No abstract available.
Amaurosis Fugax* ; Retinaldehyde*

No abstract available.
Amaurosis Fugax* ; Retinaldehyde*

Transient monocular blindness (TMB) may occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several mechanisms have been suspected as the causes of such TMBs. A 32-year-old female patient with SLE presented recurrent monocular altitudinal visual field defects lasting for several minutes and occurring less than six times per day. Her anticardiolipin antibody level was persistently positive. All cerebrovascular imagings were normal. We report a case of recurrent TMBs in SLE with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, which may have been induced by vasospasm.
Adult ; Amaurosis Fugax* ; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid* ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Visual Fields

No abstract available.
Amaurosis Fugax ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Blindness ; Cyclophosphamide ; Doxorubicin ; Neurilemmoma ; Podophyllotoxin ; Vincristine

Amaurosis Fugax ; etiology ; therapy ; Anesthetics, Local ; adverse effects ; Anxiety ; complications ; Humans ; Injections, Intraocular ; adverse effects ; Orbit ; blood supply ; drug effects

PURPOSE: We report a case of amaurosis fugax associated with ipsilateral internal carotid artery agenesis. CASE SUMMARY: A 50-year-old woman presented with amaurosis fugax in her left eye; the frequency of episodes of the condition had recently increased to once a month. She had a history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, and was under medical therapy. The visual acuity of both eyes was 20/20. Slit-lamp examination was normal except for pseudophakia. Ophthalmoscopy revealed a myopic tigroid fundus and a myopic tilted disc. No abnormalities were evident in fluorescein fundus angiography. Brain computed tomography showed that the left bony carotid canal was absent, and magnetic resonance angiography showed that the left internal carotid artery was also absent. She was diagnosed with left internal carotid artery agenesis. Other neurological and hematological parameters were within normal ranges. The amaurosis fugax spontaneously disappeared and has not recurred over the past 12 months. Our case, although rare, suggests that amaurosis fugax may be associated with internal carotid artery agenesis.
Amaurosis Fugax* ; Angiography ; Blindness* ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Dyslipidemias ; Female ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Pseudophakia ; Reference Values ; Visual Acuity

Two patients presented with amaurosis fugax(AMF), despite treatment with antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants due to previous transient ischemic attacks. Angiography demonstrated severe stenosis in the cavernous and petrous internal carotid artery(ICA) respectively, with reduced flow in the ophthalmic artery(OA). Endovascular stent placement in both patients resulted in normalization of the vessel lumen of the stenotic vessel segments. In addition, complete restoration of OA flow was noted immediately after stenting. Both patients showed no further episode of AMF over a follow-up period of 38 and 23 months respectively. Our clinical and angiographic findings suggest that hemodynamic insufficiency in retinal vasculature caused by a stenosis of the cavernous or petrous ICA can be treated successfully by endovascular stent.
Amaurosis Fugax* ; Angiography ; Anticoagulants ; Blindness* ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Ophthalmic Artery* ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Retinaldehyde ; Stents*

Antiphospholipid syndrome is a disease producing vascular thrombosis with antiphospholipid antibody and usually associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. It is called primary antiphospholipid syndrome(PAPS) if it does not have the clinical features of collagen vascular disorder. Ocular manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome include retinal vascular disorder, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and amaurosis fugax. Ocular manifestations are much less common in primary antiphospholiped syndrme than antiphospholipid syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. We experienced two cases of non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion which were associated with primary anti phospholipid syndrome in two female patients, who complained sudden decrease of visual acuity in one eye. We report the cases with review of the literatures.
Amaurosis Fugax ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome* ; Collagen ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde ; Thrombosis ; Visual Acuity

Stenosis or occlusion of large arteries after radiation are rare. The authors report a case of internal carotid arterial occlusion after radiation therapy. The patient was 45 year-old female. She received postoperative radiation therapy, a total dose of 4940cGy, to treat the remnant tumor after transsphenoidal surgery for the asymptomatic nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. She suffered intermittant ischemic symptoms from 18 month after radiation therapy, and died with global infarction due to stenotic occlusion of the internal carotid artery at 30 month after surgery. Endocrine or vascular complications occasionally follow radiation therapy of pituitary tumor. But with improved therapies for pituitary tumors and hypopituitarism, patients are expect to live longer. Yet we must consider another delayed complication of radiation induced carotid arterial disease. As a whole, hemispheric transient ischemic attacks, amaurosis fugax, and seizure are the major presenting symptoms and signs. In such a case, it is important to consider the possibility of radiation induced arterial stenosis, and prompt cerebral angiography and proper management are mandatory.
Amaurosis Fugax ; Arteries ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Carotid Stenosis ; Cerebral Angiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism ; Infarction ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Middle Aged ; Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Seizures

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of ocular and systemic disease causing amaurosis fugax and to discuss the ocular and systemic manifestation of each disease. METHODS: Consecutive patients who had amaurosis fugax were retrospectively studied from 2007 to 2013. Carotid evaluation using Doppler was performed in all patients. Ocular and medical histories were taken and bilateral ophthalmic evaluation performed. RESULTS: This study included 35 patients. The mean age of patients was 63 years and 27 patients were male; 29 unilateral and 6 bilateral eyes were involved. Associated systemic disease included hypertension (54.3%) and diabetes mellitus (34.2%). The most frequent cause of amaurosis fugax was retinal artery occlusion (28.6%) followed by ocular ischemic syndrome (22.9%), other vascular diseases (11.4%), and retinal vein occlusion (5.7%). The remaining 31.4% patients with amaurosis fugax had no vascular disease. Clinically significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery was observed in 16 patients (45.7%) and 6 of these patients (37.5%) had retinal artery occlusion disease. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence and clinical manifestation of amaurosis fugax is very complex. Patients with transient visual disturbance are at risk for retinal artery occlusion, ocular ischemic syndrome and other diseases which cause visual loss. Therefore, careful history taking and urgent systemic and ophthalmic evaluations should be performed.
Amaurosis Fugax* ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Carotid Stenosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Observational Study* ; Prevalence ; Retinal Artery Occlusion ; Retinal Vein Occlusion ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular Diseases