Avulsion fractures of the tibial tuberosity are uncommon and they usually occur in adolescents during sports activities. Ogden et al modified Watson-Jones classification into three types. To our knowledge, only two cases of tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures combined with meniscal tear were reported. We report an Ogden-type III intra-articular fracture of the tibial tuberosity combined with tear of the medial meniscus.
Adolescent ; Classification ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Menisci, Tibial ; Sports

No abstract available.
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal*

No abstract available.
Neck* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder*

The safety of simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. The objective of the current study was to investigate perioperative morbidity and mortality rates within 30 days of simultaneous bilateral TKA. A detailed analysis of medical, surgical and anaesthesia records of 183 consecutive patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty between 2002 and 2006 was performed. The mean age of the patients was 67.6 years old. More than 80% had one or more co-morbidities, but none of them had ASA score greater than class 2. The mean hospital stay was 10 days, and the mean surgical time 156 minutes. Less than half of the patients (42.6%) required blood transfusion. The rate of perimorbidity was 15.3 % and there was no mortality in this series. We believe that simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty is a safe and cost effective option for our patients, provided that patients are selected and informed appropriately.

Obesity is connected with numerous diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and nervous system dysfunctions. Obesity is affected by genetic, environmental, and cultural factors. However, numerous studies indicate that several pathogens might cause obesity. This review discusses recent data and the characteristics of pathogens that are implicated in obesity. In particular, human adenovirus 36 (Ad36) is the most clearly implicated virus in human obesity. It was recently shown that obese groups from the USA, Korea, and Italy have a higher prevalence of serum antibodies against Ad36. The mechanisms of Ad36-induced obesity remain unclear. However, glucose uptake and inflammation are possible mechanisms of Ad36-induced obesity. Overall, this new understanding of causes of obesity has developed into the concept of 'infectobesity' and the possibility of developing a 'vaccine' or 'therapeutic agents' for obesity.
Adenoviruses, Human ; Antibodies ; Atherosclerosis ; Glucose ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Italy ; Korea ; Nervous System ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Viruses

Chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are major causes of death and disability throughout the world. Many causes are known to trigger these chronic diseases, and infectious agents such as viruses are also pathological factors. In particular, it is considered that adenovirus 36 infections may be associated with obesity. If this is the case, a vaccine against adenovirus 36 may be a form of prophylaxis to combat obesity. Other types of therapeutic vaccines to combat obesity are also being developed. Recently, hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1, ghrelin, and peptide YY have been studied as treatments to prevent obesity. This review describes the ongoing development of therapeutic vaccines to treat obesity, and the possibility of using inactivated adenovirus 36 as a vaccine and an anti-obesity agent.
Adenoviridae ; Cause of Death ; Chronic Disease ; Ghrelin ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; Obesity* ; Peptide YY ; Vaccines*

A Macular hole may change in size of the hole; may increase in size with time and an epiretinal membrane may form. Rarely, a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment may occur with time and long term visual acuity usually remains stable or progressively worse. But to our knowledge spontaneous disappearance of a macular hole caused by development of an epiretinal membrane with improvement in vision rarely occurs. The traumatic, full-thickness macular hole in a 15-year-old man during 3 month follow-up period, changed its biomicroscopic appearance and fluorescein angiographic finding. Furthermore, visual acuity showed some improvement. The authors believe this spontaneous disappearance of macular hole is probably occured as a result of epiretinal membrane formation.
Adolescent ; Epiretinal Membrane ; Fluorescein ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations* ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Skin biopsy is an effective diagnostic tool commonly used in dermatology practice. Clinicopathologic correlation is important for diagnostic accuracy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of skin biopsy specimens, and compare the pathologic diagnosis with the final dermatologic diagnosis. METHODS: This study included 4,018 skin biopsy specimens taken during a period of 10 years from June 1995 to May 2005 at the Department of Dermatology, Korea University Anam Hospital. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Of all biopsy specimens, 61.49% were diagnosed as tumors, and 38.51% were diagnosed as non-tumors. For the tumors, 87.15% were benign, 4.23% were premalignant and 8.62% were malignant. The rate of concordance between pathologic diagnosis and final dermatologic diagnosis was 76.69%, and the rate of discordance between them was 4.18%. The rate of description without a pathologic diagnosis in pathologic reports was 18.94%. The rate of concordance was higher in tumors (89.65%) than in non-tumors (56.00%), and the rate of description in pathologic reports was higher in non-tumors (39.08%) than in tumors (6.32%). There was no significant difference in the rates of discordance between tumors and non-tumors. The rate of concordance was higher in malignant tumors (95.72%) than in benign tumors (89.77%) or premalignant tumors (74.76%). The rate of description in pathologic reports was higher in premalignant tumors (18.45%) than in benign tumors (6.27%) or malignant tumors (0.95%). There was no significant difference in the rates of discordance between the three groups.
Biopsy ; Dermatology ; Diagnosis* ; Korea ; Skin Diseases* ; Skin* ; Statistics as Topic*

Retinal arteriovenous crossing sites are important because they are generally the points at which. in branch retinal obstruction, a blockage of venous blood flow occurs. We evaluated retrospectively the cases of 54 patiens wIth a recent temporal branch retinal vein occlusion to determine the relative anatomic position of the obstructed vein in relation to its crossing artery. In 54 (100%) of 54 eyes, the artery lay antenor to the vein, toward the vitreous cavity. In the control corssing site, the artery lay anterior to the vein 41.3% (J9/46) of the time (p<0.01) The second control group, which was obtained by examining all of the first-and second-order, without BRVO, consisted of 103 crossing sites. In this second control group's artenovenous crossmgs, the arteries were situated anteriorly in 83 (80.6%) of 103 crossing sites (p<0.005). Our observation that the artery lies anterior to the vein at the all of BRVO crossing sites contributes further evidence that mechanical factors play a prominent role in the causing BRVO.
Arteries ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Veins

As noe of causes of epipora, anatomic abnormality of nasolacrimal duct, has been treated with dacryocystorhinostomy. Recently, the development of nasal endoscopy has made it easy to observe the intranasal sturcture. Thus, authors investigated the effect of nasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy used in combination with microdrill and nasal endoscopy in those patients, with nasolcrimal obsturction at the time of dacryocystorhinography. From 1995 to April 1997, twenty-four patients have been treated by the intranasal dacryocystorhinostomy using the microdrill with follow up more than six months. All patients had been tested by preoperative intranasal exam and was measured radiologically preoperative`s size of lacrimal sac. The nasal endoscopy using microdrill had shown success rate of 83.3 percent and the surgerywas more successful as the size of preoperative lacrimal sac was larer without any complication. The formation of accurate bone foramen did not remarkably differ from the skin incisio at the time of operation. Therefore, dacryocystorhinostomy using microdrill can be useful for the treatment of lacrimal canal obstruction, especially with the proper operating equipment.
Dacryocystorhinostomy* ; Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Skin