Avulsion fractures of the tibial tuberosity are uncommon and they usually occur in adolescents during sports activities. Ogden et al modified Watson-Jones classification into three types. To our knowledge, only two cases of tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures combined with meniscal tear were reported. We report an Ogden-type III intra-articular fracture of the tibial tuberosity combined with tear of the medial meniscus.
Adolescent ; Classification ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Menisci, Tibial ; Sports

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Rats*

A clinical review was made on 2,191 cases of general pediatric surgery under the age of 15 years which were operated upon at the Divisionof Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chonnam University Hospital from January 1988 to December 1997. The number of operations in pediatric age were 13,144 (13.2%) out of total 99,555 operations at Chonnam University Hospital and the most prevalent age group was under 1 year of age (14.3%). The number of operations in Divisionof General Pediatric Surgery were 2,191 (16.7%) out of total 13,144 operations in pediatric age and the incidence of patients under 1 year of age in general pediatric surgery was 42.9% (941/2,191). The prevalent diseases under 1 month of age were anorectal malformations (20.6%) and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (20.3%) and between 1 month to 1 year of age were inguinal hernia (32.4%) and intussusception (19.6%). The total motality rate in neonatal intensive care unit was 31.3%. Gastroschisis presented highest mortality.
Gastroschisis ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Intussusception ; Jeollanam-do ; Mortality ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic

OBJECTIVE: Uterine cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Korean women. Human papillomaviruses are associated in 85-90% of the cases. However, other cofactors are considered to be important in carcinogenesis. There is an evidence that the uterine cervix is the site of shedding of the Epstein-Barr viruses(EBV). Furthermore the virus has been detected in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. We studied to evaluate the role of EBV in cervical carcinogenesis. METHODS: Non-neoplastic cervices(12), carcinoma in situ(32), microinvasive squamous cell carcinomas(9), invasive squamous cell carcinomas(37) and adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas(14) were studied for EBV infection. PCR and in situ PCR for EBNA-1 were done and subtyping was done using PCR for EBNA 3C. RESULTS: In non-neoplastic cervix, EBV was detected in 16.7% by PCR and found in normal epithelial cells and lymphocytes in in situ PCR. By PCR technique, EBV was detected in 65.6% of CIS, 66.3% and 51.4% of microinvasive and invasive squamous cell carcinomas, 57.1% of adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas. EBV subtyping was done in EBV positive cases by PCR and all showed type 1. CONCLUSION: EBV was detected in higher frequency in cervical cancer than in non-neoplastic cervix. However the frequency was not correlated to the invasion depth and histologic types of cervical carcinomas. EBV was detected in tumor cells as well as normal epithelial cells and lymphocytes also. It was suggested that EBV may play a role in cervical cancers but the mechanism in carcinogenesis remains to be solved.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri ; Epithelial Cells ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Prevalence* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: The Purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among leadership style of nurse managers, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. METHOD: The subjects were 468 nurses and 19 head nurses who were working at the 3 general hospitals in seoul. The data were collected from July 6 to September 14, 2001 by the structured questionnaires. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with SAS package were used. RESULT: 1) The score of the nurse managers' transformational leadership perceived by surbodinates' were higher than that of the nurse managers' transactional leadership. Among 5 subdimensions of the leadership styles perceived by surbodinates', the scores of 'charisma' and 'intellectual stimulation' were highest and 'management by exception' were lowest. 2) 'Charisma', 'intellectual stimulation', 'individual consideration' and 'contingent reward' were positively related to all of variables except 'turnover intention'. 'Management by exception' was negatively related to all of variables and was positively related to 'turnover intention'. 3) 'Job satisfaction' was positively related to 'organizational commitment' and 'Job satisfaction', 'organizational commitment' were negatively related to 'turnover intention'. 4) As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, the key determinants of 'turnover intention' were 'organizational commitment' and this explained 44.4% of the total variance of it.
Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intention* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Leadership* ; Nurse Administrators* ; Nursing, Supervisory ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic

Occasionally, in obese infants or boys, the penis appears extremely short or absent because of fat deposits in the prepubic area. However, further inspection shows the penis to be of adequate length. A concealed penis is a congenital abnormality wherein the skin is unattached to the penile shaft. The penis itself is normally formed. The testes and scrotum are normally developed also. Its treatment is effected by weight reduction and surgery. Surgery is directed to fix the skin in the pubic area to the base of the penis. herein we report twelve cases of concealed penis with the literature review.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Penis* ; Scrotum ; Skin ; Testis ; Weight Loss

Most of the breast cancer revealed mass and/or microcalcifications on mammography. We analyzed morphologic characteristics of the masses and microcalcifications on mammography which confirmed as breast cancer pathologically. Of all 54 cases, 4 patients (7%) showed microcalcification only, 27 patients (50%), mass only, and the other 23 patients (43%), both microcalcification and mass on the mammography. The margin of the breast mass were ill-defined in 37 cases, well-defined in 8 cases, and well-defined with surrounding infiltration in 5 cases. The morphologic characteristics of the microcalcification were punctate-linear-V shape in 11 patients, punctate-linear shape in 9 patients, and punctate shape in 7 patients.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Mammography

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mortality of patients over eighty years old with femoral neck fractures that have been treated with bipolar endoprostheses. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied 37 patients out of a total of 83, who suffered from hip fractures and were treated with surgery from 2000 through December 2004. We attempted to distinguish the differences between the 8 patients who died (Group A) and the 29 patients who lived (Group B). The variables that we analyzed, were: age, sex, operative time, the time period from admission to surgery, the time period from admission to discharge, the ASA score, and any medical comorbidities. Results: In Group A, 2 patients died within 1 month, 2 died between 1 and 6 months, 1 died between 6 and 12 months, and 3 died after 1 year. There were statistical differences between Group A and Group B with respect to two variables: the time period from admission to, and medical comorbidities. Conclusion: There were significant correlations with an increase in the mortality rate among patients with lung disease, female patients in general, and delays in surgery. Therefore, particular care should be paid to patients with these variables.
Comorbidity ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Hip Fractures ; Hip* ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Mortality* ; Operative Time ; Retrospective Studies

We looked for and discussed the changes of curricula of medical course of 31 medical schools during the period of 1984 and 1993. The data used in this study were Educational State Report of Korean Med ical Schools published from Dean Association of Korean Medical Schools in 1984 and 1992-1993. The significant findings were as follows. 1. There were great variability in number of subjects and in time for lecture and exercise in each subject among 31 medical schools. 2. There were a great deal of changes during the period of 1984 and 1993. There were increased tendency in number of subjects and especially block lectures. Schools which had 1-4 subjects vanished in curriculum were most frequent among 22 schools during 9 years. Name of most frequent subjects in block lecture were clinico-patholo gical conference, reproductive medicine, hematology, oncology and cardiology in 1993. 3. Subjects which were transferred to pre-medical program were classified to two groups. One group was traditional basic medical subjects such anatomy, physiology and biochemistry, the other group was newly introduced subjects such as molecular biology and cell biology as basic medical subjects. 4. The data were suggested that long time was needed to stabilized in newly introduced subjects of clinical medicine such as neurology and plastic surgery. Time for lecture and exercise of these subjects shows increasing tendency in schools established before 1978, but decreasing tendency in schools established after 1978.
Biochemistry ; Cardiology ; Clinical Medicine ; Curriculum* ; Hematology ; Humans ; Lectures ; Molecular Biology ; Neurology ; Physiology ; Reproductive Medicine ; Schools, Medical ; Surgery, Plastic

We have investigated and discussed the changes of scholarship, tuition and educational facilities in national medical colleges and private medical colleges for the period of 1984 and 1993. The data an alysed in this study were cited from the third edition and the seventh edition and raw data for the eighth edition of the Educational State Report of Korean Medical Schools which were issued by the Deans' Association of Korean Medical Schools. The significant findings were as follows: 1. In all investigated medical college libraries, the number of seats and medical books and the sorts of medical journals have increased, particularly the average budgets for medical journals have increased over 3 times in 1993 compare to 1994. 2. Between 1984 and 1993, total budget for scholarship have been increased out average benefit rate have been decreased from 38.6% to 34.3%. But the average benefit doubled its amount. 3. Average tuition in national medical college was about 52% of that in private medical college in 1993. In national medical colleges, average tuition for premedical course was 10% costly than medical course but it was just opposite to private medical colleges. 4. Between 1984 and 1993, Audio-visual aids have increased in number a little bit but there was nothing significant changes between national and private medical college. 5. Eighty one percent of investigated medical colleges have animal laboratory for research but only 15.6% of medical colleges have specific pathogen free rooms in the animal laboratories. 6. In 1993, the space in medical college buildings was occupied 29.6% by student education facilities, 25.8% by research space for professors and 10.5% by medical library. The average area for student educations was 42.4m2, for professors research was 32.2m2 and for library was 11.4m2 per a student.
Animals ; Audiovisual Aids ; Budgets ; Education ; Fellowships and Scholarships* ; Humans ; Libraries, Medical ; Schools, Medical ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms