The modest pressure promotes the graduate to keep continuous energy and focus on scientific research,but too much pressure will lead to mental problem and serious moral shortcoming.Reformation of scientific evaluating and promoting system,enhancement of scientific interest and reconstruction of mental training system should be the important ways to release the pressure of scientific research of the graduate.

Hepatic fibrosis is a damage and repair response model in chronic liver damage process.Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a determinant role as the main cells to produce liver extracellular matrix in the process of liver fibrosis,the activation and proliferation of HSC is the key link in liver fibrosis.Cholestasis is refers to the disorder in generation,secretion and flow of bile at the hepatocyte or bile duct level.The proteins exist in membranes of the liver cells and bile duct cells are important transporters to produce and secrete bile.In recent years,much progress have been made in signal transduction pathways of liver fibrosis,and the relevant research of cholestatic liver fibrosis is increasingly improvement,with the in-depth understanding of these transporters,complex signal network system of bile salt's synthesis and transport,this paper mainly through TGF-β/Smad,MAPK,JAK/STAT,NF-κ B and Wnt signal pathways to investigate the progress of signal transduction mechanism of cholestatic hepatic fibrosis.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy had improved the outcomes,however,a substantial proportion of these patients transfer into refractory or eventually relapsed lymphoma after using R-CHOP as a front-line treatment regimen with poor prognosis.With the research development on DLBCL and its related gene,it is confirmed that gene biological targeted therapy can improve the prognosis of patients with refractory /relapsed DLBCL (RR-DLBCL).Recently,some new targeted therapies become research hotspots.This review will focus on recent development and future direction of biological targeted treatment in RR-DLBCL.

The Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals:A lONgitudinal(REACTION) Study is the largest prospective study of diabetes in China to date.It aims to investigate associations between type 2 diabetes and risks of cancer as well as cardiovascular diseases.The Study also examined the association between insulin resistance and β-cell function in diabetic patients and individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.It has provided data on the current prevalences and related risk factors of osteoporosis,chronic kidney diseases,and thyroid nodules in Chinese adults with abnormal glucose metabolism.This large cohort constitutes an important platform and a rich resource for investigators from different fields to answer important research questions concerning risk factors,mechanisms,early detection,and management of metabolic diseases.

The chronic B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) pathway plays an important role in malignant proliferation of B-cell lymphoma.Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown impressive anti-tumor activity in relapsed and refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.This review discussed essential tyrosine kinases in BCR signaling pathway and present data from clinical usage of these related novel target agents.

Objective To explore the effects of different levels of dietary fat on oxidative damage of DNA in rats.Methods 45day-aged F344female rats were supplied with feed containing5%corn oil for12days,then were averagely divided into5groups,ten rats per group.Above5groups were fed by3%,5%,10%,15%and20%corn oil feed for20weeks respectively.The contens of5-hydroxymethyl-2-deoxyuridine(5-OHmdU)in blood and mammary tissue were determined.Results The con-tents of5-OHmdU in blood in creased with the increase of content s of dietary fat in feed.The contents of5-OHmdU in mammary tissue reached the peak in group fed with10%dietary fat then showed a plateau-type effect.Conclusion5-OHmdU levels in blood appeared to be a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage due to dietary fat intake.However,5-OHmdU levels in mammary tissue suggested that the oxidative DNA damage might appear at the middle levels of fat intake.

Objective To explore the effects of dietary fat on lipid peroxidation in female F344 rats. Methods The rats were fed diets containing various levels of corn oil ( 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% ) for 2, 10, 20 weeks and to detect the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in cerebellum, kidney and liver tissues by HPLC method. Results It was observed that rats consuming 3% and 5% corn oil diets yielded significantly higher levels of MDA compared with those fed with higher fat diets. It was also observed that the MDA levels at group of 20 weeks of feeding were significantly lower than groups of 2 weeks and/or 10 weeks of feeding. The three organs studied showed different MDA levels. MDA level in cerebellum was obviously higher than that in liver and kidney. Conclusion The lipid peroxidation linking with dietary fat seems to have tissue specific and time specific. The cerebellum tissues seem easy to be attacked by lipid peroxidation linking with dietary fat. The peaks of MDA concentrations emerge were at 2 week time point in cerebellum and at 10 week time point in liver and kidney respectively.

[Objective] Sorting and summing up Professor ZHANG 's clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of atlanto-axial joint subluxation, to develop the thought of clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. [Methods]Via studying with professor ZHANG, and collectting some cases,consulting the related literature and data.Finally, discuss and summarize it. [Results] Diagnosis found and appliedFour tenderness(Below the foramen magnum, trapezius muscle and at the junction of the skull,fengchi point,wangu point).Method combined with primary symptom and signs, X-ray. Treatment, application of error correction manipulation, light effect;And with local acupuncture point injection, menstruation invigorates the circulation of reinforcement. [Conclusion] Professor ZHANG's method of diagnosis and treatment of atlanto-axial joint subluxation is unique,clear, simple, has obvious curative effect, worth clinical application and promotion.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the drug resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in our hospital.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the pathogenic bacteria clinically isolated in 2006.RESULTS: Of the total 1 723 clinical isolated strains,77.9% were gram negative bacteria.Leading the first 6 places on the list of common clinical pathogenic bacteria were Escherichia coli,klebsiella pneumoniae,pseudomonas aeruginosa,acinetobacter baumannii,enterobacter cloacae,and staphylococcus aureus.CONCLUSION: Drug resistance is a very severe problem faced by the clinic.It is urgent to carry out monitoring of bacterial resistance and rational use of antibacterials.

There is a necessary to constructing a routine mechanism characterized as permeability of ethics education through training medical talents,against the single stereotype which depends on only a course to realize educational object.The mechanism includes: 1) to construct a cubic training teaching system,2)to develop the education content and teaching method constantly,3) to build satisfactory environment for medicine education and ethics education.