Pulmonary vascular disease is a group of diseases,defined as the dysfunction of pulmonary artery,pulmonary vein and pulmonary capillary.Pulmonary vascular disease includes pulmonary hypertension,pulmonary vascular malformation,pulmonary vasculitis and pulmonary vascular thrombosis,et al.The manifestations of pulmonary vascular disease vary from recurrent wheezing,respiratory tract infection,short of breath and hemoptysis,et al.With the development of radiography investigations,the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease is improved.Pulmonary vascular disease in children is not uncommon therefore we should focus on it.

Wheezing in children is a common problem.Approximately 30 percent of infants will have at least one wheezing episode.Although asthma is the condition most commonly associated with wheezing,the high prevalence of wheezing as a common presenting complaint requires consideration of a broad and age-dependent differential diseases.A high index of suspicion of cardiovascular anatomic anomalies should be maintained in infants and children with recurrent wheezing and minimal improvement despite reasonable treatment.Compression of the pediatric airway is a relatively common and often unrecognized complication of a variety of cardiovascular diseases.The most common congenital anomalies associated with airway compression are the vascular rings.Vascular ring abnormalities are aortic arches abnormalities,aberrant left pulmonary artery (pulmonary sling) or aberrant i nnominate artery (innominate artery syndrome).Aortic arches abnormalities include double aortic arch,right/left sided aortic arch with ligamentum arteriosum and aberrant left subclavian artery or cervical aortic arch.Other rare reasons could cause the compression of airway are absent pulmonary valve,aneurysm,left atrial enlargement or massive cardiomegaly.Imaging techniques are usually required for diagnosis.First-tier evaluation of the child with recurrent wheeze should include a chest radiograph.Echocardiography,multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are performed as the diagnostic pathway.Bronchoscopy is currently the techniques to assess the degree of bronchial malacia and narrowing in pre-operation.Treatment of these abnormalities usually is surgical.

Hemoptysis,defined as the expectoration of blood or blood-tinged sputum from the lower respiratory tract has to be differentiated from hematemesis and other anatomic site of bleeding.In pediatric patients with hemoptysis,no definite classification correlating severity with blood loss exists.Thus,clinical judgment is the primary tool that clinicians have in assessing the severity of hemoptysis in children.Infection is one of the most common etiologies for hemoptysis in children; however,cystic fibrosis was the most common cause of pediatric hemoptysis in the European countries.Hemoptysis is not a common chief complaint in pediatric patients unless massive hemoptysis.The causes of massive hemoptysis in children are bronchial adenoma,bronchial foreign body and vascular abnormalities.Vascular abnormalities is rare cause of hemoptysis,but one of the common cause of massive hemoptysis,including pulmonary arteriovenous malformation,absent pulmonary valve,aberrant systemic artery supplying.As one of aberrant systemic artery supplying,bronchial artery-pulmonary artery malformation cause life-threatening hemoptysis.The aim of imaging evaluation is to identify the source of bleeding along with determination of the primary cause of hemoptysis.The initial management option for bronchial artery-pulmonary artery malformation is bronchial artery embolization.Surgery is alternative option.The patients with bronchial artery-pulmonary artery malformation usually have massive hemoptysis,which can quickly progress to acute respiratory distress and shock.Therefore these children require emergency procedures to stabilize.

OBJECTIVE: According to the holism in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, this manuscript explores the relativity of pathogenesis among hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia.DATA SOURCES: We applied computer to search articles in English on pathogenesis ofhypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia in Medline between January 1985 and December 2004 by words "hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipemia, pathogenesis" .Besides, we also used computer to search articles in Chinese on pathogenesis of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia in Chinese magazine full text database between January 1990 and December 2004 by words "hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipemia, pathogenesis".STUDY SELECTION: Primarily, articles on pathogenesis of hypertension,diabetes and hyperlipemia were selected in TCM and modern medicine respectively. Accepted standard were: ① Random control clinic test with methods of single blind, double blind or no blind; ② Nonrandom control test;③ Fore-and-aft control test; ④ Chapter in monograph. Eliminated standard:repeated research.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 28 articles on pathogenesis of hypertension,diabetes and hyperlipemia were found in TCM and modern medicine, however, 12 articles were selected according to accepted standard, and 16 articles were eliminated due to repeated content.DATA SYSTHESIS: Totally 12 selected articles were analyzed on pathogeneses of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia in TCM and modern medicine, and hinted internal affiliation of these three diseases from view of molecular biology.CONCLUSION: These three diseases can be regarded as a whole entity for study. High blood pressure, high blood sugar and high lipemia could be treated as different forms of the entity or in different developing courses of the whole. In a certain course it might present as one of the forms specifically. It might manifest high blood pressure mainly in clinic, or high blood sugar, or high lipemia,also several forms at the same time. It will be beneficial to take the holism and visceral theory in TCM for reference in research of modern medicine.

Exogenous gonadotropins are widely used in controlled ovarian stimulation (COH) for patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF),because of the effect of follicle maturation and ovulation.Except for environmental factors such as age and ovarian reserve,genetic variability seems also to be a key factor in determining the ovarian response to the exogenous gonadotropins.In this review, the reason for the interindividual difference in ovarian resoponse as well as the influence of the genetic polymorphisms of FSHR and ESR on COH and IVF outcome has been summarized.

Nowadays,aging is the general trend of population development in the world.Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the elderly.Because of the atypical symptoms and signs,accompaniment of chronic cardiovascular disease and vulnerability to low blood glucose in the elder patients with diabetes,we should to make safe,effective,and individualized therapeutic programs for them.This paper will review the current prevalence,characteristics,and oral drug selection among elderly individuals with T2DM.

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of piplartine on the proliferation and apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells line and the mechanism involved .Methods Human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells line was cultured in vitro .The inhibitory effect of piplartine on the proliferation of MDA‐MB‐231 cells was measured by CCK‐8 assay after treatment with piplartine at different concentrations .The apoptosis rates were measured by flow cytometry .Western blot was used to explore the effect of piplartine on MDA‐MB‐231 cells Bcl‐2 and Bax protein expression .Results The CCK‐8 assay showed that piplartine had an inhibiting effect on the proliferation of MDA‐MB‐231 cells in a concentration and time dependent manner .Piplar‐tine induced apoptosis of MDA‐MB‐231 cells obviously .The antioxidant N‐acetyl‐L‐cystein inhibited the apoptosis of cells .By Western blot analysis ,we found the expression of Bax was up‐regulated whereas that of Bcl‐2 was down‐regulated in a concentration dependent manner .Conclusion Piplartine possesses a significant function for inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of MDA‐MB‐231 cells ,and its mechanism would be associated with the down regulation of Bcl‐2 and up regulation of Bax .

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative disease of the basal ganglia which caused tremor at rest, muscle rigidity and hypokinesia. The exact cause of PD is not clear so far, but what can be certain is that it has something to do with many factors. Administration of drugs is the major therapy for patients all over the world at present. This article introduces the characteristics of most of the drugs used in PD, as well as the trend of PD’s drug therapy.

Objective To study the influence of Orem self-care theory on postpartum quality of life and role change of parturients with natural labor. Methods 100 parturients with natural labor in our hospital from May 2010 to July 2011 were selected as research object,and they were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 50 cases in each group,the control group was taken care with routine nursing methods,the observation group was given with nursing according to Orem self-care theory.Then the SCL-90 score,situation of role change and satisfaction degree of two groups before nursing and on the second and fifth days after nursing were analyzed and compared. Results The SCL-90 score of the observation group after the nursing on second and fifth days was all lower than those of the control group,the better rate of role change was higher than that of the control group,patients'satisfaction degree was higher than that of the control group. Conclusions The Orem self-care theory plays an important role in improving the quality of life and role change of parturients with natural labor after delivery,and it can significantly improve satisfaction degree of parturients.

AIM:To discuss the relationship between molecular biology and modernization of Chinese materia medica(CMM)with the hope that molecular biology may play an important role in promoting modernization of CMM.METHODS:The currentsituation and progress in using the theoy and technique of molecular biology in the research fields of CMM were reviewed. RESULTS:The technique of modern molecular biology, such as, the identification of crude drugs, the culture and production of medicinal plants,the screening of effective components from CMM and the analysis of the mechanisms of the action of CMM, has been applied in the research work of CMM.CONCLUSION: The extensive use of the technique of molecular biology in the research of CMM will greatly promote the modernization of it.The research workers and policy makers in these fields must pay close attention to them.