Background: Many industrialized countries are witnessing a demographic evolution characterized by the aging of their population. For people over aged 65 year, the prevalence of tooth decay, gum disease and oral cancer is higher than for the general population and higher rates for edentulism (missing teeth), few sound teeth and more filled and decayed teeth than the general population. Risk factors for oral diseases include unhealthy diet, tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, and poor oral hygiene. There is no research work concerning the oral health status of the older population aged 65-74 years old. These age group is selected because they were the adult population groups recommended by the WHO for oral health survey. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of caries and edentulous of 65-74 years old and living in the Ulanbator. Methods: An epidemiological survey of 365 older people aged 65-74 was carried out in 2008. It followed the WHO methodology to assessing the oral health status and caries lesions, fi llings, missing teeth were recorded using the WHO criteria. Result: The mean age was 68.70.16. The DMFT index at 65-74 years for the Ulanbator population was 19.50.89 DMFT. Caries prevalence was 52.7% among older people. 4.1% were fully dentate, 21.6% were edentulous, 74.2% were partial edentulism, respectively. Mean number of decayed teeth (DT index) was 3.4, fi lling teeth (FT index) was 2.3, missing teeth (MT index) was 18.0. Conclusion: We carried out this study 365 older people aged 65-74. This preliminary study provide evidence in the direction of building the base of knowledge on prevalence of caries and edentulous elderly person in Ulanbator. The planning and implementation of any strategy for oral health status improvement is crucial alongside the countrys infrastructure development.

According to information of WHO, stroke is one of the leadership reasons for death and loss of ability to work. For stroke patients on evidence based models are important and necessary to know early treatment within short time to reducing care with the help of public supports and their care also very important. Following principle especially after stroke period and restoration is very important forprofessional units, treatment and nursing continuously can serve for common result. Cardiff School of Nursing is able to serve for patients with nursing care and it will be more resultative. From world neurology association is very important to prepare specialists who had spiritual level and to form training curriculum. From world neurology association is very important to prepare specialists whohad spiritual level and to form training curriculum.We provided the quality of study according to documents of Hennessy-Hicks methods. In this study participated 51 students of Darkhan branch medical school, and 210 graduates from Arkhangai, Uwurkhangai, Selenge, Darkhan-Uul aimags ,Bulgan province and 59 strokes, 39 careers have been chosen by random sampling and involved in this research. For processing training curriculum usedSPICEST Model Medical Education, Healthy Learner Model, Model Neurology Progress – Oriented Triage by Likert and vivo quality discussion models are used in this research. To process statistics used IMB SPSS statistics and other 20 programs. The average students’ age who involved in this study was 20-22, nurses and special workers of thehospital was 23-2.3, and average age of stroked patients was 5Б2±3, 2, and average age careers 35±2. And occasion who had stroke after 62 (p<0,01) is increasing statistical important. Basic ordering had paralysis 84, 1%, and 84, 3%, patience had neurological originated , hypertension in 91%,,,trouble because of fear is 73,2%, polakuira had in 23%, person who had tongue problem in 36%. For patients who had strokes family members take cares for 30(50, 84%), nurses 21(35, 59%), and volunteers 6(10,16%) and most important things for them were wheelchair and walking cane. 41(69,4%) considered that it is very important nursing care for stroked patients. 72(34%) of graduatesconsidered that it is very important nursing care for stroked patients and 38(18,09%) considered important, also 58,3% estimated medium enough . For training curriculum of basic professions strokes contents to prepare professional nurses required 3-4 years or 108-146 credit hours and neurological nursing needs 0.8 credit hours and it takes 8-0.6 percent of total hours. For neurological nursing program involved nursing of common diseases, In the content of present training considered generally reflected about pulse diseases dis considered generally about the training content we cannot consider special difference between them.In branch school of medical sciences implemented core program since 2010. In the frame of common neurological deceases provided same 0.8 credit hours. In the content of host graduate training is not focused about neurological nursing care. It means that we take care less attention about content on issue of brain stroke, in other hand we have these specialists who are prepared by this directions.The main form of teaching is lecture and seminar. These forms are disresultative to own the forms of skills. But for the practice of cases and analyze on cases and provide discussions and writing essay about the analyze , and using training contents such as methods of training participation and independent works of available to use for in this case.

Background: Mongolia is one of the most influenced countries by non-communicable diseases among developing countries. Non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, diabetes, and injuries have become the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Mongolia.Goal: To assess impact of preventive intervention activities of non-communicable diseases in framework of the Millennium challenge account (MCA) health projectMethods: We conducted 17 focus group discussions (FGD) from March to April 2013 in primary and secondary health care settings, of which six in urban and eleven in rural areas.We identified themes concerning the current situation of NCD related health services from the perspective of health professionals, and insights into institutional and professional experiences related to management, implementation and coordination of the newly implemented MCA-Mongolia NCD prevention and control project.Results: As a result of the health project, NCD related knowledge and skills of health professionals have improved through progressive training, and development of guidelines and manuals. During the project, availability of equipment supplies has improved. Accordingly, medical equipment and laboratory reagents needed for early detection of NCDs were provided to primary and secondary health care settings, despite some challenges in the implementation of the project. As result of theproject implementation, increased public awareness on NCDs, and attitude change were considered as the biggest changes.Conclusion: The health project was considered as successful to provide knowledge on the best practice in NCD prevention.

IntroductionTraffic accident is the accident that of transport unit`s accident. Every year about 1.2 million people die because of automobile accident and 20-50 million people gets injured or gets disabled. 2.1 percent of total mortality is caused by accident and 22.8 percent of them because of the road accident. In Mongolia accident injury is in 5-th place of causes of mortality since 1991 and growth to 3-th place causes of mortality since 2000 year. Last 5 years increased external caused disease in Darkhan-Uul aimag. Mortality, which is caused by road accident is takes the third place. Causes of traffic accident: drinking when driving, driving with nervousness, use of cellphone while driving, no use of seat belt, over speeding, no use of car seats for children, driving with child at the front seat, drive in technically unsafe vehicle in the traffic.GoalThis study is aimed to evaluate drivers’ knowledge and attitude to prevent from automobile accident. Objectives:1. Evaluate a knowledge and attitude of driver`s in evaluation from traffic accident 2. Relate causes of injury and accident of public transportation driver`s in Darkhan-Uul aimag.Materials and MethodsCross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate drivers’ knowledge and attitude to prevent from automobile accident involving 172 drivers who work at the Public transportation service of Darkhan-Uul aimag. In terms of evaluating drivers’ knowledge, 10 questions were prepared and 3 or less correct answers was considered as unsatisfactory; 4-7 correct answers accepted as average; 8-10 correct answers were accepted as satisfactory.ResultsOut of total 172 participant drivers, 113 (65.7%) serves within the city range and 59 (34.3) serves for inter-city range. 75.6% of them drives a car, 17.4% drives micro-bus and 7% drives bus. According to this, only 5.8% of the drivers achieved satisfactory level, 18.6% was evaluated unsatisfactory and remaining 75.6% got an average mark. About seat belt, 95.3% of the drivers had positive attitude and 66.3% of them are already used to fasten the seat belt and 27.3% reported as does so seldom. Speaking on phone or writing message (50.6%) while driving, being drunk at any extent (66.3%), driving vehicles incomplete (50.6%) are considered as extremely dangerous. Also exceeding speed and breaking traffic rules (84.9%) are reported as dangerous. Relate the driver`s causes of last 30 day: 44 (25.6%) violated a traffic rules once or more, 23 (13.4%) drive when used an alcohol. 54 (31.4%) used a cellphone or send a message while driving.Conclusions:1. Darkhan-Uul aimag public transportation service drivers’ knowledge about preventing from accident is truly unsatisfactory.2. There are risky behaviors such as speaking on the phone, writing text message (31.4%), breaking traffic regulation rule (25.3%), driving when after using alcohol (13.4) are revealed among the participant drivers.

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is a cancer of significant morbidity and mortality in the worldwide. It is the second most common urological cancer in Mongolia. It is important to understand the risk factors of bladder cancer.We evaluated the association of smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index and other potential risk factors with bladder cancer incidence in Mongolians.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from a case-control study (116 histologically confirmed bladder cancer cases and 300 cancer-free healthy, age, gender-matched controls). All participants signed the consent form andfilled out the structured questionnaire including cigarette smoking, BMI, chronic urinary disease andalcohol drinking etc. Using logistic regression we estimated the covariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and95% confidence interval (CI) of the associations.RESULTS: Mean age of the patients with bladder cancer was 56±10.5 years and 79.3% male and 20.7% female.Cigarette smoking, history of urinary tract diseases and body mass index were associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer OR 6, 48 (95% CI 1, 61-1, 70), OR 80 (95% CI 1, 48-1, 93) and OR=9.8 (95% CI 2.32-2.91) respectively but not alcohol drinking OR 0, 26 (95% CI 1, 56-1, 66).CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that cigarette smoking, history of urinary tract diseases and body mass indexincreased risk of bladder cancer in Mongolian patients.

BACKGROUND Bovine colostrums is the milk secreted by cows during the first few days after parturition. It contains many essential nutrients and bioactive components, including growth factors, immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin and cytokines ets. Lactoferrin has been reported for its multifunctional properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral antioxidant and anticancer activities. The aims of this study focused on the isolation and purification of lactoferrin from Mongolian bovine colostrums. Lactoferrin purified using HiTrap DEAE an ion exchange chromatography. Lactoferrin purification efficiency was about 60.5%. The single band of purified lactoferrin has been observed in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. METHODS Bovine colostrum was collected at a cow farm in the Darkhan province of Mongolia. At first the cream was separated by centrifugation (10000 xg 20 min at 4oC). In order to separate the whey, the samples were precipitated with 1mol/l to pH 4.6 and centrifuged at 10000 g 20 min again. The samples of whey were stored at -18oC to the analysis. Lactoferrin was purified by HiTrap DEAE an ion exchange chromatography using 0.005 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.7) and linear gradient NaCl from 0.25M, 0.5M, 1M. During chromatography, protein in the eluents was monitored by ultraviolet absorbation at 280 nm with the instrument. Purity test done by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturated condition (SDS-PAGE) method by Laemmli (1970). For HPLC determination of the lactoferrin by Shimadzu Nexera X2 HPLC system with UV/ VIS detector were used. Detection was carried out at the wavelength 280 nm. Separation was performed on a chromatographic column Protein R C18 ,2.2 x 150 mm, 5 μm particle size. Linear gradient and flow rate 0.2 ml/min were used. Mobile phase a consisted of water / acetonitrile/ trifluoroacetic acid ( 95:5:0.1). The column temperature was set at 40oC and injection volume was 10 μl. Data were collected and evaluated by software Lab Solution. An external standard method for quantification analytes was used. RESULTS Purified lactoferrin in the present study had a good concentration and purification efficiency was about 60.5 %. Protein fraction from 1M NaCl gradient delivers sharp and clean peak to HPLC chromatogram that fits intensity and retention time of standard bovine lactoferrin. Ammount of lactoferrin in bovine colostrums was 0.6 mg/ml and it`s molecular weight 80 kDa as a standard sample. The retention time of lactoferrin fraction which is purified by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The peak of fraction same compared to the standard lactoferrin 5.8 minutes by HPLC analysis. CONCLUSION Ion exchange chromatography shows reliable and easy isolation of lactoferrin from Mongol bovine colostrum.