PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide an actual guideline in determining the shape, diameter, and position of the implant in immediate implantation by the measurement of the thickness of facial and palatal plate, the thickness of cortical bone on the facial and palatal plate, the diameter of the root, and the distance between the roots in the cadavers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The horizontal sections of 20 maxillae were measured and analyzed to obtain the average values. Resin blocks were produced and cut serially at 1 mm intervals from the cervical line to the root apex. Images of each section were obtained and the following measurements were performed: The thickness of the facial and palatal residual bone at each root surface, the thickness of the facial and palatal cortical bone at the interdental region, the diameter of all roots of each section on the faciopalatal and mesiodistal diameter, and the interroot distance. Three specimens with measurements close to the average values were chosen and 3-dimensional images were reconstructed. RESULTS: The thickness of the facial and palatal cortical bone at the interdental region in the maxilla, the buccal cortical bone was thicker in the posterior region compared to the anterior region. The interroot distance of the alveolar bone thickness between the roots increased from anterior to posterior region and from coronal to apical in the maxilla. CONCLUSION: In this study, the limited results of the morphometric analysis of the alveolar ridge using the sections of maxilla in the cadavers may offer the useful information when planning and selecting optimal implant for immediate implantation in the maxilla.
Alveolar Process ; Cadaver ; Maxilla

alveolar ridge and allows the surgeon to widein the ridge in routine office procedure. Therefore, it is the treatment of choice to implant the maxilla with narrow alveolar ridge This article presents clinical cases and discusses the advantage, rationale and surgical protocol of REO technique.]]>
Alveolar Process ; Maxilla ; Osteotomy

< 0.05). Also significant difference is on volume resorption on two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We found that more bone resorption occurred with iliac(endochondral) bone and when we use intraoral bone, that bone can maintain their vitality for alveolar ridge augmentation.
Alveolar Process* ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation* ; Bone Resorption*

Alveolar Bone Loss ; diagnosis ; Alveolar Process ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine which forms of iliac cancellous bone grafts better restore alveolar clefts. STUDY DESIGN: Forty consecutive patients who required a unilateral alveolar cleft graft were studied. Group I(20 patients) had reconstruction with iliac cancellous particulate bone grafts and group II(20 patients) had reconstruction with iliac cancellous block bone grafts. The two groups were evaluated radiographically and clinically. RESULTS: The group with the block bone grafts showed less postoperative problems and better incorporation of the bone graft than the group with the particulate grafts. CONCLUSION: Surgical reconstruction of alveolar process defects in patients with alveolar cleft using iliac cancellous block bone is a more reliable method than particulate bone grafts both for closing the oronasal fistula and for building interalveolar septal height.
Alveolar Process ; Fistula ; Humans ; Transplants*

OBJECTIVEThe alveolar bone density quantitative measuring system was established on the basis of grey level measuring on standardized-exposed direct digital periapical radiograph by referring to an aluminum step wedge with the aid of computer technique. We tested it's accuracy and sensibility by measuring a series of specimens and made it possible to estimate the area density of hydroxyl-phosphorite (HP) in the alveolar bone with the system.

METHODSThe average grey level intensity of 19 specimens containing different amount of HP within certain area was measured with the system. The equivalent aluminum thickness (EAT) and corrected grey level intensity (CGL) of each specimen were calculated according to known grey level intensity of the aluminum step wedge and it's corresponding thickness. The liner regression equations between EAT, CGL and HP density (mg/mm2) were established. We put the values of EAT and CGL into the equations and calculated the corresponding values of estimated HP density. The bias ratios of estimation were then calculated. We measured two randomly chosen specimens 10 times respectively to calculate the system's measurement error range, then the sensibility of the system for measuring HP density was calculated according to the regression equations.

RESULTSEAT and CGL were significantly correlated with HP density. When EAT was larger than 0.67 mm or CGL larger than 41, the system's bias ratio of estimated HP density was lower than 5%. When we estimated the HP density with the use of EAT, the system could effectively check out a HP density change larger than 0.17 mg/mm2, with the use of CGL, a HP density change larger than 0.18 mg/mm2 could be effectively checked out.

CONCLUSIONThe accuracy and sensibility of the quantitative alveolar bone density measuring system are acceptable, it can be widely used to compare alveolar bone density longitudinally and cross-sectionally.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate peri-implant bone loss and implant success on anterior maxillary alveolar ridges and Compare Class III and Class IV ridges in the aspect of peri-implant bone loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 14 patients (aged 21 to 68, 6males and 8females), who lacked maxillary anterior teeth and were installed from January 2000 to April 2003 at Samsung Medical Center, were selected. The type of implant used included 30 Branemark implant. They were taken with digital tomographic and conventional intraoral radiographic examinmation, and were treated with implant installaion without bone augmentation. The peri-implant bone resorption was measured at the mesial and distal aspect of implant on the conventional intraoral radiographs. RESULTS: The study classified the anterior maxillary alveolar ridge and measured peri-implant bone resorption from the period of implant installation to the 2nd year after functional loading radiographically. The study revealed no statistically significant difference between two groups, which was classified by its morphology. The average bone resorption on healing period before loading was 0.18mm and 0.18mm, the 1st year of loading period, 0.77 mm and 0.84mm, and on the 2nd year of loading period, 0.07mm and 0.06mm, respectively on both Class III and class IV. CONCLUSION: In the knife edge form of anterior maxillary residual ridges(Class IV), implant placement without ridge augmentation does not have significant difference with that of Class III alveolar ridge in the concern of Implant success after 2 year functional loading period in the aspect of peri-implant bone resorption radiographically.
Alveolar Process* ; Bone Resorption ; Humans ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the subperiosteal tunneling technique with iliac block bone graft for bone augmentation in an edentulous alveolar ridge. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Total of 8 sites in 7 patients were included in this study. The bone height was evaluated by CBCT preoperatively and 4 months after operation. Total of 11 implants were inserted and evaluated clinically and radiographically. RESULTS: Mean value of the increased bone height was 6.29 mm and no implant failure was observed. There were no complications such as soft tissue dehiscence, exposure of the grafted bone and infection. CONCLUSION: We have achieved excellent clinical outcomes by this technique, so we concluded that it is useful for augmentation of severely deficient alveolar ridge.
Alveolar Process ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ; Bone Resorption ; Humans ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of rhPMP-2 coated implants on alveolar ridge augmentation in dogs. Material and METHODS: Six Beagle dogs were used in this study. Six 8.0 mm long anodized surface titanium implants were placed 5 mm into the mandibular alveolar ridge following 6 month of healing period after extraction. Each animal received three implants coated with rhBMP-2 and three uncoated control implants using the randomized split-mouth design. Radiographic examinations were undertaken i mmediately at implant placement (baseline), at weeks 4 and 8 after implant placement. The amount of bone augmentation was evaluated by measuring the distance from the uppermost point of the coverscrew to the marginal bone. Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) values were measured i mmediately at implant placement and 8 weeks after implant placement. For the statistical analysis, Man-Whitney ranksum test and Wilcoxon signed rank test of SPSS 12.0 software were used (P = .05). RESULTS: The BMP group exhibited radiographic vertical bone augmentation about 0.6 +/- 0.7 mm at 8 weeks later while controls showed bone loss about 0.4 +/- 0.6 mm. There was significant difference among the rhBMP-2 group and controls in bone level change (P < .05). The ISQ values were significantly higher in the BMP-2 group than the control group at 8 weeks later (P < .05), while there was no significant difference at surgery. CONCLUSION: Within the limitation of this study, the rhBMP-2 coated on anodized implant could stimulate vertical alveolar bone augmentation, which may increase implant stability significantly on completely healed alveolar ridge.
Alveolar Process ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ; Animals ; Dogs ; Osseointegration ; Titanium

Resorption of alveolar bone that occurs following tooth extraction is irreversible, it may compromise the restoration of implants or conventional prostheses. Ridge preservation can minimize ridge resorption after tooth extraction. In this article, healing features of socket after tooth extraction, factors influencing ridge remodeling, and the use of bioma-terials were reviewed.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Alveolar Process ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ; Humans ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth Socket ; Wound Healing