Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from 10 cities of China, and to provide reference for the formulation of treatment guideline and making control strategy. Methods Agar dilution was used to detect antimicrobial susceptibility and acidometric method for PPNG testing. Results A total of 3186 gonococcal isolates were tested from 1993 to 1998. The resistant rate for penicillin was 66.70％ . PPNG isolates accounted for 8.14％ . Tetracycline－ resistant isolates accounted for 93.02％ , and high level tetracycline－ resistant isolates (TRNG) accounted for 4.65％ . The resistant rate for ciprofloxacin was also high (34.25％ ). The resistant rates for spectinomycin and ceftriaxone were 0.44％ and 0.57％ respectively. Conclusions The gonococcal isolates are highly resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, while still sensitive to spectinomycin and ceftriaxone. These results suggest that the present treatment for gonorrhea can still be used.

The multiple primary carcinoma (MPC) is defined as more than 2 or up carcinomas occured with in same or multiple organs in an individual.Along with the science development and advancement of human society,the life-span of human being has been prolonged,and more of MPC are identified.But the misdiagnosis of MPC as the metastases of primary tumors or missed diagnosis will mislead therapeutic regimens and exacerbate the diseases.Therefore,the accurate differentiation of MPC is becoming increasingly important.This article mainly reviews the epidemiology,diagnostic criteria,etiology,frequent sites of involvement,classification,and diagnostic protocols of MPC.

Objective To develop a headspace GC method for simultaneously determining the residual organic solvents Ethanol, Diethyl ether, Acetone, Dichloromethane, Ethyl acetate, and Tetrahydrofuran in Nalmefene Hydrochloride. Methods Samples dissolved in DMF and six organic residual organic solvents were separated on a DB 624 capillary column (30.0 m×0.32 mm,1.8μm) with a FID detector. The inlet temperature was 220℃and the FID detector temperature was 250℃. The column temperature rose by program:the initial temperature was 35℃, maintained for 8 min, raise to 180cwith a rate of 30℃/min, maintained for 5 min. The heated temperature of the headspace oven was 80℃, the heated time lasted 30 min, and the injection volume was 1.0 mL. Results Six residual orgamic solvents, including Ethanol, Diethyl ether, Acetone, Dichloromethane, Ethyl acetate, and Tetrahydrofuran in Nalmefene Hydrochloride were completely separated. It was appeared to present a good linearity within the experimental concentration. The limit of detection for Ethanol, Diethyl ether, Acetone, ichloromethane, Ethyl acetate, and Tetrahydrofuran were 0.25,0.076,0.15,0.55,0.26 and 0.30μg?mL-1.The method has a good average recovery. Conclusion The method is proved to be accurate and sensitive after validation. It is suitable to determine the residual orgamic solvents in Nalmefene Hydrochloride .

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of laparoscopic and open radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer patients.Methods Seventy-two gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic or open radical gastrectomy were enrolled in this study.Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy group had 38 cases,open radical gastrectomy group had 32 cases.The operating time,length of incision,bleeding volume during operation,postoperative hospital stay and the level of C reactive protein were compared.Results All patients were performed operation successfully.No patient transferred open operation in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy group.No death because of operation.The patients in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy group took longer operating time,but shorter length of incision,less bleeding volume during operation,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).But the number of clearing lymph nodes between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with open radical gastrectomy group,the patients in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy group had shorter exhaust time,early out-of-bed activity,shorter postoperative hospital stay,lower rate of complication,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The level of C reactive protein before operation had no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05),and level of C reactive protein had the tendency of improve previously and decrease lately.The level of C reactive protein in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy group was significantly lower than that in open radical gastrectomy group at the postoperative 1st,3rd,5th day[(9.33 ± 0.27) mg/L vs.(11.29 ± 0.42) mg/L,(7.16 ± 0.18) mg/L vs.(9.87±0.65) mg/L,(4.38 ±0.41) mg/Lvs.(6.97±0.51) mg/L](P＜0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy is useful in treating gastric cancer for it's advantage of better security,better effectiveness,quicker recover and less trauma.

Objective To probe the relationship on TCM syndromes and related index of metabolic syndrome.Methods 1124 people who receive physical examination were undertaken TCM syndrome differentiation,and five viscera syndromes,the deficiency syndromes,excess syndromes,cold and heat syndromes were found.The relations between TCM syndromes and waist circumference,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein,blood pressure,fasting blood glucose were studied.Results ①The deficiency syndrome groups and the groups of metabolic syndrome related index by clustering analysis had a higher consistency.②Discriminated analysis demonstrated waist circumference,high-density lipoprotein,and diastolic blood pressure could be used to determine liver syndrome.Blood sugar could be used to determine kidney syndrome.Waist could distinguish blood deficiency syndrome.Blood glucose and systolic blood pressure could distinguish Yin deficiency syndrome.Systolic blood pressure could determine Qi stagnation syndrome.Siastolic blood pressure could determine heat syndrome.The liver syndrome group and the actual liver syndrome group had higher consistency by discriminated analysis.After establishing the discriminated equation,total correct rate of distinguishing were 57.3％,67.1％,63.8％,61.5％,52.4％,47.2％.③Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that blood glucose had diagnostic significance to renal syndrome.The area under the curve was 0.562.Triglycerides,blood glucose,blood pressure had diagnostic significance to Yin deficiency syndrome.The areas under the curve were 0.541,0.556,0.580 and 0.569.Waist circumference,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein had diagnostic significance to moisture syndrome.The areas under the curve were 0.622,0.609 and 0.605.Diastolic blood pressure had diagnostic significance to heat syndrome.The area under the curve was 0.544.Conclusion By the multifarious analytical methods,we can see that syndromes have more contacts to related index of metabolic syndrome.

Objective To explore the clinical signifcance of changes of serum Ang Ⅱ,hs-CRP and BNP levels and the relationship with atrial fibrillation(AF),and the risk factors of AF recurrence.Methods 100 patients with AF were selected in this study,and they were divided into two groups:paroxysmal atrial fibrillation group (n =54),durative atrial fibrillation group(n =46),and 50 healthy subjects were selected as control.The levels of serum Ang Ⅱ,BNP were detected by radioimmunoassay,and hs-CRP was detected by immunoturbidimetry.Results The levels of Ang Ⅱ,hs-CRP and BNP in atrial fibrillation patients were significantly increased as compared to control group (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of Ang Ⅱ,hs-CRP in the durative atrial fibrillation group were higher than those in the paroxysmal atrial fibrillation group.The levels of serum Ang Ⅱ,hs-CRP were positively correlated with serum BNP level (r =0.563,0.678,all P ＜0.01).The level of serum Ang Ⅱ was positively correlated with serum hs-CRP level(r =0.626,P ＜ 0.01).Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that hs-CRP and BNP were the important risk factors of atrial fibrillation recurrence[OR value =2.42,95％ CI(1.84 ～ 5.26) ;OR value =2.14,95％ CI(1.37 ～.86)].Conclusion The serum AngⅡ,hs-CRP and BNP may play important roles in the development of AF.hs-CRP and BNP may be the independent risk factors of AF.The detection of hs-CRP and BNP may be related to recurrence prognosis in patients with AF.

Multi-disciplinary modality treatment is the optimal therapeutic strategy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). Recently, molecular targeted agents have been tested in this setting. Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the major therapeutic target because of its universally high expression in SCCHN. As a human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody, cetuximab is the only molecular targeted agent approved in SCCHN. As compared with radiotherapy alone, radiotherapy in combination with cetuximab was proved to improve progression-free and overall survival in patients with locally advanced SCCHN. However, randomized comparison between radiotherapy plus cetuximab and conventional concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is limited in term of efficacy and toxicity. Although RTOG 0522 study demonstrated it is ineffective to combine cetuximab with CCRT, the optimal chemotherapy agent partner with cetuximab warrants further investigation. For other anti-EGFR inhibitors, how to wisely design pertinent clinical studies based on available evidence is the key for success.

Objective To explore the relationships between Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNFα,1L-6,adiponectin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.Methods 80 T2DM patients and 40 healthy controls were recruited.Levels of serum TNF-α,IL-6,adiponectin,plasma glucose,insulin and BMI were measured.Insulin resistance was evaluated by HOMA-IR.Results The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in T2DM group were significantly higher than that in control group(all P＜0.05);The levels of adiponeetin in T2DM group was significantly lower than that in control group(P＜0.05).The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were positively correlated with HOMA-IR(P＜0.05),adiponeetin was egatively correlated nwith HOMA-IR(P＜0.01).Conclusion TNF-α,IL-6 and adiponectin were closely related with insulin resistance,and should take parts in development of T2DM.

Thiazolidinedione (TZD) is a powerful insulin sensitizer in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It acts as a ligand to the nuclear receptor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) and induces transcription of PPARγ responsive genes. TZD controls lipid synthesis and storage in adipose tissue, liver and many other tissues through PPARγ. Derivatives of TZD, such as rosiglitazone (Avandia) and pioglitazone (Actos), are more powerful than metformin or berberine in insulin sensitization. Although they have common side effects such as weight gain and edema, these did not influence the side effects in general. However, recent findings of risk for congestive heart failure and bladder cancer have indeed significantly impaired their future in many countries. European countries have prohibited those drugs and in 2011, US will terminate application of rosiglitazone in clinics and hospitals. The multiple country actions may mark the end of TZD era. As a result, there is a strong demand for identification of TZD substitute in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this regard, literature about PPARγ ligands and potential TZD substitute are reviewed in this article. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor is emphasized as a new class of insulin sensitizer here. Regulators of SIRT1, CREB, NO, p38, ERK and Cdk5 are discussed in the activation of PPARγ.