BACKGROUND: Effect of exercise training on ultrastructure of skeletal muscle is a focus of quantified cytobiology in sports medicine. OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of transportation function of calcium ion in sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle in the model of reduced training after endurance training. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized animal trial was performed at Xi'an Sports Institute from April to July 2006, and the biochemical test was performed at the Animal Experimental Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University in July 2006. MATERIALS: Thirty-nine healthy 2-month-old male SD weighing (220?20) g were selected. METHODS: Five rats were used in the preliminary experiment, and the others were randomly divided to normal control group (n=8), endurance training group (n=8) and reduced training group (n=18). The increasing training period of endurance training group and reduced training group lasted for 6 weeks, and then reduced training group was randomly divided to 3 groups according to reduced training cycle: 2, 4 and 6 weeks group. The rats did increasing endurance loading exercise on a treadmill, while reduced intensity was used in reduced training group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Enzyme coupling method and fluorescence probe technology were used to detect sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) and maximum Ca2+ uptake and release of gastrocnemius muscle. RESULTS: The activity of Ca2+-ATPase in endurance training group was significantly increased compared with normal control group (P 0.05); reduced training 4 and 6 weeks groups were significantly reduced compared with endurance training group (P 0.05); while the maximum uptake and release of Ca2+ in sarcoplasmic reticulum of reduced training 4 and 6 weeks group was significantly reduced (P

BACKGROUND:The androgen response to resistance exercise is one of hot topics in sports science research. At present, the androgen responses to resistance exercise show different results. There are different androgen changing trends under different resistance exercise interventions.
OBJECTIVE:To have a deep insight into the influence of resistance exercise on the response of human body androgen, clarify research progress in androgen response to resistance exercise, and provide the basic theory for monitoring resistance training.
METHODS:Literatures and paper reports about androgen response to resistance exercise are electronical y retrieved from the American Biological Medical Literature Database PubMed from 1986 and 2013. Final y 46 literatures addressing the research progress is analyzed about androgen responses to resistance exercise were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Studies have shown that, weight lifting (power snatch and power clean), squating, and deadlifting produced higher testosterone levels than the smal muscle groups. Under the same load, eccentric and concentric contractions produced the same hormone response. Adequate training amount and intensity may change the circulating testosterone levels. Short sports intermittent time led to a higher testosterone response than the long intermittent time. The free testosterone levels in youth group were significantly increased compared with the older group before and after exercise. Nutrition intervention affected acute testosterone responses to resistance exercise. Changes in exercise intensity and amount wil alter quiet testosterone levels, once returned to normal training, testosterone levels wil return to baseline values. Resistance exercise can increase androgen receptor content in human skeletal muscles.

AlM: To investigate the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy ( DR) in type 2 diabetes patients.METHODS:A total of 380 cases of type 2 diabetes were selected from January 2014 to June 2014, divided into DR group (126 cases) and non-diabetic retinopathy ( NDR) as control group (254 cases), all patients were underwent medical history, physical examinations, laboratory and assistance examinations. The prevalence and single factor and multiple factors of DR were analysed by the logistic regression model.RESULTS: The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that DR was associated with diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low - density lipoprotein, urine protein, intraocular pressure, carotid intima - media thickness, peripheral neuropathy disease was the related risk factors for DR. ln multiple logistic regression analysis, only duration was the related risk factors for DR.CONCLUSlON:The occurrence of DR is the outcome of combined action of multiple factors, duration is an independent risk factor for occurrence of DR.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is a common condition among the old,which remains a main cause of death due to its high fatality.Airway remodeling is one of its pathological features.This article reviews the pathological changes and imageological assessment of COPD airway remodeling,its correlation with microbes and its pathogenesis and therapies.

Objective Cerebral infarction is a main disease threatening human health and the recurrence of cerebral infarction is more inclined to cause disability and death.The article aimed to explore the influence of total sleeping time on the recurrence of cerebral infarction.Methods According to the criteria, 70 cases of cerebral infarction patients who hospitalized in our hospital from March 2016 to November 2016 were selected to undergo polysomnography (PSG) and were divided into two groups according to medical history: original group and recurrence group.Another 20 simultaneous outpatients who had no significant diseases to undergo PSG were chosen as the control group.Data were collected on all the individual''s total sleeping time (TST), gender and age.Hypothesis testing and logistic related analysis were applied in data analysis.Results The TST of recurrence group was shorter than those of the original group and the control group (P<0.05), among which the TST of the original group is shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05), both representing significant difference.Multiple regression analysis showed that TST was an independent risk factor for the recurrence of cerebral infarction and that the risk of recurrence of cerebral infarction increased with the lack of TST.Conclusion The shortening of TST may increase the risk of the recurrence of cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the expression of estrogen receptor ? (ER? ) mRNA and its significance in endometrial carcinoma. Methods Thirty six normal and 45 cancer tissue samples of endometrium were obtained, and the RNA was isolated from the tissues by the acid guanidium thiocyanate phenol chloroform extraction method. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) was used to amplify the ER? exon 5 wild type mRNA (ER? WT) and splicing variant mRNA (ER? E5SV). Electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction product was performed and the ratio of ER? E5SV/ER? WT was calculated. The sequencing of ER? E5SV and ER? WT was carried out by express DNA sequencer. Results ER? E5SV and ER? WT were both expressed in normal endometrium and endometrial cancer tissues. A region of 139 bp from base pair 812 to 950 (the hormone binding domain) was found to be deleted in ER? E5SV sequence as compared to ER? WT. The quantity of ER? E5SV was more than that of ER? WT in every normal endometrium, and was less in every endometrial cancer, the ratio of ER? E5SV/ER? WT was 2 47?0 99 in normal endometrium, and 0 55?0 12 in endometrial cancer ( P

Medical mycology,a branch of mycology,mainly involves studies on various kinds of pathogenic fungi and fungal infective diseases. With the rapid development of medicine science,medical mycology has drawn great attention from all over the world.China has made substantial contribution to the research of medical mycology in recent years.This article summarized the current status of medical mycology research in China.

Objective To explore the value of radiography in diagnosis of early congenital syphilis and follow-up after treatment. Methods Seven cases of early congenital syphilis of the bone confirmed by serology and radiography in our outpatient in the past six years were retrospectively analyzed.Results Bone abnormalities,including metaphysitis,periostitis and osteomyelitis were identified in all of seven cases.Metaphysitis and periostitis were found in seven cases.Osteomyelitis was identified in two cases.After treat-ment,lesions of the long bones were restored rapidly,which took three months for a patient with metaphysitis,and the longest time for entire recovery for a patient with osteomyelitis took nine months after treatment.Conclusion High incidence of skeletal abnor-malities can be identified in infants with early congenital syphilis,the characteristic radiographic manisfestations are very useful for the diagnosis,assessment of the extent of lesions,treatment planning and follow-up evaluation.

The plasmids pBR322 and RSF1010, extracted from E.coli HB802 and E. coli C600 respectively were treated with restrictive endonuclease EcoRI and ligated with T4 DNA ligase. C600 strains were then transformed with the hybrid plasmid, and thus 253 transformants were obtained.The figures of gel elctrophoresis and electromicrograph proved that PSMM1 was a pBR322 : RSF1010 composite hybrid.In E. coli C600 PSMM1 obtained resistance against AP, Tc and Sm.The orientation of pBR322 and RSF1010 in hybrid PSMM1 and the failure of introduction of this hybrid into P.Putida AC10 were discussed

Objective To explore the influence of subclinical epileptiform discharge(SED) on mathematics cognitive function. Methods Using event-related potential (ERP) detection method by stimulation of mathematical operation,11 patients with benign epilepsy of children with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS group),who treated with Valproate sodium (VPA) and clinical seizures got under control,but had frequent SED,and 11 normal children (NC group) were detected. The results were analysed. Results Compared with NC group,the P3 latencies of all leads in BECTS group were significantly prolongation (all P