By atomic absorbance spectrophotometry, the content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercure) in freshwater fish and shelfish in the market and in 2 lakes in Hanoi from June to December 2002 was analysed. The contents are: lead 100%, arsenic 98.5%, cadmium 92.9% and mercury 88.6%, they are in the tolerable limits according to 1998 year Vietnam MOH regulation 867/BYT. The contents of various heavy metals are not similar in diverse genera of fish and shelfish. In some genera of fish, arsenic contents are higher than average from 0..68 to 0.601 mg/kg and mercury content 0.053mg/kg. Heavy metal contents in 2 lakes of Thanh Tri district and in diverse markets in Hanoi have not significant differences
Metals, Heavy ; Mercury ; Lead

Total of 54 patients were diagnosed with pneumo-bronchitis using conventional and WHO 1990’s criteria. It is found that the younger the children with recurrent pneumo-bronchitis are, the more severe the status of admission is and the more rapidly the disease progresses. Clinical symptoms of patients do not depend on age. Clinical symptoms that have predictive value are cyanosis, contraction of thorax, bleeding cough, wheezing and neural dysfunction.
Respiratory Tract Diseases ; bronchitis ; pediatrics ; diagnosis

At a clinic of primary care on sterility and fertility, among 1000 couples, the classification of infertility's causes is male infertility: 25%, female: tubal occlusion 37.68%. An ovulation was 55.53%. Male + female: 13.47%. Tubal occlusion is the most frequent cause of infertility due to the result of post arboretum infection, post partum infection and after IUD's removal. (19% of primary infertility and 41% of secondary infertility).
Infertility ; Etiology ; Sterilization, Tubal ; Infertility, Male

The retrospective study was conducted on 506 cases of infertile female. Data were analysed statistically. The mechanical cause of secondary sterility originated from genital tract inflammation. 58.84% of cases of inflammation are developed after artificial abortion.
Infertility ; Inflammation ; Infertility, Female

Since the year 1993, on the purpose to protect the upper urinary tract and to ameliorate the quality of life, 160 intestinocystoplasties have been realized on many original diseases of the bladder: tumor, neurogenic bladder, chronic cystitis, urinary tuberculosis, cancer of the prostate. The ileum and ileocaecum were 2 positions of the GI tract chosen for reconstruction. Ileum was more preferred in the substitution as well as the augmentation procedures. The authors presented many modifications in technique, in the organization of the team of surgeons, in the postoperative surveillance. The results: showed that the neobladder had a good compliance: high volume and low pressure. They also showed that the continent intestinocystoplasty procedures had given a more improved quality of life in comparison with the other urinary diversion methods.
Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Tract

Background: Lang Son is a north mountianous province in Vietnam with population 727.081. It\u2019s residents belong to 8 ethnic minorities. Because their living conditions and education level is still low, they have limited access to new techniques to improve their living conditions, especially their health. In addtion, some districts in the province have to confront drug evil and HIV/AIDS epidemic. Objective: To define the current situation of maternal and child health care, reproductive health, HIV/AIDS and sexual transmissiondiseases prevention and offer interventional measures. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted in health workers and patients at the 4 commune health stations in Huu Lung and Chi Lang district on October/2004.Results and Conclusion: Termination of water and sanitation cause some diseases of mothers and children. Knowledge of people about pregnancy care as well as maternal and child health care are limited (32.2/12.6% pregnancy at labors in both districts has not been supported by trained attendance. In whole province, 32.6% children under 5 year older have malnutrition). Knowledge and practice of people on safe sex are limited so they might expose to HIV/AIDS, unwanted pregnancy and sexual transmission diseases.
Child Welfare/ psychology ; Maternal Welfare/ psychology ; Reproductive Medicine/ manpower ; methods ; HIV

Background: The adolescent\u2019s reproductive health is more and more concerned, especially in face of risk of HIV/AIDS epidemic for mankind. A variety of study and document show that adolescents have not had correct knowledge of reproductive health and HIV/AIDS preventive measures. Therefore, they have not had correct attitude and practice of their reproductive health as well as prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission. Objective: To define the current knowledge, attitude and practice of adolescents on reproductive health and HIV/AIDS prevention at two communes of Ly Nhan district, Nam Dinh province. Subjects and method:A cross-sectional, descriptive investigation combining with comparison of results of SAVY study was conducted in 401 adolescents between the age of 10 and 19 at Hop Ly and Hop Chinh communes of Ly Nhan district, Nam Dinh province, from April/2006 to June/2006. Results and Conclusion: Among 401 adolescents: men were more than female, 52.62% and 47.38%, respectively. 98.8% of them had the level of secondary or high school education. Only 1.2% had the level of primary education. 44.14% of adolescents had limited knowledge on safe sex. 21.5% of adolescents had correct and adequate understanding HIV transmission. 88% of adolescents could access to information of HIV/AIDS and RH via mass media.
Reproductive Medicine/ statistics & ; numerical data ; HIV/ isolation & ; purification ; Adolesce ; Health Knowledge ; Attitudes ; Practice ;

Background: According to the National Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology, over 90% of the Vietnamese population has dental diseases in 2001. Although school dental care programs were developed in the early 1980s, the prevalence of dental diseases still remains high in pupils. In Ha Noi, the majority of schools performed only two or three of the four contents of the school dental care program. Objectives: To assess the school dental care services at four primary schools in Ha Noi. Subjects and method: A study was performed on the schools management staffs, teachers, school health workers and 1st year pupils of four primary schools in Ha Noi in the period from October 2004 to April 2006. There were 181 first year pupils. This was a community intervention study. Results and conclusions: The dental education program was in the 1st grade schoolbook. The schools did not directly treat dental diseases for pupils because they lacked the equipments, dental medicine and dentists. All 100% of the pupils were educated about dental hygiene After implementing the interventions of the pilot model of the school dental care services; the knowledge of dental care was improved dramatically in all the mentioned schools. The prevalence of dental caries decreased from 54.14% to 42.77%. 82.77% of the pupils possessed the knowledge of dental care after intervention vs 41.44% before intervention and 75% vs 33.56% possessed the skill of dental care practice.
School dental care ; dental disease ; pupil ; school

Background: Chronic pancreatitis lithiasis is a common disease. The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is based on medical history, clinical examination and paraclinical methods such as blood biochemical test, CT scan, ultrasound, etc\u2026 Objective: The aim of this multicenter study was to report the short term results of the Frey procedure in treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Subject and Method: During the timescale between January 2002 to September 2007, Frey procedures were performed on chronic pancreatitis in 7 hospitals. This study included 41 men (93.2%) and 3 women (6.8%) with the mean age of 43.10 +/- 11.24. Surgery was indicated for abdominal pain in all patients requiring opiates, with a weight loss of 100% (44 patients). Results: There was no mortality. Postoperative surgical complications occurred in 5 patients. 4 patients had bleeding requiring operation, 3 patients had surgical infections without requiring intervention, no complication of pancreas fistula and CP. 40 patients had complete pain relief. Conclusion: Frey\u2019s operation is a safe procedure with low mortality and complication.
Chronic pancreatitis ; Frey\u2019s operation

A survey has been carried out at 36 communes from 9 provinces represented for the whole country from January to March 1996 in order to evaluate the drug sale, the drug management in commune health stations and in private pharmacies. The results indicate that there are also many limitations and weaknesses in performance of certain regulations of MOH. The authors have proposed some procedures to improve these limitations.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Residence Characteristics