By atomic absorbance spectrophotometry, the content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercure) in freshwater fish and shelfish in the market and in 2 lakes in Hanoi from June to December 2002 was analysed. The contents are: lead 100%, arsenic 98.5%, cadmium 92.9% and mercury 88.6%, they are in the tolerable limits according to 1998 year Vietnam MOH regulation 867/BYT. The contents of various heavy metals are not similar in diverse genera of fish and shelfish. In some genera of fish, arsenic contents are higher than average from 0..68 to 0.601 mg/kg and mercury content 0.053mg/kg. Heavy metal contents in 2 lakes of Thanh Tri district and in diverse markets in Hanoi have not significant differences
Metals, Heavy ; Mercury ; Lead

The cross - sectional survey on 500 private medical units at Ha Noi (300) and Da Nang (200) in 2003 showed that the average amount of times providing with health care by unit is 1095; the private medical installation having greatest times providing with heath care have realized 11.650 times/year. Each unit has in average 1139 times for medical consult, the case of emergency is 5.023 times, in average is 61 times by unit; each gyneco–obstetrical clinic has in average consult with pregnant women in 361 cases, the ultrasonic service is 1.118-1.200 times by unit and in average 855 times for biological examine by unit
Delivery of Health Care ; Health

Study on 154 patients with chest pain, mean age: 61 years old, males accounted for 65%. Most common risk factors were hypertension 74%, high serum cholesterol level 60.4%, smoking 47.4%, diabetes 19.5%, family history 30.5%. B-mode ultrasonographic findings were normal carotid arteries in 22 patients (14.3%), intima-media thickness (IMT) >0.7 mm in 132 patients (85.7%), plaques of unilateral carotid arteries in 77 patients (50%), and plaques of bilateral carotid arteries in 36 patients (23.4%). There was a correlation between the IMT, the plaques of carotid arteries and the ages
Atherosclerosis, chest pain, angina pectoris

The study was carried out in 60 patients with chest pain admitted at Nguyen Trai Hospital in order to assess the correlation between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) with the atherosclerotic risk factors. Results: IMT of right carotid artery positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, LDL level and negative correlated with HDL level, IMT of left carotid artery positively correlated with LDL level. IMT was linearly related to the total number of vascular risk factors. IMT had closed correlation with the age of subjects
Carotid Artery Diseases ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography

Total of 54 patients were diagnosed with pneumo-bronchitis using conventional and WHO 1990’s criteria. It is found that the younger the children with recurrent pneumo-bronchitis are, the more severe the status of admission is and the more rapidly the disease progresses. Clinical symptoms of patients do not depend on age. Clinical symptoms that have predictive value are cyanosis, contraction of thorax, bleeding cough, wheezing and neural dysfunction.
Respiratory Tract Diseases ; bronchitis ; pediatrics ; diagnosis

At a clinic of primary care on sterility and fertility, among 1000 couples, the classification of infertility's causes is male infertility: 25%, female: tubal occlusion 37.68%. An ovulation was 55.53%. Male + female: 13.47%. Tubal occlusion is the most frequent cause of infertility due to the result of post arboretum infection, post partum infection and after IUD's removal. (19% of primary infertility and 41% of secondary infertility).
Infertility ; Etiology ; Sterilization, Tubal ; Infertility, Male

The retrospective study was conducted on 506 cases of infertile female. Data were analysed statistically. The mechanical cause of secondary sterility originated from genital tract inflammation. 58.84% of cases of inflammation are developed after artificial abortion.
Infertility ; Inflammation ; Infertility, Female

Since the year 1993, on the purpose to protect the upper urinary tract and to ameliorate the quality of life, 160 intestinocystoplasties have been realized on many original diseases of the bladder: tumor, neurogenic bladder, chronic cystitis, urinary tuberculosis, cancer of the prostate. The ileum and ileocaecum were 2 positions of the GI tract chosen for reconstruction. Ileum was more preferred in the substitution as well as the augmentation procedures. The authors presented many modifications in technique, in the organization of the team of surgeons, in the postoperative surveillance. The results: showed that the neobladder had a good compliance: high volume and low pressure. They also showed that the continent intestinocystoplasty procedures had given a more improved quality of life in comparison with the other urinary diversion methods.
Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Tract

Background: Lang Son is a north mountianous province in Vietnam with population 727.081. It\u2019s residents belong to 8 ethnic minorities. Because their living conditions and education level is still low, they have limited access to new techniques to improve their living conditions, especially their health. In addtion, some districts in the province have to confront drug evil and HIV/AIDS epidemic. Objective: To define the current situation of maternal and child health care, reproductive health, HIV/AIDS and sexual transmissiondiseases prevention and offer interventional measures. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted in health workers and patients at the 4 commune health stations in Huu Lung and Chi Lang district on October/2004.Results and Conclusion: Termination of water and sanitation cause some diseases of mothers and children. Knowledge of people about pregnancy care as well as maternal and child health care are limited (32.2/12.6% pregnancy at labors in both districts has not been supported by trained attendance. In whole province, 32.6% children under 5 year older have malnutrition). Knowledge and practice of people on safe sex are limited so they might expose to HIV/AIDS, unwanted pregnancy and sexual transmission diseases.
Child Welfare/ psychology ; Maternal Welfare/ psychology ; Reproductive Medicine/ manpower ; methods ; HIV

Background: The adolescent\u2019s reproductive health is more and more concerned, especially in face of risk of HIV/AIDS epidemic for mankind. A variety of study and document show that adolescents have not had correct knowledge of reproductive health and HIV/AIDS preventive measures. Therefore, they have not had correct attitude and practice of their reproductive health as well as prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission. Objective: To define the current knowledge, attitude and practice of adolescents on reproductive health and HIV/AIDS prevention at two communes of Ly Nhan district, Nam Dinh province. Subjects and method:A cross-sectional, descriptive investigation combining with comparison of results of SAVY study was conducted in 401 adolescents between the age of 10 and 19 at Hop Ly and Hop Chinh communes of Ly Nhan district, Nam Dinh province, from April/2006 to June/2006. Results and Conclusion: Among 401 adolescents: men were more than female, 52.62% and 47.38%, respectively. 98.8% of them had the level of secondary or high school education. Only 1.2% had the level of primary education. 44.14% of adolescents had limited knowledge on safe sex. 21.5% of adolescents had correct and adequate understanding HIV transmission. 88% of adolescents could access to information of HIV/AIDS and RH via mass media.
Reproductive Medicine/ statistics & ; numerical data ; HIV/ isolation & ; purification ; Adolesce ; Health Knowledge ; Attitudes ; Practice ;