In this study the authors observed the status of water contamination by crayfish, Cambaroides similis, either alive or dead infected with Paragonimus westermani. The crayfish used as materials were infected heavily with metacercariae of Paragonimus westermani. The live crayfish were kept in water for a long time, and then the sediments of the water were examined to find out whether or not the liberation of the metacercariae from the body of the crayfish had caused contamination of the water with metacercariae. Killed crayfish were also preserved in water for some time. Physical stimuli in terms of mederate degree of shaking were added to the preserved water once a day and half amount of the water was replaced with tapped water of same temperature everyday. Status of the decay of the crayfish, liberation of the metacercariae from the body of the crayfish or contamination of the preserved water by the metacercariae, and numbers of metacercariae harboured in the body of the crayfish were examined everyday. The fate of the metacercariae liberated from the crayfish into water was also observed. Status of the decay of the crayfish, liberation of the metacercariae from the body of the crayfish or contamination of the preserved water by the metacercariae, and numbers of metacercariae harboured in the body of the crayfish were examined everyday. The fate of the metacercariae liberated from the crayfish into water was also observed. The results of this study can be outlined as follows: No metacercaria was detected in the water which contained live crayfish infected with Paragonimus westermani. The preserved water with dead or killed crayfish was found to be contaminated by the metacercariae of Paragonimus westemani, which had been caused by the decay and dispersion of the flesh of the crayfish The liberated metacercariae survived for 10 days in the water at 21-27 C. The liberated metacercariae were found to be sinking into water of s.g. 1.000 with average velocity of 35.8 cm per minute.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Paragonimus westermani ; epidemiology ; crayfish ; Cambaroides similis

Autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone is popular ligament substitute used in anterior cruciate liga- ment(ACL) reconstructions. Fracture of the patella is a rare but serious complication unique to this type of reconstruction. We report 4 cases of patellar fracture after autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone ACL reconstruction.
Autografts* ; Ligaments ; Patella

This study was undertaken to investigate mineral changes in weathered scalp hair after burial. EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analysis was performed to measure the presence of minerals on the hair surface. Twelve scalp hairs, buried for 5-40 years, were chosen from deceased individuals buried in tombs in Soha-Ri, Kyonggi-Do, and other regions in Korea. Three normal hairs were used as the control group. EDX data showed that carbon, oxygen, and sulfur were detected in hair collected from all three burial grounds. In contrast, calcium was only detected in hair collected from tombs in Soha-ri. The amounts of calcium and sulfur were found to decrease with time for hair collected from tombs in Soha-ri. Similar results were observed with sodium for hair collected from other regions. These results show region specific mineral detection and a decrease in the concentration of minerals with time. Consequently, it is suggested that changes in minerals concentration in weathered hair could be used as basic data in the field of forensic medicine.
Burial ; Calcium ; Carbon ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Sciences ; Hair ; Humans ; Korea ; Minerals ; Oxygen ; Scalp ; Sodium ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ; Sulfur ; Weather

The use of a central one-third patellar tendon as an autograft for surgical reconstruction of a c4maged cruciate ligament is common. However, recent clinical studies indicate that decreased quadriceps strength, decreased range of motion, decreased thigh circumference and patello-femoral problems can be associated with this procedure. Some of these complications may result from alterations in the structural properties of the remaining patellar tendon. The objective of this study was to examine tructural change of the remaining patellar tendon using MRI after removal of its central one-third. We evi.luated 10 patients received ACL reconstruction using autogenous central third bone-patellar tendon-bone. The mean age of the. Patient was 24 years old. The mean follow-up period was 30 months. The surgicd techn:ique was arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction using single incision. Only paratenon was repaired, reniaining patellar tendon defect. We checked the thickness, width, length and cross-sectional area of patellar te.ndon defect from axial MR scan. We also checked preoperative MR image of the same patient and compare, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Autografts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans* ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Patellar Ligament* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tendons ; Thigh ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To report a case of cryptococcal chorioretinitis in the renal transplant patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 31-year old male patient was admitted with visual disturbance, high fever and general weakness. On initial evaluation, visual acuity was 0.9 in the right eye and 0.3 in the left. On fundus exam, right eye showed the lesions which were expanded into posterior pole and equator and left eye showed several yellow white lesions which were larger than optic disc, and some of them were near the fovea. RESULT: Cryptococcus grew in CSF. The ocular diagnosis was cryptococcal chorioretinitis and intra-venous amphotericin B and oral flucytosine were given. In spite of 2-month treatment, the visual acuity of left eye was 0.04 due to the expansion of the lesion toward fovea. The patient refused the treatment after 4 months of treament, and he expired 1 month later.
Adult ; Amphotericin B ; Chorioretinitis* ; Cryptococcus ; Diagnosis ; Fever ; Flucytosine ; Humans ; Male ; Visual Acuity

We performed a clinical observation on the 208 cases of infectious hepatitis who were cared at the pediatric department of Fatima Hospital from July, 1, 1970, to June, 30, 1977, and obtained the following results. 1. The ratio of infectious hepatitis to the total number of in-patients was 3.25 in average. 2. There was no significant difference in seasonal incidence except spring when the incidence was lower than the other seasons. 3. The age-group of 3~8 years old occupied 69% of the total cases and sex incidence revealed mali predominence with the ratio about 2:1. 4. The frequently observed clinical manifestations included ; Anorexia(71%)Nausea/Vomiting(65%), Tiredness(53%), Dark urine(59%), Abdominal pain(54%), Fever(45%), Jaundice(75%), Hepatomegaly(71%), Tenderness on upper adbomen(40%), and Palpable spleen(12.3%). 5. In the most of the cases the hematologic findings were with-in normal limit. 6. Bilirubinuria was observed in about 65% of the tested cases during the first 2 weeks of the illness and urinary urobilinogen was decreased during the second week of the illness. 7. In the majority of the cases the serum bilirubin reached peak during the second week of the illness and ranged 2~15mg%. And by the end of the 4th week illness, they returned to less than 2mg% in the 85%of the tested cases. 8. SGOT and SGPT reached peak during the first week of the illness and by the end of 4th week, they returned to less than 100 unit in the most the tested cases. And the values of SGOTwere higher than SGOT throughout the course of the illness. 9. The electrophoresis of the serum protein revealed as follow ; 1-globulin decreased slightly and -globulin in creased. 10. We experienced 30 cases (14.4%) of anicteric hepatitis. 11. ABHg was positive in 2(3.8%) of the 52 tested cases. 12. 10 of the 208 cases complicated hepatic coma and 10 of them expired and 3 of them dischared without clinical improvement.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bilirubin ; Child* ; Electrophoresis ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mali ; Seasons ; Urobilinogen

The tension free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure has been developed for female stress urinary incontinence as an effective and durable surgical treatment option under local anesthesia and reportedly has a low complication rate. Recently, two cases of protracted urinary retention following TVT procedure were experienced. Both patients reported normal voiding before the procedure that caused obstruction, and they had urodynamic evidence of obstruction (high pressure/low flow) after TVT procedure. In both patients, the TVT meshes were resected to increase the uroflow rate and decrease the residual urine volume. They resumed normal voiding and continence thereafter and that was evidenced by the urodynamic parameters. The mean maximal flow rate (MFR) increased from 13.0 ml/sec to 28.5 ml/sec and mean residual urine volume (RU) decreased from 284 ml to 65.5 ml after the resection of the TVT sling. So we report our experiences that we could accomplish the urodynamic improvements after mesh resection in two patients with protracted urinary retention following TVT procedure.
Anesthesia, Local ; Female ; Humans ; Suburethral Slings* ; Urethral Obstruction ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Retention* ; Urodynamics*

We report here on a new technique using polymethylmethacrylate to manage vertebral osteoporotic compression fractures in three patients. These patients presented with acute back pain that manifested itself after minor trauma. Osteoporotic compression fractures were diagnosed via plain X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging studies. The patients were treated with absolute bed rest and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite of the conservative treatment, the patients experienced severe, recalcitrant and progressive pain. The vertebrae were collapsed over 50% or kyphotic deformity was seen on the radiologic materials. We performed a new technique called lordoplasty, which is derived from percutaneous vertebroplasty. The patients experienced a reduction in pain after the procedure. The wedge and kyphotic angles of the fractured vertebrae were significantly restored.
Aged ; Female ; Fractures, Compression/radiography/*surgery ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orthopedic Procedures/*methods ; Osteoporotic Fractures/radiography/*surgery ; Spinal Fractures/radiography/*surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae/*injuries/radiography/surgery

PURPOSE: This study has tried to find out the effects of music therapy on anxiety of surgery patients during operation under regional anesthesia. In order to find out the effects, this research design was used nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. METHOD: The subjects were the sixty inpatients under regional anesthesia in K hospital. They were assigned to two groups, thirty to the experimental group and thirty to control group. The data were collected using the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) for State Anxiety and vital sign. The Experimental group received favorite music of the 4 different genre. The control group were inserted ear plug during operation. Data were analyzed by chi-square-test, T-test, ANOVA and Repeated Measured ANOVA of the SPSS WIN (12.0) version program. RESULTS: 1) Hypothesis 1: The hypothesis "that the figure for state anxiety of the experimental group provided with music therapy would be lower than that of the control group" was confirmed(F=0.27, P=0.01). 2) Hypothesis 2 : Three subordinating hypotheses were established in order to verify the hypothesis "that the figures for vital sings of the experimental group provided with such as music therapy would be lower than those of the control group." were rejected. CONCLUSION: Music therapy can be regarded as an effective nursing intervention that relieves operative anxiety of surgical patients under regional anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anxiety* ; Ear ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Music Therapy* ; Music* ; Nursing ; Research Design ; Vital Signs*

No abstract available.
Lithotripsy* ; Shock* ; Ureter*