PURPOSE: Chlorpromazine(CPZ) is known to inhibit glutamate ehydrogenase(GDH). Reductive amination of alpha-ketoglutarate is catalyzed by GDH and forms glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter. Thus, I hypothesized that CPZ might have a seizure- protective effect by inhibiting glutamate release from the excitatory presynaptic nerve terminal. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of CPZ on flurothyl-induced seizure in rats. METHODS: Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into 2 groups. CPZ(20 mg/kg) was administered to experimental animals by subcutaneous injection, while normal saline to control animals. Twenty minutes later, seizures were chemically induced by flurothyl infusion(40 microL/min). Seizure susceptibility was defined as the latency from the start of flurothyl infusion to the onset of a generalized seizure(loss of posture with bilateral hindlimb tonic extension). Shorter latency reflects greater seizure susceptibility. RESULTS: The mean(+/-SEM) seizure latency in the experimental group was 539.2 (+/-17.5) seconds, and it was significantly longer than 432.4(+/-21.9) seconds in the control group(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that CPZ decrease flurothyl-induced seizure susceptibility in rats. This result suggests that CPZ may have a seizure-protective effect. I hope that further studies on this issue should be performed in a near future.
Amination ; Animals ; Chlorpromazine* ; Flurothyl ; Glutamate Dehydrogenase ; Glutamic Acid ; Hindlimb ; Hope ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Posture ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seizures*

PURPOSE: Chlorpromazine(CPZ) is known to inhibit glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH). Reductive amination of alpha-ketoglutarate is catalyzed by GDH and forms glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter. Thus, we hypothesized that CPZ might have a seizure-protective effect by inhibition of glutamate release from the excitatory presynaptic nerve terminal. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of CPZ on pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced seizure in rats. METHODS: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into 2 groups. CPZ(20 mg/kg) was administered to experimental animals by subcutaneous injection, while normal saline to control animals. Twenty minutes later, seizures were chemically induced by intraperitoneal injection of PTZ(60 mg/kg). Seizure severity was evaluated by using a scoring system of seizure behaviors:0, no seizure; 0.5, abnormal behavior; 1, myoclonic jerk; 2, myoclonic jerk with jumping; 3, forelimb clonus with preserving righting reflex; 4, generalized clonic seizure with brief loss of righting reflex; 5, generalized tonic clonic seizure; 6, expire. A greater score represents a more severe seizure. RESULTS: The seizure behavior scores(2.8+/-0.2) in the experimental group were significantly lower than those(3.9+/-0.4) in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that CPZ decrease PTZ-induced seizure severity in rats. Our results suggest that CPZ may have a seizure-protective effect. We hope that further studies on this issue should be performed in near future.
Amination ; Animals ; Chlorpromazine* ; Forelimb ; Glutamic Acid ; Hope ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Myoclonus ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Pentylenetetrazole* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex, Righting ; Seizures*

PURPOSE: Chlorpromazine(CPZ) is known to inhibit glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH). Reductive amination of alpha-ketoglutarate is catalyzed by GDH and forms glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter. Thus, we hypothesized that CPZ might have a seizure-protective effect by inhibition of glutamate release from the excitatory presynaptic nerve terminal. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of CPZ on pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced seizure in rats. METHODS: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into 2 groups. CPZ(20 mg/kg) was administered to experimental animals by subcutaneous injection, while normal saline to control animals. Twenty minutes later, seizures were chemically induced by intraperitoneal injection of PTZ(60 mg/kg). Seizure severity was evaluated by using a scoring system of seizure behaviors:0, no seizure; 0.5, abnormal behavior; 1, myoclonic jerk; 2, myoclonic jerk with jumping; 3, forelimb clonus with preserving righting reflex; 4, generalized clonic seizure with brief loss of righting reflex; 5, generalized tonic clonic seizure; 6, expire. A greater score represents a more severe seizure. RESULTS: The seizure behavior scores(2.8+/-0.2) in the experimental group were significantly lower than those(3.9+/-0.4) in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that CPZ decrease PTZ-induced seizure severity in rats. Our results suggest that CPZ may have a seizure-protective effect. We hope that further studies on this issue should be performed in near future.
Amination ; Animals ; Chlorpromazine* ; Forelimb ; Glutamic Acid ; Hope ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Myoclonus ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Pentylenetetrazole* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex, Righting ; Seizures*

Workers', periodic health examination is the main tools used to manage the health problems of most workers in Korea. The most common health problem found in workers' periodic health examination is liver disorder. Liver disorder is also one of the most common health problems in general population and one of the leading causes of mortality in adult population. Regulation proposed by government(NO. 207, Ministry of Labor, 1992) defines the criteria for selection of workers with the liver dysfunction for further evaluative examination and the examination items used for diagnosis of the workers with liver dysfunction. This study was designed to evaluate the proficiency of each examination items presently defined in Regulation and propose the optimal examination items for detection of the liver disorders found by workers' periodic health examination. Study subjects are 186 workers with abnormal liver function tests in screening examination of workers' periodic health ex amination. Questionnaire survey including past history of liver disorder, drinking history, height and weight was done. Physical examination by physician, routine test items defined by Regulation (SGOT, SGPT, gamma- GTP, protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phoshatase, alpha-feto protein, HBsAg and anti-HBs), anti-HCV antibody test and liver ultrasonography were done. Results are as follows; 1. Result of evaluative examination utilizing only the items defined in Regulation was; There were 75 workers with suspected liver disorder(40.3%), 63 with no liver dysfunction(33.90%), 13 with suspected hepatitis B(7.0%), 10 workers with hepatitis B(5.4%) 10 workers with hepatitis B carrier state(5.4%), 10 with alcoholic liver disorders(5.4%), 5 with fatty liver(2.7%). When alternative diagnostic criteria applying additional examination items (drinking history, body mass index, anti-HCV antibody and ultrasonography) diagnosability of liver disorder was increased. When all four items were included, final results were; 23 workers (l7.8%) with hepatitis B(10 carriers, 13 suspects and 10 hepatitis B), 10(5.4%) with hepatitis C(4 carriers, 5 suspects and 1 hepatitis C), 13(7.0%) with alcoholic liver disorder, 45 (24.2%) with fatty liver (40 suspects, 5 fatty liver), 41 0%) with suspected liver disorders and 44(23.7%) with normal liver. 2. Of examination items defined by Regulation, only SGOT, SGPT, gamma-GTP and HBsAg were significantly different in abnormal rate and mean value, and all other laboratory findings did not showed significant difference between two groups. Drinking history, body mass index and anti-HCV antibody test which are the items that authors included in this study, also showed significant difference between two groups. Utilization of body mass index(BMI) for abnormal liver function group in diagnosis of fatty liver had high specificity(97.6%) but sensitivity (22.3%) was low. Therefore we suggest that SGOT, SGPT, gamma-GTP, HBsAg, alcohol drinking history, BMI and anti-Hcv Ab were useful for diagnosis of liver disorders among worker's periodic health examination.
Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholics ; Amination ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bilirubin ; Body Mass Index ; Diagnosis ; Drinking ; Fatty Liver ; Guanosine Triphosphate ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis C ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Function Tests* ; Liver* ; Mass Screening* ; Mortality ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ultrasonography