By atomic absorbance spectrophotometry, the content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercure) in freshwater fish and shelfish in the market and in 2 lakes in Hanoi from June to December 2002 was analysed. The contents are: lead 100%, arsenic 98.5%, cadmium 92.9% and mercury 88.6%, they are in the tolerable limits according to 1998 year Vietnam MOH regulation 867/BYT. The contents of various heavy metals are not similar in diverse genera of fish and shelfish. In some genera of fish, arsenic contents are higher than average from 0..68 to 0.601 mg/kg and mercury content 0.053mg/kg. Heavy metal contents in 2 lakes of Thanh Tri district and in diverse markets in Hanoi have not significant differences
Metals, Heavy ; Mercury ; Lead

The gastroduodenal ulceration is a common disease in which rate of duodenal ulceration was higher 4 times than gastric ulceration. The causes of ulceration were excessive acid, impairment of factors for mucosal protection and presence of H. pylori. 100 patients with duodenal ulceration diagnosed by histology and endoscopy with diameter of ulceration more than 0.5 cm were divided into 2 groups; group 1: patients used lanzor + amoxycilline + dimixen and group 2: patient used losec + amoxycilline + dimixen. After 1 month of the treatment, patients in two groups were well tolerated. The rate of pain relief, scar healing in the group 2 was better than these in the group 2. The side effects in the two groups were little. The rate of side effects in the group 2 was lower than this in the group 1.
duodenal ulcer ; Duodenal Diseases ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

A total of 214 consumers and street vendors at Hai Ba Trung district, Ha Noi city, were trained in safe food handling knowledge as well as practices. It is an effective measure to improve the practices of street food preparation. The results were found that 89% of street vendors avoided contact of the bare hand with cooked foods, 73% used separate utensils for raw materials and cooked food, and 88% of them kept food hot for sell. Strengthening food safety, quality control systems, educating community about knowledge and safe food handling practices are essential in the community
Hygiene ; Quality Control ; Education

Primary schools in Dong Da district were involved in this study. It was found that 75% of schools have implemented 2 or more contents of school dentistry program, in which 35% of schools have implemented completely 4 contents of program. Factors that have affected to school dentistry are school health worker, cooperation of multi sectors, teacher and training material; student health insurance. School dentistry program has effected on acknowledge, practice and incidence of oral health problems. Need of parents for children oral health care at school is high.
School Dentistry ; Oral Health

ASLO is an antibody to streptolysin O. Streptolysin O is a hemolysin that produced by group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. Streptococcus can cause upper respiratory tract infection, acute glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. The rate of ASLO occurrence is 35.22%, in which 12.61% have pathological value with average titer of ASLO is 172.41 Todd. The children under 10 years old have ASLO occurrence rate higher than children over 10 years old. There was not difference between males and females. The rate of group A beta-type Streptococcus isolation is 21.30%.
Antistreptolysin O ; child

The antibody efficacy of 4 kinds of immune antiserum obtained the standard requirement. The antigen of Shigella flexneri generated the strongest immunoresponse and created the high antibody (1/3,200). The antiserum after absorption had a high specificity and ability for detecting the corresponding antigen. Manufactured antiserum met the standards including physical standard, asepsis, specificity and sensitivity and had stability of 18 months. Its standards were the same these of antiserum of Sanofi-Pasteur- France.
Shigella

Theophylline is one of drugs, which have the confined concentration of treatment (10-20mcrg/ml). Uptake, release depend significantly on individuals, thus the control of concentration is the obligatory affair to guarantee effective and safe. Many studies have been demonstrated that the concentration of theophylline in saliva and plasma have been had closely interrelated rate and quite stable. This rate about 0.5-0.6. Therefore, the suggestion use of concentration of theophylline in saliva to evaluate on comparing bioavalbility of manufactured products, which is necessary affair with high practicability
Theophylline ; Saliva ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

The synthesis, structure elucidation and bio-activity of certain new 2-subtituted thiazole derivatives were reported. The newly prepared compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. The result revealed that almost compounds were active against fungi, 5 compounds were active against gram-positive bacteria. Meanwhile, 3 compounds had a remarkable both antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Thiazoles ; Analogs & derivatives

Condensing 2-amino-4-methyl-5-carbe thoxythiazole obtained from the cyclization process between thioure and ethylacetoacetate and oidine with some acylating agents to yield 9 new compounds of thiazole. All of them were screened for their invitro antibacterial and antifungal activities with respect to clotrimazol and cloramphenicol. The results showed that [2-(3,5-substuted salicylamido)-4-methyl-5-car-bethoxythiazole] compounds are active against gram-positive bacteria.
2-aminothiazole ; Analogs & derivatives

The oral community survey in Yen Bai was conducted in 1997. 804 pupils (girls and boys aged 6 to 11 years old) who were ethnic minority primary pupils were examined for Dental caries and periodontal status and some of concerned elements using standard 1988 WHO basis oral health. Survey method and test question. Percentage of pupil affected by Dental carries of milk teeth: 41.79%, highest in Kinh group, lowest in Tay group. It is not alien from delta area and highland. Periodontal status: percentage of pupils who had CPI1=4.48%; CPI2=47.39%. It is not alien from delta area and highland but it is alien among nations, highest CPI2 was in H’Mong group. It needs a project to prevent reasonably oral diseases.
Tooth Diseases ; Pupil