PURPOSE: Postoperative hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis may sometimes follow abdominal surgery but the significance and cause of hyperamylasemia after colorectal surgery were not studied enoughly. Our study was designed to identify the incidence of hyperamylasemia after colorectal surgery, to investigate the effect of hyperamylasemia on postoperative hospital course, and to clarify the causes such as extent of colorectal resection or intraoperative events. METHODS: The serum amylase was determined in post operative first day in random sampled 72 patient among whom underwent elective colorectal resection from March 2000 to July 2001. If a hyperamylasemia was evident, repeated check the level till it returned to within normal range. Other factors that seemed to affect serum amylase such as traction of pancreas during operative manupulation, intraoperative hypotensive episode or infused drug and volume expanders etc. were reviewed and analysed. RESULTS: Hyperamylasemia occurred in 25 patients (34.7%) after colorectal surgery. Serum amylse level returned to normal in all but nine patients (12.4%) by third postoperative day, two patients (2.8%) by the fifth postoperative day. Pancreas manupulation and intraoperative use of volume expander, amylopectin were found to be significantly associated with postoperative hyperamylasemia by 2-test and pearson correlation analysis. The developement of hyperamylasemia did not adversely influence the postoperative hospital course. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-five (34.7%) in seventy-two patients who underwent colorectal surgery developed hyperamylasemia after operation. The incidence was significantly high in a group who underwent surgical procedure with more pancreas manupulation and infused hydroxyethyl starch (amylopectin) containing volume expander. The development of postoperative hyperamylasemia did not seem to influence adversely the postoperative hospital course in this study.
Amylases ; Amylopectin ; Colorectal Surgery* ; Humans ; Hyperamylasemia* ; Incidence ; Pancreas ; Pancreatitis ; Reference Values ; Starch ; Traction

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to determine the effect of the kinds and concentration of cryoprotectants and freezing temperature on the survival rate of frozen erythrocytes. METHODS: Erythrocytes mixed with three different concentrations of amylopectin, k-carrageenan, dextran and hydroxyethylstarch as cryoprotectants were frozen at -10, -30, -50 and -196degrees, respectively, and thawed at 35degrees. The survival rate of frozen erythrocytes was determined by hemoglobin concentration of supernatant of thawed erythrocytes. Morphological changes were observed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Frozen erythrocytes with amylopectin or k-carrageenan showed relatively low survival rate (<40%). In case of erythrocytes with dextran, the survival rate of erythrocytes with 30% dextran showed significantly increased survival rate compared with 20% or 25% dextran (p<0.05). The survival rates of erythrocytes with 30% dextran and freezing temperature of -10degrees, -50degrees and -196degrees showed 80.44%, 73.61% and 88.84%, respectively. Frozen erythrocytes with hydroxyethylstarch showed significantly high survival rate with freezing temperature of -196degrees (hydroxyethylstarch conc. 20%: survival rate 66.26%, 25%: 64.51%, 30%: 86.22%) compared with other freezing temperature. Most of frozen erythrocytes with amylopectin of k-carrageenan were changed to spherocytes by freezing process. The change to echinocytes of erythrocytes with dextran was decreased according to the increasing concentration of dextran. The change to stomatocytes of erythrocytes with hydroxyethylstarch was decreased according to the increasing concentration of dextran. CONCLUSION: It was found that the kinds and concetration of cryoprotectants and freezing temperature affected the survival rate and morphological change of erythrocytes. Dextran or hydroxyethylstarch could increase the survival rate of frozen erythrocytes over 80% by protection of erythrocytes from the physical, chemical stress during freezing process.
Amylopectin ; Cryopreservation ; Dextrans ; Erythrocytes* ; Freezing ; Humans* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Spherocytes ; Survival Rate*

AIMTo prepare amylopectin anchored dipyridamole (DIP) liposome and to study its tissue distribution in mice.

METHODSThe regular DIP liposomes were prepared by film-scatter method. The amphiphilic O-palmitoyl amylopectin was synthesized and added to modify the surface of liposome. The entrapping efficiency, zeta potential, mean diameter, span of modified and regular liposomes were assayed. The RP-HPLC was used for the determination of DIP concentration in mice tissue.

RESULTSAfter modification, the entrapping efficiency depressed, zeta potential was raised, mean diameter and span had no obvious change. The level of DIP in lung, liver and spleen for regular liposomes were higher than that of injections. Compared with regular liposomes, the modified liposomes increased the DIP level in lung, and decreased the DIP level in liver, spleen, moreover, lengthened the retention time of DIP in lung.

CONCLUSIONThe distribution of modified liposome in mice was markedly changed as compared with regular liposomes and injections. The modified liposomes had obvious lung targeting property.

Amylopectin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Dipyridamole ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Liposomes ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Palmitates ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Tissue Distribution