NO is an important signal factor existing in expiratory air of normal person.Different kinds of airway inflammation can cause the increase of NO,especially eosinophilic inflammation.Fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FENO) can result in airway inflammation,which is noninvasive,repeatable and easily performed.It can be very helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of airway symptoms such as recurrent wheezing and chronic cough.It can also help determine the state of the disease and prognosis.It is a very useful tool in the assessment and management of airway diseases,especially asthma.

Objective　To research the anterior corneal stromal puncture therapeutic effect for bullous keratopathy.Methods　The causes of the bullous keratopathy of the 11 cases were analysed and the bullous keratopathy was cured by the anterior stromal puncture methods.Results　Eleven cases were followed up for three months.The symptoms were relieved in all cases. The corneal bullous disappeared.Conclusion　The cases of the bullous keratopathy caused by mechanical or physical factors can be cured more effectively by using anterior corneal stromal puncture therapeutics.

Zinc supplementation can reduce the mean duration,the recurrence rate and mortality of diarrhea.Nonetheless,it has no effect on stool frequency or stool output.Zinc supplementation results in different effort for the difference of the duration of diarrhea,pathogens,zinc type and doses of zinc,and shows no effect in infants younger than 6 months.Using iron as a co-intervention can reduce the effect of zinc,but vitamin A or ORS have a synergistic effect with the meeting.Average baseline zinc levels did not contribute to variations in the effect size.Zinc supplements are unlikely to improve compliance with the treatment for diarrheal disease.Longer course,zinc alone,malnutrition,diarrhea,breast-feeding children are prone to vomiting after oral administration of zinc.

AIM: To analyse the main chemical constituents of Shuanghuanglian Injection Power(Flos lonicerae japanicae,Radix scutellariae and Fructus forsythiae) by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass/mass spectrometry. METHODS: The sample solution was analysed by a Zorbax C_18 column with a gradient mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile and water.Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detector was used,full-scan detection mode was evaluated for the identification of the liquid chromatography peaks. RESULTS: To analyse the mass spectrum of every liquid chromatography peaks,we identified 18 molecular mass from the ion chromatogram of Shuanghuanglian Injection Powder,9 compounds were identified,including quinic acid,caffeic acid,three monocaffeoylquinic acids,dicaffeoylquinic acid,forsythin,forsythoside and baicalin. CONCLUSION: Quinic acid is identified from Shuanghuanglian Injection Power for the first time.High performance liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry is emerging as an important tool in traditional Chinese medicine.

In order to make the comprehensive evaluation work of intellectual property of TCM industry more scientific and reasonable in our country, promote the protection of intellectual property of TCM industry, based on the survey of the domestic and foreign literature about evaluation of intellectual property and TCM industry, this article built the evaluation index system of intellectual property of TCM industry from five aspects:the number of intellectual property, the quality of intellectual property, the development of intellectual property, the implementation of intellectual property, and the management of intellectual property, and elaborated each index in detail.

Objective The incidence of gastric carcinoma(GC) has significantly difference in different areas because it has different cancerogenic and stimulative factors in different areas. Through displaying the epidemic factors of popular GC in Wuwei city, it can supply etiological clue of the first-level prevention to GC. Methods The research methods about epidemiology of migrant were used to investigate the case fatality rate of GC about the people in Qitai county of Xinjiang province who immigrated from Wuwei. According to the information of GC-death registered, we fitted local cluster analyse with Possion-distribution model, and then the results were processed with case-control study of chi square test; Binomial distribution (p+q)n model was used to familial cluster analysis, and the statistical method of X2 was used to compare the difference between the actual incidence and theoretical incidence of GC. Adopting the history arrangement analysis, the canceration of four precancerous diseases were observed. Nitrogen content of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water were respectively measured by using ultraviolet spectrophotometric and hydrochloride naphthaline ethylenediamine methods. Results The death rates of GC of the first-generation and their descendants of emigrants were much lower than those contemporary beings in Wuwei, but were higher than those contemporary beings in Qitai country. The prevalence of GC had region and familial aggregation. The year canceration proportion of people who had precancerous diseases such as stomach polypus, atrophyic gastritis,gastric ulcer, and remnant stomach were 0.459 %, 0.431%, 0.381% and 0.178 % respectively. The percentage of crowd attributive risk were 41.26 %, 29.35 %, 4.68 % and 3.39 % respectively. Nitrogen contents of nitrate and nitrite either in surface water or in shallow water were significantly higher in Wuwei city than that in Lanzhou city (P＜0.01). Conclusion Death rates of GC for the emigrants of the first-generation and their descendants are much lower than their ancestry, but higher than those of the generation in Qitai county. The prevalence of GC has region and familial aggregation. It is the immanent factor of popular GC in Wuwei City that there are higher contents of nitrogen content of nitrate and nitrite in residenter' s drinking water and four precancerous diseases including stomach polypus, atrophyic gastritis, gastric ulcer,and remnant stomach.

BACKGROUND: The mental health of primary school teachers who have been working in remote mountain areas for a long time can be affected by the environment and conditions there.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the present mental health of mountain-area teachers to seek countermeasures of raising their mental health level.DESIGN: An investigation of random sampling questionnaires was carried out with the primary school teachers in remote mountain areas as observational subjects.SETTING: Department of Education, Xinzhou Teachers' Training Institute.PARTICIPANTS: From December 2003 to February 2004, 182 teachers who were randomly sampled from the 28 most remote mountain schools selected from seven counties and cities such as Wutai, Shenchi and Hequ in Shanxi Province, were selected as investigation subjects.METHODS: The self-assessed/measured symptom scale was used to assess the mental health of mountain area teachers. The scale was made up of 90 items, including 9 factors such as somatic disorder, obsessive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, depression, hostility, horror, paranoia,and psychoticism. There were 5 scaling levels: 1 shows 'never', 2 shows'mild', 3 shows 'moderate', 4 shows 'rather serious' and 5 shows 'severe'. Evaluation standard: If the factor score ≥ 2, they had mild symptoms; if any factor score ≥ 3, they were regarded as probably having mental problems above moderate degree. The major statistical indexes were the 9 factor scores, detection rate of moderate pain (factor score ≥ 3) and positive item number (factor score ≥ 2), all of which were compared with the national normal norm.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mental health of male/female teachers and teachers of different ages in mountain areas.RESULTS: Totally 182 copies of questionnaire were distributed, and 146of them were collected, with an effective rate of 80.2%. ① The total detection rate of psychological problems was 51.7%, in which male teachers made up 48.8% while female teachers 53.3%. Those with psychological problems above moderate level constituted 6.1%, of which male teachers held 1.4% and female teachers held 4.8%. The detection rate of each psychological problem among teachers of mountain areas ranged from2.1% to 12.3%. The symptoms ranked in detection rate from high to low were obsessive disorder, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, somatic symptom, psychoticism, paranoia, horror and hostility. ② The total score and total average score of self-assessed/measured symptom inventory of mountain area teachers were obviously higher than those of the normal norm. The number of positive items was smaller than that of the normal norm, but the average score of positive items was obviously higher than that of the normal norm. It showed that the level of mental health of mountain area teachers was generally lower than that of normal population in the nation. ③ All the factor scores on the self-assessed/measured symptom inventory of mountain area teachers were obviously higher than the level of national normal population (P ≤ 0.01). ④The number and average score of positive items of mountain area female teachers were higher than those of the male teachers. The factor scores on interpersonal sensitivity, depression and anxiety of the female teachers were higher than those of the male teachers with significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). ⑤The average score of positive items and the score of the factors such as somatic symptom and horror of the teachers aged ≥ 30 years old were significantly higher than those of the teachers aged under 30 years old (P≤ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The detection rate of psychological problems of mountain area teachers was relatively higher, which were mainly presented as obsessive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom. On the self-assessed/measured symptom inventory of the mountain area teachers, the total score, the total average score, the average score of positive items and the score of each factor were obviously higher than those of the national normal population. The incidence rate of psychological problems of the female teachers was higherthan that of the male teachers. The mental health leve1 of teachers aged 30 years old or above was relatively lower.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of two different surgical methods in hepatic cystic echinococcosis,and select the better surgical method in curative effect.Methods The clinical data of 120 patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into outer membrane integrity external capsule excision group and internal capsule excision + external capsule cavity group according to the surgical method with 60 cases each.The operation time,bleeding during operation,hospitalization time,intubation time,complication and recurrence were compared between the 2 groups.Results There was no statistical difference in bleeding during operation between the 2 groups (P＞ 0.05).The operation time in internal capsule excision + external capsule cavity group was shorter than that in outer membrane integrity external capsule excision group [(60.09 ± 9.50) min vs.(110.20 ± 18.50) min],the hospitalization time and intubation time in internal capsule excision + external capsule cavity group were longer than those in outer membrane integrity external capsule excision group [(11.65 ± 3.50) d vs.(7.55 ±1.50) d,(2.55 ± 0.55) months vs.(0.20 ± 0.05) months],there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of complication and rate of recurrence in internal capsule excision + external capsule cavity group were higher than those in outer membrane integrity external capsule excision group [28.3％ (17/60) vs.3.3％(2/60),25.0％(15/60) vs.1.7％(1/60)],there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The curative effect of outer membrane integrity external capsule excision is better than internal capsule excision + external capsule cavity,and outer membrane integrity external capsule excision is the preferred surgical methods of hepatic cystic echinococcosis.

Objective To compare the effect of different fracture fixation in the treatment of patients with Colles fracture.Methods 120 patients with Colles fracture were randomly divided into the study group and control group,6 0 cases in each group.The control group received the manipulative reduction and external fixation frame,while the study group was treated with open reduction and plate fixation of implementation.The fracture prognosis and the incidence of complications were recorded and compared.Results The total effective rate of the study group was 93.3％,the total effective rate of the control group was 91.7％,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (x2 =2.083,P ＞ 0.05).The obvious effective rate of the study group was 83.3 ％,that of the control group was 66.7％,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =5.436,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of complications between the two groups had no significant difference [3.3％ (2/60) vs 8.3％ (5/60),P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion The two plans in the treatment of Colles fracture had similar clinical effect,patients who unwilling to accept operation treatment can be given manipulative reduction and external fixation,if there is comminuted fracture,the open reduction and plate fixation should be implemented.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum thyroid hormone in elder patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its chnical significance.Methods A total of 436 elder patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (elder diabetes mellitus group) and 312 cases without diabetes mellitus (control group)were underwent thyroid ultrasound.For all of the patients,clinical data including fasting plasma glucose (FPG),hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c),serum lipid were tested.Serum thyroid hormone such as total triio dothyronine (TT3),total thyroxine (TT4),free triio dothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),thyrotrophin (TSH),antithyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were measured simultaneously.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the level of HbA1c:HbA1c ＜ 7.5％ group(132 cases),HbA1c 7.5％-9.0％ group(211 cases) and HbA1c ＞ 9.0％ group(93 cases).And they were also divided into 4 groups according to the level of duration:duration ≤ 1 year group (65 cases),1 year ＜ duration ≤ 5 years group(133 cases),5 years ＜ duration≤ 10 years group(195 cases) and duration ＞ 10 years group (43 cases).The levels of thyroid function and thyroid ultrasound were compared among different groups.Results The incidence of abnormal structure of thyroid was 19.7％ (86/436) and the incidence of hypothyroidism and sub-clinical hypothyroidism was higher than the incidence of hyperthyroidism and sub-clinical hyperthyroidism [14.4％ (63/436) vs.5.3％ (23/436)] in elder diabetes mellitus group,and there was significant difference(P＜ 0.05).Compared with that in control group,TT3,FT3 was decreased [(1.27 ± 0.20) nmol/L vs.(1.60 ± 0.34) nmol/L,(3.71 ± 0.49) pmol/L vs.(4.45 ± 0.62)pmol/L],TGAb,TPOAb and thyroid gland volume was increased [(74.73 ±41.25) kU/L vs.(40.05 ± 18.28) kU/L,(87.46 ± 36.81) kU/L vs.(42.39 ± 20.84) kU/L,(17.1 ± 3.0) ml vs.(13.7 ± 2.5) ml],the ratio of thyroid swelling and thyroid nodule was increased [17.66％(77/436) vs.4.17％(13/312),59.86％ (261/436) vs.29.49％ (92/312)],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).While the levels of HbA 1c increased,the levels of TT3 and TSH decreased simultaneously.The level of FT3 in HbA1c ＞ 9.0％ group was lower than that in HbA1c ＜ 7.5 ％ group and HbA1c 7.5 ％-9.0％ group [(3.46 ± 0.39) pmol/L vs.(3.73 ± 0.47),(3.75 ± 0.49) pmol/L] (P ＜ 0.05),the ratio of thyroid swelling,thyroid nodule and abnormal thyroid echo in HbA1c ＞ 9.0％ group was higher than that in HbA1c ＜ 7.5％ group and HbA1c 7.5％-9.0％ group [36.6％ (34/93) vs.11.4％ (15/132),13.3％ (28/211);90.3％ (84/93) vs.50.0％ (66/132),52.6％ (111/211) ;45.2％(42/93) vs.12.9％(17/132),15.2％(32/211)],and there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).When the duration of diabetes increased,the levels of TT3,FT3 decreased and the levels of TSH,TGAb increased simultaneously.Conclusions It is common that elder patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus always follow with thyroid dysfunction,which should be checked out and followed up.The levels of thyroid function are important for assessing the glucose metabolism in elder patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.