The bioavailability of amoxicilline for oral suspension was studied. The plasma concentrations of amoxicilline were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using UV detector. The results of this study indicate that peak concentration (Cmax) of amoxicillin for oral suspension is 35.8 mcg/ml, time of peak concentration (tmax) is 1h and relative bioavailability is 137% and 169.5% comparing with capsules of Hamburg, pharmaceutical factory B, respectively.
Amoxicillin ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

The bioavailability of amoxiciline for oral suspension was determined using urinary excretion method. The average cumulative (mg) amoxiciline excreted after 24 hour for capsule (Hamburg), capsule (pharm.fac.B) and granule for suspension is 405.3mg, 341.2mg and 519.9mg, respectively.
Amoxicillin ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

The study was carried out on 18 healthy volunteers (9 men and 9 women), from 21 - 36 years old, all of them don’t be alcohol and smoke addiction. The result: in the experience condition, the plasma concentration of amoxcilin while using 1000mg tablet, 2 times/24 hours is higher than dose 500mg, 3 times/24 hours for both tablet and capsule. The treatment regimen based on 500mg tablet, 3 times/24 hours ensures more rapid absorption than on 500mg capsule, but it don’t change the bioavailable and the bioequivalence of drug
Biological Availability ; Amoxicillin ; Therapeutics

No abstract available.
Amoxicillin ; Myasthenia Gravis

UV - spectrophotometric (UV) and high performance liquid chromatographic methods (HPLC) were described in determining amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in pharmaceutical preparations. Spectrophotometrically, amoxicillin was determined by measuring the absorbance values at 320 nm in buffer-CuS04 solution (pH 5.2) for amoxicillin and at 313 nm in imidazol solution (pH 6.8) for clavulanic acid. Beer's Law was obeyed in range 12 - 32mg. ml-1 for amoxicillin and 12 - 22 mg. ml-1 for clavulanic acid. The simultaneous HPLC method depended upon using a reserved phase RP18 column at ambient temperature with a mobile phase consisting of methanol - phosphate solution pH 4.4 (4:96) at a flow rate 1ml.min-1. Quantitation was achieved by UV detection at 220 nm. Calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 50-150 mg. ml-1 for amoxicillin and 15-35 mg. ml-1 for clavulanic acid. Both spectrophotometry and HPLC method showed good linear correlation, precision and accuracy. The obtained results from spectrophotometry and HPLC method showed no significant difference. Both methods were successfully applied to the assay of commercial tablets. The procedures were rapid, simple and suitable for quality control applications
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Amoxicillin ; Clavulanic Acid

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the adjuvant effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on first-line sequential therapy (SQT) for Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: Patients with H. pylori infections were randomly assigned to receive sequential therapy with (SQT+NAC group, n=49) or without (SQT-only group, n=50) NAC. Sequential therapy consisted of rabeprazole 20 mg and amoxicillin 1 g for the first 5 days, followed by rabeprazole 20 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg and metronidazole 500 mg for the remaining 5 days; all drugs were administered twice daily. For the SQT+NAC group, NAC 400 mg bid was added for the first 5 days of sequential therapy. H. pylori eradication was evaluated 4 weeks after the completion of therapy. RESULTS: The eradication rates by intention-to-treat analysis were 58.0% in the SQT-only group and 67.3% in the SQT+NAC group (p=0.336). The eradication rates by per-protocol analysis were 70.0% in the SQT-only group and 80.5% in the SQT+NAC group (p=0.274). Compliance was very good in both groups (SQT only/SQT+NAC groups: 95.2%/100%, p=0.494). There was no significant difference in the adverse event rates between groups (SQT-only/SQT+NAC groups: 26.2%/26.8%, p=0.947). CONCLUSIONS: The H. pylori eradication rate was numerically higher in the SQT+NAC group than in the SQT-only group. As our data did not reach statistical significance, larger trials are warranted.
Acetylcysteine* ; Amoxicillin ; Clarithromycin ; Compliance ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Metronidazole ; Rabeprazole

BACKGROUND: CLSI provides a guideline only for a agar dilution method of testing clarithromycin susceptibility for Helicobacter pylori. This study was to evaluate a disk diffusion method for clarithromycin and amoxicillin. METHODS: One hundred and forty clinical isolates of H. pylori isolated from May 2005 to May 2007 were tested by the CLSI agar dilution method and a disk diffusion method using 2microgram (2CLR) and 15microgram (15CLR) clarithromycin disks and 2microgram (2AMX) and 10microgram (10AMX) amoxicillin disks. The interpretation criteria used for the disk diffusion method were established by linear regression and error rate-bounded method for disk diffusion zone of inhibition (DDZ) compared to MIC. RESULTS: Resistance and intermediate rates to clarithromycin were 21.4% and 1.4%, respectively. A number of isolates with MIC 0.5, 1, and 2 (microgram/mL) to amoxicillin were 7, 2, and 1, respectively. For 2CLR and 15CLR, the coefficients of determination (R2) between MIC and DDZ were 0.931 and 0.923 (P< 0.001), respectively, and the criteria for resistance/ susceptibility were 12/28 mm for 2CLR and 23/39 mm for 15CLR. For 2AMX and 10AMX, the R2 between MIC and DDZ were 0.478 and 0.421 (P< 0.001), respectively, and the criteria for resistance with breakpoint of 2microgram/mL were 21 mm for 2AMX and 32 mm for 10AMX. All isolates had DDZ<60 mm with 2CLR and 2AMX, but 61.4% and 75.7% of the isolates had DDZ<60 mm with 15CLR and 10AMX, respectively. CONCLUSION: Excellent correlation and agreement between MIC and DDZ were found for clarithromycin and amoxicillin. With 2microgram disks, the susceptibility breakpoints were 28 mm or less; thus, two disks could be tested in one plate.
Agar ; Amoxicillin ; Clarithromycin ; Diffusion ; Helicobacter ; Helicobacter pylori ; Linear Models

BACKGROUND: We compared currently available four antimicrobial susceptibility test methods for H.pylori to find out a practical method suitable for testing a few strains of H.pylori at a time in the clinical microbiology laboratory. METHODS: With 37 clinical isolates of H.pylori, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed against amoxicillin (AMX), clarithromycin (CLR), and metronidazole (MTZ) using disk diffusion method with egg yolk emulsion (EYE) media, E test with EYE and Mueller Hinton blood agar plate (MH BAP), and modified broth microdilution methods (mBMD). RESULTS: The results of AMX and CLR showed a complete agreement between the four methods. For MTZ, however, a significant discrepancy was observed between the results obtained by the four methods. In four strains exhibiting high minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC, > or =32 mg/L) to MTZ, category agreement was excellent, but correlation was not good in 13 strains with the MTZ MICs of 8 to 16 mg/L. In 20 strains with MTZ MICs between 0.25 mg/L and 4 mg/L, category agreement was excellent, but correlation between MICs or inhibitory zone diameters was not good. Etest EYE and Etest MH BAP methods showed a 100% agreement in the susceptibility category of MTZ. CONCLUSION: In routine practice, the most practical method for testing susceptibility of H.pylori to AMX and CLR seems to be the disk diffusion method with EYE or MH BAP. But for MTZ, a duplicate test using both Etest and disk diffusion test is recommended until more standardized, economical, and technically easier test methods become available.
Agar ; Amoxicillin ; Clarithromycin ; Diffusion ; Egg Yolk ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Metronidazole

A 12-year-old boy developed cholestatic hepatitis with Steven-Johnson syndrome following the use of amoxicillin. The skin lesion and general condition were improved over 2 weeks, but jaundice was gradually aggrevated. We performed liver biopsy, on 30th hospital day, which showed cholestatic hepatitis. The patient improved gradually and liver function was normalized 5 months later.
Amoxicillin ; Biopsy ; Child ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Liver ; Male ; Skin

PURPOSE: The efficacy of antibiotic therapy for acute sinusitis is controversial. This study aimed to compare the efficacies of amoxicillin with nasal irrigation and nasal irrigation alone for acute sinusitis in children. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, controlled study included 80 children aged 4-15 years with a clinical presentation of acute sinusitis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either amoxicillin (80 mg/kg/day) in 3 divided doses orally for 14 days with saline nasal irrigation (for 5 days) and 0.25% phenylephrine (for 2 days) or the same treatment without amoxicillin. Clinical improvements in their initial symptoms were assessed on days 3, 14, 21, and 28. RESULTS: On day 3, patients in the amoxicillin with nasal irrigation group showed significant clinical improvement (P=0.001), but there was no significant difference in the degree of improvement between the amoxicillin with nasal irrigation and nasal irrigation alone groups during follow-up (P>0.05). In addition, no significant differences were seen in age, sex, and degree of improvement between groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: High-dose amoxicillin with saline nasal irrigation relieved acute sinusitis symptoms faster and more often than saline nasal irrigation alone. However, antibiotic treatment for acute sinusitis confers only a small therapeutic benefit over nasal irrigation.
Amoxicillin* ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nasal Lavage* ; Phenylephrine ; Sinusitis*