The modest pressure promotes the graduate to keep continuous energy and focus on scientific research,but too much pressure will lead to mental problem and serious moral shortcoming.Reformation of scientific evaluating and promoting system,enhancement of scientific interest and reconstruction of mental training system should be the important ways to release the pressure of scientific research of the graduate.

In addition to the operation technique and procedure selection, the dysfunction of important organs such as heart, lung, kidney and liver plays an important role in restricting the recovery of patients and the prognosis of gastrointestinal surgery. For patients complicated by one or more organs dysfunction after operation, who have no response to conventional therapies, extracorporeal life support/replacement should be used as early as possible. The extracorporeal organ support provides more time for rescue, and relieves injured organs to "rest" and accelerates recovery, which improves the survival of critically ill patients who suffered after gastrointestinal surgery. Nowadays, the safety and efficiency of the extracorporeal life support/replacement, including heart, lung, kidney, liver and intestine, are developing quickly, and easy to achieve, however, limitations still exist. With the development of nanotechnology and bioartificial membranes, an open and total extracorporeal life support system, which can simultaneously supports heart, lung, kidney, liver, intestine and brain, will be produced in the future, further improving the survival of critically ill patients.
Critical Illness ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Humans ; Life Support Care

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; HIV-1 ; Humans

Refractory constipations are mostly mixed constipations. Surgery is only reserved as the last option when conservative treatments have failed. Colectomy or stapbed transanal rectal resection (STARR) represents the procedure of choice in patients with pure slow transmit constipation (STC) or obstructive defecation syndrome (ODS). However, its clinical outcome is unsatisfactory. Jinling procedure, a new surgical innovation for mixed constipation, aims to correct the coexistence of STC and ODS in severe refractory constipation. It combines subtotal colectomy and side to side cecorectal anastomosis, which shows a promising clinical outcome in over 500 refractory constipation patients. In our department, there is no significant difference in operation time, mortality and complications between the laparoscopic assisted and open Jinling procedures. Jinling procedure is also appropriate for secondary Hirschsprung's disease. Stoma is described in the treatment of some adult constipation patients, which has not been supported by the evidence-based medicine at present. Anastomosis leakage is a severe complication after constipation surgery. Fecal diversion is indicated once it happened. Colon irrigation may be used in patients who failed after surgery or children who refused definitive operation. It has showed a good short-term functional recovery but becomes invalid after a long-term follow-up.
Adult ; Colectomy ; Constipation ; surgery ; Defecation ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Treatment Outcome

Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; classification ; therapy

This review addresses the association of "Chinese Journal of Biotechnology" and the development of biotechnology in China in the past 30 years. Topics include relevant awards and industrialization, development of the biotechnology discipline, and well know scientists in biotechnology, as well as perspectives on the journal.
Biotechnology ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Periodicals as Topic ; history

In recent years, damage control is well established as a potentially life-saving procedure in a few selected critically injured patients. The "damage control" concept also has been shown to increase overall survival and is likely to modify the management of critically ill patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease. In these patients the "lethal triad" of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy acts as a vicious cycle that often can not be interrupted and marks the limit of the patient's ability to cope with the physiological consequences of traditional and extensive surgical procedures. The principles of damage control are to control bleeding, obstruction, and/or infection until the physiologic derangement has been restored and the patient could undergo a prolonged operation for definitive repair. This approach is unfolded in three phases. During the initial operation, the surgeon carries out only the absolute minimum necessary to improve patient's condition and to control bleeding, obstruction, and/or infection. The second phase consists of secondary resuscitation in the intensive care unit, characterized by maximization of hemodynamics, correction of coagulopathy, rewarming, and complete ventilatory support. During the third phase, definitive operation is performed.
Acidosis ; therapy ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; therapy ; Critical Care ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; therapy ; Perioperative Care

Child ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Malignant pleural effusion is caused by the pleural invasion of malignant tumors such as lung cancer, or by primary pleural tumors. It is a troublesome and debilitating complication of advanced malignancies. If malignant pleural effusion is not treated in time, the average life span of these patients is only several months. An effective treatment can improve the quality of life and prolong the average life spans.

Matrix matalloprotenases-12(MMP-12) is a member of the matrix matalloprotenases family,and it is a main mediator to degradate the extracellular matrix. MMP-12 is composed of an propeptide domain, a catalytic domain and hemopexin-like domain. The function of MMP-12 include the genetic transcription and inhibitor regulation. Overexpress of MMP-12 causes pathological extracellular matrix protein breakdown and excessive airway remodeling,and MMP-12 is impotant in the pathogenesis of the acute and chronic lung injury,which has been implicated in a range of respiratory diseases, including asthma and emphysema.