No abstract available.
Amnesia, Transient Global* ; Infarction*

No abstract available.
Amnesia, Transient Global ; Gastroscopy

No abstract available.
Amnesia, Transient Global* ; Humans ; Writing*

We report two patients who complained of transient anterograde amnesia and repetitive questioning, that developed after taking zolpidem and lasted for several hours. The clinical manifestations of these patients fulfill the clinical criteria for transient global amnesia (TGA). The typical clinical manifestation of TGA following the consumption of zolpidem suggests a possible relationship associated with its drug mechanism.
Amnesia, Anterograde ; Amnesia, Transient Global ; Humans

No abstract available.
Amnesia, Transient Global* ; Incidence* ; Korea* ; Seasons*

No abstract available.
Amnesia, Transient Global* ; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome*

Background and purpose: Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a rare amnestic syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of a selective anterograde and retrograde amnesia with a time course of up to 24 hours. Recent studies have found a high frequency of small high-signal abnormalities in the hippocampus on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and accordingly ischemia has been proposed as an etiology of TGA. We hypothesized that TGA lesions occur preferentially in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, which is known to be susceptible to ischemia. Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of TGA underwent DWI both within 24 hours of symptom onset and 3 days later. Twenty patients with high-signal abnormalities in the hippocampus on the initial DWI underwent subsequent DWI and T2-weighted imaging in the coronal plane to precisely localize the lesions. Results: Seventeen patients had small high-signal abnormalities (with diameters of 1-3 mm) in the hippocampus unilaterally on DWI. One of these patients had two lesions in one hippocampus. Three of the 20 patients had lesions bilaterally in the hippocampus, 1 of whom had 3 bilateral lesions. A total of 25 lesions were identified: 5 in the hippocampal head, 19 in the body, and 1 in the tail. Six patients had unilateral lesions on the left,11 patients had them on the right, and 3 patients had bilateral lesions. Conclusions: In this study, lesions associated with TGA were localized mostly to the lateral portion of the hippocampus, corresponding to CA1. This finding supports the ischemic etiology of TGA, but the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism requires further investigation.
Amnesia, Retrograde ; Amnesia, Transient Global ; Head ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Ischemia

I studied 10 patients with transient global amnesia (TGA). On the C-T Brain Scan, 8 patients were normal and 1 patient had an old infarction in the right cerebral hemisphere and 1 patient had right medial thalamic hemorrhage. Electronencephalography was taken in 8 patients who were normal in C-T Brain Scan and the results were normal in all patients. Durations of amnesia were no longer than 6 hours in all patients except 1 patient that had amnesia for 6 days. Associated conditions and diseases with TGA patients were hypertension (in 5 patients), hypertrigliceridemia (in 4 Patients), cardiac arrthmia (in 2 patients), transient ischemic attack (in 1 patient) and diabetes mellitus (in 1 patient).
Amnesia ; Amnesia, Transient Global* ; Brain ; Cerebrum ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Ischemic Attack, Transient

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a stereotypic condition characterized by anterograde and retrograde amnesia that typically resolves within 24 hours. The pathophysiology of TGA is still unclear. We noted that patients hospitalized with TGA tend to appear in seasonal clusters, and decided to investigate this phenomenon. METHODS: Every patient with acute presentation of amnesia at our medical center is hospitalized for observation and evaluation. We reviewed the monthly occurrence of TGA in our patient population between 2000 and 2014, and compared this to non-TGA hospitalizations during the same time period. RESULTS: During the analysis period, 154 patients who met the criteria for TGA were hospitalized, as well as 259,007 non-TGA hospitalizations. The annual occurrence of TGA ranged from 5 to 16 hospitalizations. There were 91 TGA events in women and 63 in men, in subjects aged 62.8±10.6 years (mean±SD). The incidence was maximal during December [odds ratio (OR)=2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.20–6.67] and March (OR=2.77, 95% CI=1.17–6.56), and minimal from April to August. The incidence exhibited an increase followed by a decrease from October to February. A seasonal trend was observed as well, with incidence peaks occurring in winter (OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.12–2.96) and spring (OR=1.80, 95% CI=1.10–2.94). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the incidence of TGA exhibits seasonal variations. This observation may help to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology underlying TGA.
Amnesia ; Amnesia, Retrograde ; Amnesia, Transient Global* ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Male ; Seasons*

The pathophysiology of transient global amnesia is uncertain. Several studies have suggested that the anatomical substrates of transient global amnesia are the limbic areas, including the hippocampus, caudate nucleus, cingulate area, and thalamus. We examined a patient who presented with transient global amnesia with left insular infarction. We believe that the insular lobe may be an important area of episodic memory formation, and infarction of this brain area may be the mechanism underlying the amnesia experienced in this case.
Amnesia ; Amnesia, Transient Global ; Brain ; Caudate Nucleus ; Cerebral Infarction ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Infarction ; Memory, Episodic ; Thalamus