BACKGROUND:The androgen response to resistance exercise is one of hot topics in sports science research. At present, the androgen responses to resistance exercise show different results. There are different androgen changing trends under different resistance exercise interventions.
OBJECTIVE:To have a deep insight into the influence of resistance exercise on the response of human body androgen, clarify research progress in androgen response to resistance exercise, and provide the basic theory for monitoring resistance training.
METHODS:Literatures and paper reports about androgen response to resistance exercise are electronical y retrieved from the American Biological Medical Literature Database PubMed from 1986 and 2013. Final y 46 literatures addressing the research progress is analyzed about androgen responses to resistance exercise were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Studies have shown that, weight lifting (power snatch and power clean), squating, and deadlifting produced higher testosterone levels than the smal muscle groups. Under the same load, eccentric and concentric contractions produced the same hormone response. Adequate training amount and intensity may change the circulating testosterone levels. Short sports intermittent time led to a higher testosterone response than the long intermittent time. The free testosterone levels in youth group were significantly increased compared with the older group before and after exercise. Nutrition intervention affected acute testosterone responses to resistance exercise. Changes in exercise intensity and amount wil alter quiet testosterone levels, once returned to normal training, testosterone levels wil return to baseline values. Resistance exercise can increase androgen receptor content in human skeletal muscles.

BACKGROUND: Effect of exercise training on ultrastructure of skeletal muscle is a focus of quantified cytobiology in sports medicine. OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of transportation function of calcium ion in sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle in the model of reduced training after endurance training. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized animal trial was performed at Xi'an Sports Institute from April to July 2006, and the biochemical test was performed at the Animal Experimental Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University in July 2006. MATERIALS: Thirty-nine healthy 2-month-old male SD weighing (220?20) g were selected. METHODS: Five rats were used in the preliminary experiment, and the others were randomly divided to normal control group (n=8), endurance training group (n=8) and reduced training group (n=18). The increasing training period of endurance training group and reduced training group lasted for 6 weeks, and then reduced training group was randomly divided to 3 groups according to reduced training cycle: 2, 4 and 6 weeks group. The rats did increasing endurance loading exercise on a treadmill, while reduced intensity was used in reduced training group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Enzyme coupling method and fluorescence probe technology were used to detect sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) and maximum Ca2+ uptake and release of gastrocnemius muscle. RESULTS: The activity of Ca2+-ATPase in endurance training group was significantly increased compared with normal control group (P 0.05); reduced training 4 and 6 weeks groups were significantly reduced compared with endurance training group (P 0.05); while the maximum uptake and release of Ca2+ in sarcoplasmic reticulum of reduced training 4 and 6 weeks group was significantly reduced (P

AlM: To investigate the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy ( DR) in type 2 diabetes patients.METHODS:A total of 380 cases of type 2 diabetes were selected from January 2014 to June 2014, divided into DR group (126 cases) and non-diabetic retinopathy ( NDR) as control group (254 cases), all patients were underwent medical history, physical examinations, laboratory and assistance examinations. The prevalence and single factor and multiple factors of DR were analysed by the logistic regression model.RESULTS: The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that DR was associated with diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low - density lipoprotein, urine protein, intraocular pressure, carotid intima - media thickness, peripheral neuropathy disease was the related risk factors for DR. ln multiple logistic regression analysis, only duration was the related risk factors for DR.CONCLUSlON:The occurrence of DR is the outcome of combined action of multiple factors, duration is an independent risk factor for occurrence of DR.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is a common condition among the old,which remains a main cause of death due to its high fatality.Airway remodeling is one of its pathological features.This article reviews the pathological changes and imageological assessment of COPD airway remodeling,its correlation with microbes and its pathogenesis and therapies.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty combined zoledronic acid.Methods Patients admitted to our hospital′s depart-ment of orthopedics from February 2010 to December 2013 were reviewed,and 67 patients underwent percutaneous ky-phoplasty were admitted.According to the application of zoledronic acid or not,they were divided into 2 groups,with 39 cases and 28 cases,respectively.On 67 patients before surgery,3 days after surgery,the end of follow -up surgery, VAS,ODI,vertebral height average recovery rate and Cobb angle were compared.The BMD was also compared before and after surgery.Results There was no difference between the two groups in all above indices before treatment(t =0.308,P =0.758;t =0.476,P =0.635;t =0.397,P =0.693;t =0.342,P =0.733).3 days after surgery,the levels of VAS,ODI and Cobb angle all decreased(t =25.820,P <0.001 vs.t =24.988,P <0.001;t =16.801,P <0.001 vs.t =17.008,P <0.001;t =9.717,P <0.001 vs.t =7.525,P <0.001),while vertebral height average recovery rate were increased in both groups(t =8.300,P <0.001 vs.t =6.363,P <0.001 ),but there was no difference between the two groups(t =0.177,P =0.861;t =0.568,P =0.572;t =0.453,P =0.652;t =0.508,P =0.613).In the end of follow -up surgery,there was a significant difference between the two groups(t =4.779,P <0.001;t =7.041,P <0.001;t =2.517,P =0.014;t =2.406,P =0.019).There was no difference between the two groups in BMD(t =0.479,P >0.05),but it came to be a difference between the two groups in the end(t =2.710,P =0.009), although there was no difference in secondary fracture(23.1% vs.7.1%,χ2 =3.016,P =0.082).Conclusion Per-cutaneous kyphoplasty combined zoledronic acid has an excellent effect on osteoporotic vertebral compression frac-tures,it is worthy promoting.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of rituximab combined with autologous peripheral blood stem cell trans-plantation(APBSCT)in treatment of aggressive or refractory and recrrent B-cell non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma.Methods Forty-four patients with aggressive or refractory and recrrent B-cell non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma and treated with APBSCT in this department from Janauary 2007 to October 2013 were admitted.All the subjects were divided into 2 groups according to their own choice:22 pa-tients received rituximab treatment(treatment group)and 22 patients were treated without rituximab treatment(control group).For patients in treatment group,rituximab was used with chemotherapy or mobilization of stem cells before APBSCT for (2.9±1.1) times.After transplantation,IL-2 was used in both groups as maintenance treatment.And rituximab was used in the treatment group if the budget allows.Results The mononuclear cell count in treatment and control group was (13.01±4.22)×108/kg and (11.63±2.95)×108/kg(P=0.214).Hematopoietic reconstruction was successfully achieved in the both groups.No significant difference was found between 2 groups on the recovery time of neutrophilic granulocytes and platelets(P>0.05).All patients a-chieved complete remission(CR),at a median follow-up of 20 months(2-73 months),the disease relapsed in 2 patients in treatment group and 5 in control group.The 2-year overall survival rate in treatment group and control group were 95.0% and 75.1%,2-year progression-free survival rates were 82.4% and 74.5%,there were no significant difference between two groups(P=0.179, 0.393).Conclusion Rituximab combined with APBSCT in treatment of aggressive or refractory and recurrent B-cell lymphoma is feasible,however whether patients can benefit from long-term studies still need further research.Adding rituximab does not affect the hematopoietic stem cell collection and hematopoietic reconstitution.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of superficial needling in treating hemifacial spasm.
Methods:Eighty patients with facial spasm were randomized into two groups by the random number table, 40 cases in each group. The observation group was intervened by superficial needling at local Ashi points and wrist-ankle acupuncture at the Upper 1, Upper 2 and Upper 3 points; while the control group was by ordinary acupuncture. For both groups, the treatment was given once a day, 7 times as a treatment course, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after 3 courses.
Results:The total effective rate and recovery rate were respectively 97.5% and 57.5% in the observation group versus 85.0% and 37.5% in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion:Superficial needling can produce a more significant efficacy in treating hemifacial spasm than ordinary acupuncture.

Objective To develop a HPLC method for determination of aesculin, aesculetin,baicalin and ellagic acid in Xielining tablets. Methods The hypersil C18 column was used with the flow rate of 1. 1 mL·min-1 . The mobile phase A consisted of methanol-acetonitrile(4∶1),the mobile phase B consisted of 0. 1% phosphoric acid solution; The detection wave-lengths were λ1 =334 nm(aesculin and aesculetin),λ2 = 280 nm(baicalin),and λ3 = 254 nm(ellagic acid). Results There was a good linear relationship between the peak area values and concentrations of aesculin,aesculetin,baicalin and ellagic acid. The quantitation range of aesculin,aesculetin,baicalin and ellagic acid was 0. 058 6 -1. 172 0 μg( r = 0. 999 2), 0. 015 4 -0. 308 0 μg(r=0. 999 8),0. 447 2-8. 944 0 μg(r=0. 999 6),and 0. 072 6-1. 452 0 μg(r=0. 999 5), respectively. The aver-age recovery was 97. 24% (RSD=0. 78% ),97. 76% (RSD=1. 11% ),98. 43% (RSD=0. 93% ) and 96. 89% (RSD=0. 62% ), respectively. Conclusion The method is convenient,accurate,sensitive,reproducible and may be used in the determination of aesculin, aesculetin,baicalin and ellagic acid in Xielining tablets.

The United States has distinguishing qualities in terms of health insurance with commercial health insurance as the main body, Medicare and Medicaid for the supplement. It is also the only developed country that has failed to realize universal health care. In fact, since 1912, the federal government has promoted the universal health insurance legislation, but due to party division, interest groups, and other ideological factors, the legislative process has been slow. In 2012, the Obama administration led the final passage of the health care bill which laid the institu-tional foundation on the road toward universal health care. The Reform of American health insurance has important implications for China, especially with a focus on the rule of law and democratic participation, and its private health insurance management and cost control experiences in medicine serve as an important reference for improving the quality of health insurance with expanded coverage.

The paper discusses the reasons for the slow development of evidence-based pharmacy in hospitals, analyzes the necessi-ty and feasibility of evidence-based pharmacy services in medical college and university libraries.It also elaborates how to construct ef-fective and feasible evidence-based pharmacy service mode according to the advantages and characteristics of medical college and uni-versity libraries.