This study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro activities of arbekacin-based combination regimens against vancomycin hetero-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hetero-VISA). Combinations of arbekacin with vancomycin, rifampin, ampicillin-sulbactam, teicoplanin, or quinipristin-dalfopristin against seven hetero-VISA strains and two methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains were evaluated by the time-kill assay. The combinations of arbekacin with vancomycin, teicoplanin, or ampicillinsulbactam showed the synergistic interaction against hetero-VISA strains. Data suggest that these arbekacin-based combination regimens may be useful candidates for treatment options of hetero-VISA infections.
Virginiamycin/administration & dosage ; Vancomycin/*administration & dosage ; Teicoplanin/administration & dosage ; Sulbactam/administration & dosage ; Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects/isolation & purification ; Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy/microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Methicillin Resistance ; Humans ; Drug Synergism ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Dibekacin/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*administration & dosage ; Ampicillin/administration & dosage ; Aminoglycosides/*administration & dosage

Ampicillin sodium was embeded in ethylcellulose (EC) nanospheres made of low-molecular-weight EC. Low-molecular-weight EC was attained with ethylcellulose being degraded by 34% (w/w) nitric acid; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 13C-NMR, element analysis confirmed that the basic structure and major properties of low-molecular-weight EC maintained agreement with those of undegraded EC except that the polymerization degree of EC decreased. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the crystallinity of degraded EC decreased. Ampicillin sodium loaded EC nanospheres were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, FTIR and in vitro drug release. Molecular weight of EC would affect the size of nanospheres, distribution and drug encapsulation efficiency. Drug loaded nanospheres resulted in the drug control release in 3-10 hours.
Ampicillin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Cellulose ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemical synthesis ; Nanospheres ; Nanotechnology ; methods ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; X-Ray Diffraction

Generalized pustular skin eruptions as a form of drug eruption is a rare entity. Recently this unique pustular dermatosis has been termed as acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. We report on a 19-year-old man with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis probably induced by ampicillin. The patient presented with erythematous and pinhead-sized subcorneal pustules after taking ampicillin for abdomimal pain. The patient complained of high fever and malaise. On further review of his history, generalized skin eruptions had been noted on at least three other occasions. Each episode occured following oral administration of antibiotics. A histological examination of a skin biposy specimen showed a subcorneal pustules with a few neutrophils, dermal edema and necrotic keratinocytes. After discontinuation of ampicillin, the eruption cleared within 4 days.
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis* ; Administration, Oral ; Ampicillin* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Drug Eruptions ; Edema ; Fever ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Neutrophils ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Young Adult

Selective intestinal decontamination (SID) with norfloxacin has been widely used for the prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) because of a high recurrence rate and preventive effect of SID for SBP. However, it does select resistant gut flora and may lead to SBP caused by unusual pathogens such as quinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli or gram-positive cocci. Enterococcus hirae is known to cause infections mainly in animals, but is rarely encountered in humans. We report the first case of SBP by E. hirae in a cirrhotic patient who have previously received an oral administration of norfloxacin against SBP caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and presented in septic shock.
Administration, Oral ; Ampicillin/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Ascitic Fluid/microbiology ; Enterococcus/*isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/complications/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Peritonitis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Sepsis/*etiology