We developed large-scale preparation of phycoerythrin from Porphyra haitanensis, a main economic red algae in China. Firstly, P. haitanensis thallus was broken by using "swelling and smash" method. Then times of grads ammonium sulfate precipitation applied to the crude extraction were compared. Desalted solution was further purified with one-step chromatography using hydroxyapatite and properties on spectrum and molecular weight were identified finally. The results indicated that after four times of ammonium sulfate precipitation (15%, 50%, 10% and 40%), the absorption spectrum purity of P. haitanensis achieved 0.9 (A564/A280), and 507.82 mg phycoerythrin (A564/A280 > 3.2) was obtained from 7 kg fresh algae after further hydroxyapatite chromatography. This research provides a potential way for preparation of phycoerythrin in large sclae.
Ammonium Sulfate ; chemistry ; Chromatography ; methods ; Phycoerythrin ; isolation & purification ; Porphyra ; chemistry

No abstract available.
Ammonium Compounds* ; Ammonium Sulfate* ; Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine* ; CHO Cells* ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Cricetinae ; Humans ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange*

1. Based on the differences in solubility in ammonium sulfate and activity as a function of pH, two L-asparaginases, EC-1 and 2, were partially purified from Escherichia coli 0112. 2. Both L-asparaginases, EC-1 and 2, were highly activated with low concentration of their substrate, L-aspartgine, but inactivated with high concentration of it. 3. Activities of L-asparaginases, EC-1 and 2, were inhibited with the product, L-aspartic acid in proportion to its concentration 4. Both of them were denatured by urea, EC-1 being denatured completely with 6M and EC-2 with 8M urea, showing their spatial conformational difference, since the latter proved to be a little more resistant to urea than the former.
Ammonium Sulfate ; Aspartic Acid ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Solubility ; Urea

Tetraselmis subcordiformis, a marine green alga, can produce hydrogen by photobiologically hydrolyzing seawater with hydrogenase. In this study, the preliminary purification of the enzyme was explored by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and the impact of sodium dithionite, beta-mercaptoethanol and glycerol on the enzyme stability during the process was investigated. The experimental results illustrated that sodium dithionite provided significant protection on the hydrogenase by depleting oxygen, while glycerol, a protectant against the structure instability of the enzyme, also presented protection. Crude enzyme with specific activity of 0.557 U/mg protein was extracted using 60%-70% saturated ammonium sulfate solution supplemented with 200 mmol/L sodium dithionite and 5% glycerol, and the hydrogenase recovery yield was about 30%.
Ammonium Sulfate ; chemistry ; Chemical Precipitation ; Chlorophyta ; enzymology ; Enzyme Stability ; Hydrogen ; metabolism ; Hydrogenase ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Seawater

Alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase (alpha-GPO) from Enterococcus casseli flavus was successfully isolated and purified by using polyethylene glycol (PEG)/(NH4)2SO4 aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). The results showed that the chosen PEG/(NH4)2SO4 ATPS could be affected by PEG molecular weight, pH, concentration of PEG and (NH4)2SO4, and inorganic salt as well as additional amount of crude enzyme. After evaluating these influencing factors, the final optimum purification strategy was formed by 16.5% (m/m) PEG2000, 13.2% (m/m) (NH4)2SO4, pH 7.5 and 30% (m/m) additive crude enzyme, respectively. The NaCl was a negative influencing factor which would lead to lower purification fold and activity recovery. These conditions eventually resulted in the activity recovery of 89% (m/m), distribution coefficient of 1.2 and purification fold of 7.0.
Ammonium Sulfate ; chemistry ; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Weight ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Water

The osmotic pressure of ammonium sulfate solutions has been measured by the well-established freezing point osmometry in dilute solutions and we recently reported air humidity osmometry in a much wider range of concentration. Air humidity osmometry cross-validated the theoretical calculations of osmotic pressure based on the Pitzer model at high concentrations by two one-sided test (TOST) of equivalence with multiple testing corrections, where no other experimental method could serve as a reference for comparison. Although more strict equivalence criteria were established between the measurements of freezing point osmometry and the calculations based on the Pitzer model at low concentration, air humidity osmometry is the only currently available osmometry applicable to high concentration, serves as an economic addition to standard osmometry.
Ammonium Sulfate ; chemistry ; Freezing ; Humidity ; Osmolar Concentration ; Osmometry ; methods ; Osmotic Pressure ; Solutions

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Ammonium Sulfate ; analysis ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; methods ; Workplace

Successful middle ear surgery requires the availability of al safe, effective bonding material. Side effect caused by synthetic materials have led to the use of biologic adhesive, However, they carry the risk of transmission of infectious diseases if they are prepared from pooled human blood. The adhesive strength of ammonium sulfate fibrin adhesive produce an adhesive strength that is half that of the homologous commercial product. It is, however, good enough for use in several otolaryngological operations, tympanoplasty, facial nerve repair, reconstruction of ossicles. Reconstruction of posterior wall of ear canal and obliteration of frontal sinus and mastoid antrum using bone dust.
Adhesives ; Ammonium Compounds* ; Ammonium Sulfate* ; Communicable Diseases ; Dust ; Ear Canal ; Ear, Middle ; Facial Nerve ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive* ; Fibrin* ; Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Mastoid ; Tympanoplasty

Several hair dressing procedures, for example, bleaching and dyeing of the hair, are currently being frequently performed for cosmetic purposes. While allergic contact dermatitis due to hair dressing products has often been described, only a few cases of burns caused by hair dressing chemicals have been reported. A 6-year-old girl presented with an 8x6 cm sized round ulcerative lesion on the occipital area after hair bleaching with ammonium persulfate mixed with hydrogen peroxide. The skin biopsy specimen showed epidermal necrosis and sclerosing change in the dermis. She was referred to another burn center and then she was treated with skin grafting by a plastic surgeon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of chemical burn due to a hair bleaching agent in the Korean dermatologic literature.
Ammonium Sulfate ; Bandages ; Biopsy ; Burn Units ; Burns ; Burns, Chemical ; Child ; Cosmetics ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermis ; Hair ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Necrosis ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; Ulcer

In order to obtain high beta-glucosidase productivity, we optimized the fermentation parameters for beta-glucosidase production by Aspergillus niger HDF05. First, we screened the important parameters by Plackeet-Burman design. Second, we used the path of steepest ascent to approach to the biggest response region of parameters affecting beta-glucosidase production. Then, we obtained the optimal parameters by central composite design and response surface analysis. We developed a quadratic polynomial equation for predicting beta-glucosidase production level. The results showed that the important parameters were temperature, packing volume, concentrations of wheat bran and (NH4)2SO4. The optimal fermentation parameters were as follows: temperature 28 degrees C, packing volume 71.4 mL/250 mL, wheat bran 36 g/L and (NH4)2SO4 5.5 g/L. Under the optimal conditions, we obtained the maximum enzyme activity of 60.06 U/mL, with an increase of 23.9% compared to the original fermentation parameters. During enzymatic hydrolysis of acid-pretreated corncob, addition of beta-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger HDF05 greatly reduced the inhibition caused by cellobiose, and the hydrolysis yield was improved from 66.7% to 80.4%.
Ammonium Sulfate ; pharmacology ; Aspergillus niger ; enzymology ; growth & development ; Culture Techniques ; methods ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Temperature ; beta-Glucosidase ; biosynthesis