Aminophylline*

No abstract available.
Aminophylline* ; Humans* ; Ritodrine* ; Uterus*

No abstract available.
Aminophylline* ; Humans* ; Neutrophils* ; Pneumonia* ; Sepsis* ; Superoxides*

Extravasation necrosis due to intravenously administered fluids and drugs is an increasing problem in hospital practice. The incidence of extravasation is variable but skin necrosis is a potentially devastating complication of intravenous therapy. Local injection of hyaluronidase has been recommended for several types of infusion extravasations. The previous studies found hyaluronidase to be effective in the prevention of necrosis following intradermal nafcillin, 12% dextrose, sodium bicarbonate, aminophylline or vince alkaloids.The objectives of the study are to determine the dosage of hyaluronidase which is effective in reducing extravasation necrosis caused by 10% calcium-gluconate and to establish how soon after this extravasation it must be given to retain its effectiveness.Study I evaluated control versus only normal saline group and normal saline with hyaluronidase groups (dose:75,150,300,450 units; all in volume 2 ml, treatment delay:immediate, 15-minutes delay, half hour delay, one hour delay, three hour delay). Size and rate of eschar were compared between groups. Study II was undertaken to examine the evolution of calcium-gluconate induced soft tissue injury in the rabbit. The histologic findings of extravasation sites were compared between groups. A statistically significant protective effect was found in the treated group versus the nontreated group within 15 minutes to 30 minutes. The most effective protection was achieved by the immediate injection of 300 units dosage of hyaluronidase.In conclusion, in the 10% calcium gluconate-induced extravasation, the given data suggest that one can expect the most protective effect with a 300 units dosage of hyaluronidase and within half-hour delay in the treatment group.
Aminophylline ; Calcium* ; Glucose ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase* ; Incidence ; Nafcillin ; Necrosis* ; Skin ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; Soft Tissue Injuries

Since the first report by Drury and Szent-Gyorgyi in 1929, the inhibitory influences of adenosine on the heart have repeatedly been described by many investigators. A lot of investigations on the working mechanisms of adenosine have been focused mainly on the effects on the coronary blood flow. However, the cellular mechanisms underlyiag the inhibitory action of adenosine on the SA node are not well understood yet. Furthe-rmore, the physiological role of adenosine in the regulation of the heart beat remains still to be explored. Thus, this study was undertaken to examine the behavior of the rabbit SA node ander the influence of adenosine, and the interactions between adenosine and aminophylline on the SA node, and then to compare these results with those of acetylcholine. At the same dosage range, adenosine suppressed the sinus rate and atrial contractility even in the reserpinized preparation. The spontaneous firing rate of the SA node at 35degrees C (mean+/-SEM, n=16) was 154+/-3.3 beats/min. The parameters of action potential were: maximum diastolic potential(MDP), -73+/-1,7 mV; overshoot(OS), 9+/-1.4 mV; slope of pacemaker potential(SPP), 94+/-3.0 mV/sec. Adenosine suppressed the firing rate of the SA node in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect appeared at the concentration of 10(-4)M and was potentiated in parallel with the increase in adenosine concentration. Changes in the action potential by adenosine were dose-dependent as show by the increase of MDP and the decrease of SPP until 10(-4)M. Above this concentration, however, the amplitude of the action potential decreased markedly due to the simultaneous decrease of both MDP and OS. Dipyridamole, which is known to block the adenosine transport aross the cell membrane, definately potentiated the action of adenosine. The effects of adenosine on the SA node were inhibited by aminophylline. However, the similar effects of acetylcholine to those of adenosine were not reversed by aminophylline. These results suggest that adenosine suppressed the pacemaker activity by acting dire-ctly on the membrane of the SA node, and the effects of adenosine on SA node are sele-ctively inhibited by aminophylline.
Acetylcholine ; Action Potentials ; Adenosine ; Aminophylline ; Cell Membrane ; Dipyridamole ; Fires ; Heart ; Humans ; Membranes ; Research Personnel

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of skin electric resistance changes with the blood drug content in acupoint transdermal administration, and to establish an new evaluation index for drug delivery efficiency through acupoints.

METHODSTwenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. In the observation group, aminophylline was administrated through "Feishu" (BL 13), "Geshu" (BL 17) and "Danzhong" (CV 17) which are commonly used for treatment of bronchial asthma, and the control group through sham-points on the back. The skin resistance and plasma aminophylline content were determined after application of aminophylline to the points, and their changes with time were observed. The ratio of Css/Rss at stability was defined as delivery coefficient (DC) which reflects the efficiency of delivering drug at acupoints and sham acupoints.

RESULTSBoth the plasma aminophylline and the skin resistance value tended to steady about 6-8 h after application of aminophyiophylline. The DC in the acupoints was higher than that in the sham-acupoints (P < 0.01). And there was significant difference as DC of the "Feishu"was significant difference (BL 13) and "Danzhongas DC of the "Feish" (BLCV 17) compared with that of "Geshu" (BL 17) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe bigger the DC is, the higher the efficiency of drug delivery is; the efficiency of drug delivery through acupoints is higher than that through sham-acupoints.

Acupuncture Points ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Aminophylline ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Electric Impedance ; Female ; Male ; Rabbits

In recent years, it has been common to use bupivacaine for prolonged operation because of its long duration of action but, besides of this benefits, we always are cautious of using bupivacaine for its possible systemic, toxicity, such as convulsion, myocardial depression. We experienced a case of asthmatic attack right after injection of 0.5% bupivacaine 125 mg for BPB(brachial plexus block) in a 26 year old male patient with chronic renal failure for the revision of a-v fistula. With the administration of aminophylline and oxygen by mask the patient was anounced about delaying operation and the symptoms were gone. Next day with local infiltration of 2% lidocaine operation was done uneventfully.
Adult ; Aminophylline ; Bupivacaine ; Depression ; Fistula ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Masks ; Oxygen ; Seizures

A case of Mendelson's syndrome during induction of anesthesia has been reported. The patient was treated with hydrocortisone IV, oxygen c IPPB, aminophylline and antibiotics. The patient recovered completely 3 days after aspiration. We must take the preventive measure for aspiration into the lung during anesthesia, especially obstetric patient.
Aminophylline ; Anesthesia* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing ; Lung ; Oxygen ; Pneumonia, Aspiration

A concern about drug therapy for obesity has been increased with launching of new anti-obesity drug in Korea. Subcutaneous injection of aminophylline was used for regional lipolysis, but its effectiveness and safety are controversial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of aminophylline on lipolytic activity and cytotoxic effect in adipocytes. Preadipocytes obtained from human breast fat tissue were cultured in monolayer culture system. Cells were treated with media added 1, 5, 10, 15, 25 mM aminophylline concentrations, respectively. Cytotoxicity was measured by XTT colorimetric assay and cell count. The lipolytic activity was measured by enzymatic autoanalyzed system. At above 15mM of aminophylline concentration, preadipocyte and adipocyte markedly presented cytotoxic effects. In proportion to concentration, lipolytic activity was increased and maximal lipolytic activity without marked cytotoxicity was measured at 10mM of aminophylline concentration.
Adipocytes* ; Aminophylline* ; Breast ; Cell Count ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Korea ; Lipolysis ; Obesity

OBJECTIVETo study the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of different doses of aminophylline in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with different postmenstrual ages, weights, and ages (in days).

METHODSA total of 40 VLBW infants with apnea were enrolled. After an intravenous loading dose of 5 mg/kg aminophylline, they were randomized into two groups with different maintenance doses of aminophylline (1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg, once every 8 hours). Blood concentrations of aminophylline and liver and renal functions were monitored at 8 hours, 3 days, and 7 days after the loading dose. Attacks of apnea were documented. Pharmacokinetic data of aminophylline were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe steady-state plasma concentration of aminophylline and plasma clearance in the 2 mg/kg group were significantly higher than those in the 1 mg/kg group (P<0.05). However, the elimination half life was shorter in the 2 mg/kg group (P<0.05). Days of apnea attacks within 7 days after birth in the 2 mg/kg group were significantly fewer than in the 1 mg/kg group (P<0.05). Aminophylline plasma clearance was positively correlated with age (in days) after birth and postmenstrual age in both groups.

CONCLUSIONSIn VLBW infants, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are different when different maintenance doses of aminophylline are given. The maintenance dose of 2 mg/kg is associated with a better effect in the treatment of apnea. Postmenstrual age and age (in days) should be considered during the adjustment of dose, and routine blood concentration monitoring should be performed.

Aminophylline ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Apnea ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Male