By atomic absorbance spectrophotometry, the content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercure) in freshwater fish and shelfish in the market and in 2 lakes in Hanoi from June to December 2002 was analysed. The contents are: lead 100%, arsenic 98.5%, cadmium 92.9% and mercury 88.6%, they are in the tolerable limits according to 1998 year Vietnam MOH regulation 867/BYT. The contents of various heavy metals are not similar in diverse genera of fish and shelfish. In some genera of fish, arsenic contents are higher than average from 0..68 to 0.601 mg/kg and mercury content 0.053mg/kg. Heavy metal contents in 2 lakes of Thanh Tri district and in diverse markets in Hanoi have not significant differences
Metals, Heavy ; Mercury ; Lead

This study was carried out on 24 children with near-drowning admitted to the Institute of Pediatric during 1/1998 - 6/2000 to find the epidemiological factors, clinical profile and common cause of pneumonia associated with near-drowning. The results have shown that most of children with near-drowning were male children with ages of 6-9 who lived in the country side and can not swim. The accidents occurred mainly during 3 months holiday. The water resources in ponds and lakes were polluted serious. The levels of pneumonia lesion associated with near-drowning was usually severe: 10/24 (42%) children suffered the respiratory impairment when admitting to hospital. The direct cause of pneumonia was negative gram microbials related with polluted water resources where children suffered from the near-drowning.
Pneumonia ; Near Drowning

Retrograde menstruation: Due to heat stagnation in the liver channel. Principle of treatment: clearing away the liver-fire, ensuring proper downward flow of the blood. Acupoints: Taichung, Chihkou, Hoku, Yinghsiang, Keshu. Reducing needle manipulation was applied. Due to deficiency of yin fluid of both the lung and kidney. Principle of treatment: Tonifying the kidney and moistening the lung, nourishing yin and stopping bleeding, ensuring proper downward flow of the blood. Acupoints: Taiyuan, Yuchi, Hoku, Yinghsiang, Taihsi. Uniform reinforcing, reducing needle manipulation was applied. 2. Hemafecia (hematuria) during mentruation. Including hemafecia before menstruation. Principle of treatment: clearing away heat and moistening, removing heat from the blood to stop bleeding. Acupoints: Chüchih, Erhchien, Neiting, Shangchuhsu, Chengshan, Liehchüch, Kungtsui. Reducing needle manipulation was applied. And Hematuria before menstruation. Principle of treatment: Diuresis, clearing away heat, removing heat from the blood to stop bleeding. Acupoints: Sanyinjiao, Hsiahchüshü, Xuehai, Yinlingchuan. Reducing needle manipulation was applied
Acupuncture ; Women ; Menstruation ; Therapeutics

Objective: to determine the proportion of mortality and related factors in ICU, Bach Mai Hospital from January 2003 to June 2004. Method: all medical records of deaths in ICU during this period are assessed retrospectively. Results: the mortality rate in ICU was 27.73%. Some factors related death were: age (mean ages 55.3  18.25); severe chronic diseases (62.3% of deaths); average APACHE II score at the admission was 25.7  8.34. There were differences in severity level according to APACHE II score among disease groups; multi-organ failure accounted for 24.6% of deaths, common seen in shock and sepsis patients); the decrease of albumin concentration was observed in more than 90% of patients at everytime tested); nosocomial infection rate was 39%; and inaccuracy diagnosis at basis medical was 50.7% of rate.
Mortality ; Epidemiology

Study on 1600 servants of 26 various companies, production units belongs to General Corporation Electricity of Vietnam (EVN) during 4 weeks, in 2004. The most common diseases included acute diseases (hay fever 16.6%), otorhinolaryngologic diseases (25.5%), and dental diseases (15.7%), especially the rates of accidents, trauma increase twofold compared to the rates of whole country (2.6% vs. 1.2%). The number of ill stages was 1.76/person/year and the rate of sick servants who workless was 3.62%, higher than rate of whole country and other industries. The percentage of civil servants having 1 and 2 types of health was 77.4%, bad health of 4 and 5 types was 4.4%.
Health ; Electricity ; Vietnam

Investigation into 2771 pupils (1338 boys and 1433 girls) in 4 grade class groups (1, 5, 9,and 12) at districts of Hai Ba Trung, Cau Giay, Soc Son, Gia Lam of Ha Noi City from October to December 2004. Grade 1 class group included 623 pupils, grade 2 class group included 713 pupils, grade 9 class group included 695 pupils and grade 12 class group included 740 pupils. Rate of soliosis in these pupils was 18.91%. The highest rate of soliosis was in grade 9 class group (22.16%), the lowest rate in grade 1 class group (16.37%). The highest rate of soliosis was in Hai Ba Trung district, the lowest rate in Gia Lam district
Spinal Diseases ; Pupil

Previous papers have reported that polyphenols from green tea (Camelia sinensis L.) were useful for controlling dental caries. This study examined the effects of the ethanol total polyphenol extract (CX) of green tea leaves on dental caries causing Streptococcus mutans. CX showed to inhibit the glycolysis, biofilm formation and respiration of S. mutans. At the concentration of 0.05%, CX suppressed 30% oxygen consumption in glucose excessive medium, totally inhibited NADH oxidase activity and killed the bacteria with D value of about 13 minutes. The combination of 0.025% CX and 0.25 mM NaF blocked pH drop during glycolysis. Polyphenols from green tea leaves inhibited therefore the adherence of S. mutans in vitro and proved to be effective against dental caries.
Tea ; Plants ; Biochemistry ; Dental Caries ; Streptococcus mutans

This retrospective study was carried out on 12 duodenal traumas operated at the Department of Surgery, Saint Paul Hospital, Hanoi between 1993 and 1997, including 3 cases of simple duodenal lesions and 9 cases duodenal lesions with pancreatic lesions and other organs. Diagnoses were based on clinical symptoms, exploring methods and treatment of American abdominal trauma surgery and Moore. All cases operated duodenal trauma of I-IV degree were abdominal drainaged
Duodenal Diseases ; Wounds and Injuries ; Pancreatic Diseases

Study of the nutrition of workers on 5 sea objects on March 2003 showed that , each worker received 5000 Kcal per day from diet. The ration provided enough calories but it is not balanced according to the standard: over 20% of energy from protein (66.4% of them from animal products), 3% of energy from lipid (66.4% from animal products). This ration have no good influences on worker’s health, the excess of animal protein and lipid will lead to the risks of chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and gout.
Nutritional Status ; Malnutrition ; Oils ; Gases

The cross - sectional survey on 500 private medical units at Ha Noi (300) and Da Nang (200) in 2003 showed that the average amount of times providing with health care by unit is 1095; the private medical installation having greatest times providing with heath care have realized 11.650 times/year. Each unit has in average 1139 times for medical consult, the case of emergency is 5.023 times, in average is 61 times by unit; each gyneco–obstetrical clinic has in average consult with pregnant women in 361 cases, the ultrasonic service is 1.118-1.200 times by unit and in average 855 times for biological examine by unit
Delivery of Health Care ; Health