Penis is one of the most important components of male external genitalia.Congenital abnormalities and trauma may lead to genitourinary organ damage or default,which require reconstruction.With the development of tissue engineering(TE),penile corpora cavernosa tissue engineening has becoming the core of the penis reconstruction.Recent researches mainly focus on forming scaffolds and transplanting cells(including of endothelial cells and caveruosal smooth muscle cells). Recently, stem cell technology, gene therapy and nervous reconstructive techniques have been combined to promote the development of tissue engineering.Tissue engineering has been thought to be able to make possible the restoring and constructing of the structure and normal funetion of penile corpora cavernosa.This paper gives a review of the recent progress in associated researches on tissue engineering of the penile corpora cavernosa.

Objectives To investigate the specific site for measuring inferior alveolar nerve canal (IANC) by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT),and to provide reference data of the course of the IANC of the crowd.Methods This study was a retrospective data analysis.One hundred and thirty CBCT cases were measured and compared after classification by gender and age (65 men and 65 women,65 middle age and 65 youth).Since the proximal center of the mental foramen area,the cross-section at which the mental hole just completely breaks the buccal cortical bone was defined as S1,and S2,S3,S4 were defined as cross-sections with 1-cm apart from each other since S1.L1,L2,L3,and L4 were measured as the distance from specific sites on the outer wall of the IANC to the alveolar crest,the outer wall of lingual lateral cortical bone,the mandibular minimum margin,and the outer wall of buccal cortical bone.The results were analyzed using independent samples t test,with P＜0.05 being considered statistically significant.Results On the right IANC S2L1,S3L1,S4L1,S2L2,S3L2,S4L2,S1L3,S3L4,the 8 groups of L values measured on these 8 sites,all showed differences between genders (P＜0.05).So did the 10 groups of L values measured on the left IANC S1L1,S2L1,S3L1,S4L1,S1L2,S3L2,S4L2,S2L3,S3L3,S4L4 (P＜0.05).The middle age group and the youth group were statistically different for the data measured on the right IANC S2L4 (P＜0.05).This was the same case for the data measured on the left IANC S1L3.When classified according to gender,L1 in the S1 to S4 sections firstly increased and then decreased,and eventually decreased.The change pattern of L3 was opposite to that of L1.L2 in the S1 to S4 sections firstly decreased and then decreased,and eventually increased.The change pattern of L4 was opposite to that of L2.When the samples were classified according to age,the change pattern L value in the S1 to S4 sections was the same as that under gender classification.Conclusions The effect of gender on the L value of individuals is relatively great,while the effect of age on the L value of individuals value is very small.Setting the corresponding long axis of mandible as a reference,the change pattern of IANC in the mandible can be deduced based on the change of L value from S 1 to S4:from S1 to S4,the course of IANC on the vertical direction is firstly downward,tben turns to upward and goes upward;from S1 to S4,the trend of IANC on the horizontal direction is firstly toward the side of tongue,and eventually turns towards the buccal side.The current study provides reference data for IANC-related anatomy from the mandibular foramen to the mandibular second molars.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of leukotriene receptor antagonists in treatment of chronic cough. Methods Eighty-one patients with chronic cough, defined by the diagnostic protocol of chronic cough, were recruited. The including criteria are complaining cough 8 weeks or longer, age ≥ 14, nonsmoking or had quitted smoking≥4 weeks, not taking ACEI medicine, not complicated with gastroesophageal reflux related cough, upper airway cough syndrome (besides allergic rhinitis), tuberculosis of bronchus and with normal chest X-ray. Those diagnosed as cough variant asthma(CVA),allergic rhinitis (AR),eosinophilic bronchitis(EB),post infectious cough(PIC) were treated with leukotriene 10 mg daily at night. Results The 81 patients includes:36 cases of CVA,30 cases of AR,5 cases with EB,10 cases with PIC. After treatment based on diagnosis, cough disappeared in 67 patients, symptoms improved in 12 patients, and 2 patients' cough did not improved. Conclusions Leukotriene receptor antagonists is an aggressive anti-inflammatory therapy, which can release the symptom of cough and is an important medicine in the treatment of chronic cough.

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of gastric cancer under gastroscopy.Methods From Jan.2005 to Dec.2010,160 patients were diagnosed of gastric cancer by endoscopic biopsy.Clinical data of these patients were retrospectively summarized and analyzed.ResultsThere is a high rate of HP infection [71.25％ (114/160)]in the 160 cases with gastric cancer,especially in males,and the infection rate increased with age( Z =2.303,P =0.021 ).For the general morphology of gastric cancer,it was mainly Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ-types for those below or equals to 35 years old(9 cases).The rate of Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ types reduced and that of BorrmannⅠ& Ⅱ types increased with age.The ratio of male to female with gastric cancer was 2.26:1.However,the incidence of gastric cancer was higher in young female compared with young males.With the increase of age,the rate of prevalence of gastric cancer grew higher in males than in females ( Z =3.599,P ＜0.001 ).Incidence of gastric fundus-cardia and corpus cancer increased with age.Most patients had low-differentiation adenocarcinoma despite the specific sites of gastric cancer.However,the incidence of low-differentiation adenocarcinoma decreased with age(x2 =9.831,P=0.042).ConclusionThe development of gastric cancer is closely associated with HP infection.For the general morphology of gastric cancer,Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ types decrease and Borrmann Ⅰ & Ⅱ types increase with age.The incidence of gastric cancer in male and that located at proximal stomach are increased with age.Moreover,the incidence of high-grade malignant gastric cancer is increased with age.

Kidney disease is very general in clinic, most of it has complex mechanism and is refractory, often with demonstrations of edema, proteinuria and blood urine, and it often recurs and develops over insufficiency and pathogeny. Analyzing the clinical demonstrations and treatment of kidney disease with“lung viscera state”in“Internal Classics”, we can find the theories have guide meaning on treating and preventing the recurrence and development of kidney diseases, such as “upper energizer developing and distributing flavors of five cereals”on treating proteinuria, “lung stretching water channels and down-flowing bladder”on treating edema,“Shaoyin belonging to kidney which connects with lung”on treating blood urine.

Metabolic surgery have the ideal weight loss effect,can maintain the long-term ideal weight,and its effects on blood glucose control is better than the simple medical treatment.Therefore,metabolic surgery received widespread attention in China.More and more patients undergo metabolic surgery,but the surgeons often pay attention to the operation,neglecting the use of drugs after surgery.The patients are always complicated with a lack of vitamin and metabolic syndrome,such as type 2 diabetes mellitus,hypertension,polycystic ovary,sleep apnea,cardiovascular disease.Patients have taken drugs before surgery can cause esophageal reflux,ulcer,anemia,loss of calcium and other complications,patients need to be supplied with vitamins and minerals after surgery.So more attention should be paid to the rational application of drugs after surgery,to prevent adverse reactions from improper use of drugs,and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Xing Nao An Shen Jie Yu needling method (brain-awakening mind-calming and anti-depression needling method) in treating depression after cerebral stroke. Method Totally 120 patients with depression after cerebral stroke were randomized into two groups: the acupuncture group was intervened by An Shen Xing Nao Jie Yu needling method, while the Western medication group was by oral administration of Fluoxetine Hydrochloride capsules. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Barthel Index (BI) were adopted to evaluate the depression degree, neural function deficit, and activities of daily living after 4-week and 8-week treatments. Result The total effective rate was 96.5% in the acupuncture group, versus 83.9% in the Western medication group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the acupuncture group was superior to the Western medication group in improving the HAMD, NIHSS, and BI scores (P<0.01), and its therapeutic efficacy present with a feature of time-effect. Conclusion Xing Nao An Shen Jie Yu needling can significantly improve the symptoms of depression after cerebral stroke, promoting the recovery of neural function and enhancing the quality of life.

Objective To establish an UPLC method for content determination of gallic acid and oleandic acid in compound Huanggen granules. Methods Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column was used with the mobile phase of methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid by gradient elution. Flow rate was 0.2 mL.min-1 . Detection wavelength was set at 270 nm in the first 7 min for gallic acid and then changed to 215 nm for oleandic acid between 7 and 14 min. Results The linear concentration ranges of gallic acid and oleandic acid were 0.044 1-0.397 1 μg ( r=0.999 6,n=5) and 0.062 1-0.558 7μg ( r=0.999 8,n=5) . Their average recovery was 100. 20% ( RSD=0. 45%) and 99. 96%( RSD=0. 64%) , respectively. Conclusion The extablished method is simple,reproducible and specific, and can be use to the quality control of compound Huanggen granules.

Objective To analyze the pathogens and antibiotic resistance profile in patients with urinary tract infections who were treated from 2011 to 2013 to provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods SIEMENS MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system or API system was used for identification of bacteria and fungi.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by disk diffusion method.WHONET 5.6 software was used for data analysis.Results A total of 344 (29.9%) strains of pathogens were detected from 1 151 midstream urine culture specimens,of which 76.5% (263/344)were gram negative bacteria,including E.coli (53.2%,183/344),K.pneumoniae (9.6%,33/344),Proteus (6.1%,21/344),and P . aeruginosa (3.5%,12/344).About 23.5% (81/344)of the isolates were gram-positive bacteria,including Enterococcus faecalis (4.9%,17/344)and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (4.4%,15/344).ESBLs were produced in 51.9% of the E. coli isolates and 63.6% of the K.pneumoniae isolates.ESBLs-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to cephalosporins,quinolones,tetracyclines,sulfonamides and other antimicrobial agents than non-ESBLs-producing strains (P <0.05).Enterobacteriaceae isolates were highly sensitive to carbapenems (90.5%-100% sensitive).P .aeruginosa strains were relatively sensitive to ciprofloxacin,amikacin and meropenem (83.3%).Gram-positive cocci remained highly sensitive to antimicrobial agents.Regular monitoring and timely analysis of the pathogens of urinary tract infections and their resistance profile are of great importance to rational use of antimicrobial agents.

BACKGROUND:Silver sulfadiazine water gel dressings are a combination of two antibacterial drugs, which can play a local broad-spectrum, potent, long-lasting antibacterial effect to effectively control and prevent wound infection. OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of silver sulfadiazine water gel dressings on skin defects with wound infection and to explore its biocompatibility. METHODS:Thirty patients with skin defects combined with wound infection were randomized into observation and control groups. Folowing conventional debridement and dressing, the observation group was subject to wound rinse with normal saline, silver sulfadiazine water gel dressings and gauze bandage; in the control group, Vaseline gauze was used folowed by gauze bandage. Visual analog scale scores, dressing adhesion to wound, wound healing rate, and healing time were observed in the two groups at 0, 1, 2 weeks after dressing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The visual analog scale scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 1 and 2 weeks after dressing (P < 0.01), and the wound healing rate was also higher in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05); wound adhesions were milder in the observation group than the control group when dressing; the healing time was significantly shorter in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the silver sulfadiazine water gel dressing has good effects on the treatment of skin defects with wound infection, which can reduce pain, effectively control wound infections and promote wound healing.