Adolescent ; Ammonia ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans

Ammonia ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Mercuric Chloride ; poisoning ; Mercury Poisoning ; etiology ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo calculate the consequence of acute ammonia poisoning accident which was caused by the leak of liquefied ammonia storage tank, so as to provide theoretical basis for working out the counterplan of accidents.

METHODThe amount of liquefied ammonia to be reserved, the pressure and temperature inside the tank were inputted; based on the physical chemistry principle, the evaporating amount was calculated; and using the proper diffusion model, the size of ammonia cloud, percentages of death and depth range of the poisonous gas etc was calculated.

RESULTSAssuming the leaky tank had liquefied ammonia 50 t, the pressure and the temperature were 2.5 MPa and 30 degrees C respectively, the evaporating amount and the size of ammonia cloud were calculated. The radiuses, of the ammonia released cloud of severe, moderate and mild hazard were 108 m, 216 m, 370 m respectively; if the exposured time was 30 min, the percentage of death would be 50%; if the exposured time was 5 min, the percentage would be 10%; if the exposured time was 2 min, the percentage would be 2.5%. When the stable degree of circumstance was C, the wind speed was 2.3 m/s and the outside concentration of the cloud was 4000 mg/m3, dimension of cloud in X axis was 782 m and in Y axis was 88 m.

CONCLUSIONThe leaky consequence of liquefied ammonia was very serious. It is necessary to take preventive measures during production, storage, transportation and using of liquefied ammonia.

Adult ; Ammonia ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Medical Staff, Hospital ; Occupational Exposure ; Poisoning ; therapy

Adult ; Ammonia ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Poisoning ; complications ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory System ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Time Factors

Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Ammonia ; poisoning ; Bronchiolitis Obliterans ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation

Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Ammonia ; poisoning ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; etiology ; Humans ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

PURPOSE: The serum ammonia level was postulated as a surrogate marker for severe neurotoxicity in glufosinate ammonium (GLA) poisoning. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the level of serum ammonia can predict delayed neurologic complications in patients with GLA poisoning presented with alert mentality. METHODS: Thirty-six GLA-poisoned patients presented to our emergency department with alert mentality initially were analyzed retrospectively. The baseline characteristics, laboratory findings, ammonia level (initial and second ammonia level, frequency of hyperammonemia, and difference of ammonia level), and clinical outcomes were compared between non-neurologic (n=16) and neurologic complication groups (n=20). RESULTS: Neurologic complications occurred in 20 patients (55.6%) with 14.3 hours (median) of latent period. The initial ammonia level and frequency of initial hyperammonemia did not show any difference between the two groups. However, the difference of ammonia level between the 2nd and 1st samples was an independent predictor of delayed neurologic complication (adjusted odds ratio; 1.184 (95% confidence interval (CI); 1.01-1.387, p=0.037)). The area under the curve and cut-off point of the difference of ammonia level for the prediction of delayed neurologic complication was 0.936 (95% CI; 0.756-0.992) and 15.4 umol/L respectively. CONCLUSION: The difference of ammonia level rather than the initial ammonia level could be used to predict delayed neurologic complication in GLA-poisoned patients presented with alert mentality.
Ammonia* ; Ammonium Compounds* ; Biomarkers ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Hyperammonemia ; Odds Ratio ; Poisoning* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical aspects of glufosinate poisoning and to present basic data for proper management. METHODS: A retrospective study by chart review was done on 20 patient who had ingested glufosinate ammonium and who presented to the emergency medical center of Chunbuk National University Hospital from January 1997 through June 2003. RESULTS: We found that the poisoned patients expressed a gradually progressing depression of mentality, recent memory disturbance, convulsion, hypotension, or fever. The onset time was variable and ranged between 12 and 23 hours. There was a close connection between the ingested amount and the severity, but not the blood ammonia level. CONCILUSION: In acute oral Basta poisoning, patients develop a variety of clinical signs; some are even asymptomatic while others die, The mortality was 26%, so we should make a specialized study of glufosinate ammonium.
Ammonia ; Ammonium Compounds* ; Depression ; Emergencies ; Fever ; Herbicides ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Memory ; Mortality ; Poisoning ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures

Accidents, Occupational ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Ammonia ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult