Maxillary first molar with twin-root canal in palatal side is rare. This article described two cases of maxillary first molar with twin-root canal. A properly designed and prepared access of the cavity is helpful for the diagnosis and negotiation of the root canal morphology.
Dental Pulp Cavity ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Root Canal Therapy

Fractalkine is a new member of chemokine family, which exists in membrane-boundd form and soluble form. It has both adhesion molecular and chemokine activities. CX3 CR1 is its specific receptor. Both of them were expressed in many diseases of the nervous system. At present, fractalkine and its receptor CX3CR1 polymorphism and the research of cerebrovascular diseases mainly involve in the risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and bone marrow stem cell transplantion, which are expected to become a new target for clinical treatment.

Objective To compare the effect of different nickel-titanium rotary files on fracture resistance of teeth by observing status of dentinal microcracks after root canal preparation with.Methods 6 5 mandibular anterior teeth with single oval canal were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=20)and a control group (n=5),SAF、ProTaper Universal and ProTaper Next system were used to prepare root canal in experimental groups,while the control group were left unprepared.Roots were sectioned from 3,6,9 mm to the apex,its status of dentinal microcracks was evaluated under a stereomicroscope.Results Root fracture inci-dence rate of group ProTaper Universal was significantly higher than that of group SAF and group ProTaper Next (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in incidence rate of dentinal microcracks between group SAF and group ProTaper Next (P>0.05).Conclusion Roots with oval shaped canal prepared with SAF and ProTaper Next produce less dentinal microc-racks,which decrease risk of vertical root fracture.

Objective: To investigate the effect of HMGB1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1A, and itspossible molecular mechanism. Methods: Lentivirus vector with HMGB1 shRNA was constructed and infected the endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1A. After viral infection for 72 h, real time PCR and Western blot were performed to investigate HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression. The cell proliferation was determined with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cell cycle progression of propidium iodide (PI)-stained HEC-1A cells and the apoptotic rate of annexinV/PI-stained cells. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of AKT, pAKT and CyclinD1. Results: Lentivirus vector with HMGB1 shRNA inhibited the mRNA (P<0.05) and protein (P<0.01) expression of HMGB1 in the cell line HEC-1A. The MTT assay demonstrated that HMGB1 knockdown signiifcantly reduced the cell proliferation. FCM results showed that HMGB1 knockdown significantly resulted in the disruption of the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and the induction of apoptosis. hTe apoptotic rate was (17.89±0.23)%, (4.69±0.20)% and (4.62±0.17)% in the HMGB1 knockdown group, the blank group and the negative group respectively. There was signiifcance difference between the 3 groups (P<0.01). hTe protein expressions of pAKT and cyclinD1 were down-regulated atfer the HMGB1 knockdown for 72 h. Conclusion: Knockdown of HMGB1 expression can significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1A. PI3K/AKT pathway and down-regulation of the protein expression of cyclinD1 may be involved in its therapeutic mechanism.

This article summarizes the commonly-used acupuncture and moxibustion therapies, such as acupuncture therapy, moxibustion therapy, auriculo-acupuncture therapy,acupoint-injection therapy, electro-acupuncture therapy, acupoint-application therapy and the comprehensive therapy, in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and explores the possible mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating diabetes mellitus from the influence of acupuncture and moxibustion on levels of the blood sugar level, insulin, blood lipid, blood rheology, anti-peroxide, the contents of cAMP and cGMP, and the activity of Na+ -K+/ATPase.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological status and risk factors in hypertensive disorder during pregnancy in Pudong New Area in Shanghai. Methods The retrospective study analyzed data of 4 056 maternal residents in the region from 2009 to 2012. The prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was analyzed. The related factors for the hypertensive disorder during pregnancy were evaluated by multivariate unconditional logistic analysis. Results The in-cidence of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy was 5.18%, including gestational hypertension 2.49%, preeclampsia-mild 0.64%, preeclampsia-severe 1.85%, eclampsia 0.05%and pregnancy with chronic hypertension 0.15%. The multivari-ate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the advanced age (OR=7.610, OR95%CI:2.322-24.936), the high body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy (OR=120.715,OR 95%CI:61.867-235.540) and the excessively increased BMI during pregnancy (OR=16.219,OR 95%CI:6.219-42.316) were risk factors for hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. Conclusion The risk factors for hypertensive disorder during pregnancy are advanced age, the high BMI before pregnancy and the excessively increased BMI during pregnancy. The hypertensive disorder during pregnancy has no relation with the number of pregnancies.

BACKGROUND:Laryngeal cartilage defect has a higher incidence, mainly presenting with pain, sweling, and dysfunction after onset. Currently, surgical treatment is the most used in clinical treatment of laryngeal cartilage defect. Although conventional materials can effectively improve symptoms, there is a poor long-term efficacy. In recent years, there are many clinical studies on cartilage tissue engineering, but less about the actual use in the otorhinolaryngology department.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer carrying chondrocytes on the repair of alogeneic laryngeal cartilage defects.
METHODS:Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHH) served as the extracelular matrix. Tissue engineering technology was used to prepare cel-material composite. Primary tissue-engineered cartilage tissue was transplanted directly into rabbit thyroid cartilage defect (experimental group A), or implanted into a more mature tissue-engineered cartilage for the repair of thyroid cartilage defect (experimental group B). In the experiment, PHBHH group and simple chondrocyte group were set as controls. Repairing effects on thyroid cartilage defect were evaluated through gross and histological observation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Chondrocytes in the primary tissue-engineered cartilage tissues were beaded under scanning electron microscope, and after 4 weeks of culture, a large amount of jely-shaped substrates were visible. Findings from electron microscope observation showed that the cels were distributed on the surface of composite material and cavernous voids, displaying a plurality of smal round projections. Surgical treatment was successful in al the rabbits, and there was no dyspnea and eating difficulties after surgery. One rabbit appeared to have brief wheezing in the experimental group A, two rabbits died of diarrhea in the experimental B group at 2 weeks after surgery. PHBHH composite carrying chondrocytes had certain hardness. At 4 weeks after subcutaneous implantation, mature cels were shaped as white sheets, and the material had elasticity. After 4 and 8 weeks, the space between repair zone and original cartilage tissue was smooth and plain, but the repair zone was colored yelow. In the simple PHBHH and chondrocyte groups, the repair zones were both depressed, only the connective tissues could be seen. Rabbits in the two experimental groups showed less adverse reactions compared with the two control groups (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that PHBHH composite carrying chondrocytes has better effects to repair alogeneic laryngeal cartilage defects.

Objective　To investigate the feasibility of hypocaloric nutrition support in elderly patients.Methods　Sixteen elderly patients ( ＞ 85 years) were treated with hypocaloric nutrition for 4 weeks. The calorie intake was 75-96 kJ·kg-1·d -1 , including 44％ -59％ of carbohydrates ( 137-207 g·d -1 ) , 26％ -42％ of lipids (40-67 g·d-1) , and 14％-16％ of proteins (0.7-0.9 g·kg-1·d-1). Nonprotein calorie-to-nitrogen ratio was 131∶1-150∶1. After 4 weeks of treatment, changes in blood routine test, biochemistry, and clotting function were compared with those before hypocaloric nutrition support. Results　After hypocaloric nutrition support, the plasma proteins, blood fats, and lymphocytes in these 16 elderly patients were well maintained, and no obvious adverse effect on clotting function or liver/kidney functions was observed. Conclusion　Hypocaloric nutrition support is safe and effective for elderly patients who are older than 85 years.

Methods involved in the treatment of malignant tumor are surgical therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Although some effects have been showed in tumor therapy, the limits of single use of those methods can not be avoided. Therefore, combined therapy has been pursued in order to achieve better results. The effects of those combined methods such as chemotherapy combined with cytokine, chemotherapy combined with tumor vaccine, chemotherapy combined with adjuvants have been approved both experimentally and clinically. These results, in some extent, will provide us a new way to fight against tumor.

The current situation of education in biomedical engineering in China is introduced.The necessity of training innovative talents is analyzed.The exploration and practice in talents training are introduced including personnel training modes,construction of experiment base,reform of teaching methods and material,training of teachers,participation of scientific research,etc.