping and other measures can effectively prevent IDA in children.Discontinuous complement iron agent can also achieve good effect on treatment.

Choroidal neovascularization(CNV)is one of common causes of vision loss.The pathogenesis and development of CNV are a comprehensive process which is regulated by multiple factors and cytokines.Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)is an inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase and rate limiting enzyme in the prostaglandin biosynthesis pathway.COX-2 plays an important role in neovascularization by modulating vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),migration and apoptosis of endothelial cell.Recently,some experimental studies demonstrated that COX-2 involves in the information of CNV and the inhibitor of COX-2 can suppress CNV.These results provide a new prospect for the prevention and treatment of the CNV.Biological characteristics of COX-2 and its relationship with CNV are reviewed in this article.

Objective To summarize the features of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) examination of mesenteric panniculitis (MP).Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 105 patients with MP who were admitted to the Yangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital between September 2009 and September 2015 were collected.All the patients were diagnosed by MSCT and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR).Observation indicators:(1) imaging features of computed tomography (CT):location,number,shape,size,density,mesenteric vessels and surrounding intestine of the lesions,with or without pseudotumor sign,enlarged fibrous nodules or lymph nodes,pseudocapsule sign,fatring sign,cystolization and calcification;(2) follow-up results.Follow-up using outpatient examination was performed by plain and/or enhanced scans of abdominal CT up to April 2017.Results (1) Imaging features of CT:of 105 patients,77,14 and 14 received respectively plain scans of abdominal CT,plain and enhanced scans of abdominal CT and enhanced scans of abdominal CT.Lesions of 105 patients were located at the mesentery.The single lesion was detected in 79 patients and multiple lesions in 26 patients,with number of lesions of 5-12 per case and total number of 213.All the 105 patients had pseudotumor sign,which showed different size of patchy or mass shadows with clear edge extended from mesentery root to mesenteric vessels;most long axes extended from mesentery root to jejunum in the left lumbar region;the homogeneous or heterogeneous mesenteric fat density was increased,and CT value was higher than that of normal retroperitoneal adipose tissues;fog-like mesentery showed less obvious enhancement by enhanced scan and mesenteric vessels were wrapped around.The cord-like,round or oval fibrous tissue nodules and/or enlarged lymph nodes were found in 100 patients.All the 105 patients had pseudocapsule sign.The density ring of soft tissues of different thickness was found,with a clear boundary between leading-and trail-edges and normal abdominal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues;most membranes extended to left lumbar region,thicker and thinner membranes were respectively located at the anterior and posterior areas and right side,and parts of membranes were absence.The fatring sign was detected in 71 patients,there were ring-like hypodense shadows around the mesenteric vessels and fibrous tissue nodules or lymph nodes.Cystolization and calcification were found in 2 and 2 patients.Thirty-eight patients had surrounding intestinal canal translocation.(2) Follow-up results:55 patients were followed up for 1.0-57.0 months,with an average time of 14.7 months.Of 55 patients,26 had stable lesions and no obvious changes;4 returned to normal due to complete absorption of lesions;19 were improved due to partial absorption of lesions;6 had lesions progressions.Conclusion The features of MSCT examination of MP include pseudotumor sign,pseudocapsule sign and fatring sign.

Objective To compare the antiviral efficacy and economics between lamivudine and entecavir in patients with low preoperative HBV replication after liver transplantation. Methods Liver transplantation patients from 2006 July to 2013 July were selected for being studied prospectively. Statistically evaluated between entecavir and lamivudine efficacy by the analysis of postoperative follow-up of seroconversion and HBV reinfection. Results The cumulative overcast rate of entecavir group was 98.04% one month after transplatation. And 3 of 51 cases were reinfected with average turn time of 9.73 days. Meanwhile , the cumulative overcast rate of Lamivudine group was 100% and 3 of 26 cases were reinfected with average turn time of 5.11 days. There are no statistical differences between the two groups accumulation rate , reinfection rates , as well as cumulative infection rates. Conclusion In the cases of low hepatitis B virus replication before liver transplantation, Entecavir and Lamivudine have the similar effect of preventing HBV reinfection after operation. Compared with the cost of Entecavir group, Lamivudine is more economy.