OBJECTIVETo explore the possibility of repairing periodontal defects with carbonated calcium phosphate bone cement (CCPBC) modified with synthesized peptides.

METHODSPeriodontal bone defects in 4 dogs were surgically created and then restored directly with hydroxyapatite (HA), Perioglass, CCPBC and CCPBC modified with peptides. The results were compared at different levels.

RESULTSBone replacement materials were lost in HA and Perioglass groups. In the HA group defects were restored with connective tissue. Perioglass group had only a little new bone around materials by alveolar bone. CCPBC could firmly stay in bone defects to maintain the space of bone defects even without membrane use. CCPBC modified with peptides was superior to HA, Perioglass, and CCPBC, surrounded by a great deal of new bone.

CONCLUSIONUnder limitation of this study, CCPBC modified with peptides has some osteoinuctive activity and may have good prospect for the clinical application in periodontal defect repair.

Alveolar Bone Loss ; therapy ; Animals ; Bone Cements ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Calcium Phosphates ; Dogs ; Durapatite ; Male

Alveolar Bone Loss ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Peri-Implantitis ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of calcification of autogenous bone marrow stem cell transplantation in periodontal tissue regeneration.

METHODSBone marrow stem cells derived from the same dog were cultured with alpha-MEM. 1 x 10(7) cells of first passage were allowed to attach to the collagen membrane for 24 hours. The membrane-cells were transplanted into periodontal defect in the same dog. Then the defects were covered with e-pTFE membranes. The defects covered only with e-pTFE without membrane-cells were served as control. Eighteen teeth of 6 dogs for every group were studied. The dogs were sacrificed after 6 weeks.

RESULTSThe results showed that new bone formation in test group was significantly higher than that of control group. The calcification of new bone in test group was better than control group.

CONCLUSIONSThe results suggested that autogenous bone marrow stem cell transplantation with guided tissue regeneration technique could enhance periodontal tissue regeneration and could form new bone tissue fast and could shorten times of periodontal tissue regeneration in dogs.

Alveolar Bone Loss ; therapy ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Bone Regeneration ; Dogs ; Male ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tooth Calcification ; Transplantation, Autologous

Although intentional replantation is frequently used as a treatment modality for endodontic problems, severe periodontal involvement has usually been regarded as a contraindication. However, there are some studies suggesting that intentional replantation could be a successful treatment alternative for periodontally involved teeth. This paper reports the treatment of a tooth with severe periodontal involvement using intentional replantation. The tooth, which had had root canal therapy due to endodontic-periodontal combined lesion but showed extensive bone loss, was gently extracted and replanted after thorough debridement of the root surface. By intentional replantation, a tooth with severe periodontal involvement in this case could be preserved, without extraction, over the course of a 3-year follow-up period.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Debridement ; Follow-Up Studies ; Periodontal Attachment Loss ; Periodontal Diseases ; Replantation ; Root Canal Therapy ; Tooth Replantation ; Tooth

Periodontitis is caused by overactive osteoclast activity that results in the loss of periodontal supporting tissue and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are essential for periodontal regeneration. However, the hypoxic periodontal microenvironment during periodontitis induces the apoptosis of MSCs. Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are the major product of apoptotic cells and have been attracting increased attention as potential mediators for periodontitis treatment, thus we investigated the effects of ABs derived from MSCs on periodontitis. MSCs were derived from bone marrows of mice and were cultured under hypoxic conditions for 72 h, after which ABs were isolated from the culture supernatant using a multi-filtration system. The results demonstrate that ABs derived from MSCs inhibited osteoclast differentiation and alveolar bone resorption. miRNA array analysis showed that miR-223-3p is highly enriched in those ABs and is critical for their therapeutic effects. Targetscan and luciferase activity results confirmed that Itgb1 is targeted by miR-223-3p, which interferes with the function of osteoclasts. Additionally, DC-STAMP is a key regulator that mediates membrane infusion. ABs and pre-osteoclasts expressed high levels of DC-STAMP on their membranes, which mediates the engulfment of ABs by pre-osteoclasts. ABs with knock-down of DC-STAMP failed to be engulfed by pre-osteoclasts. Collectively, MSC-derived ABs are targeted to be engulfed by pre-osteoclasts via DC-STAMP, which rescued alveolar bone loss by transferring miR-223-3p to osteoclasts, which in turn led to the attenuation of their differentiation and bone resorption. These results suggest that MSC-derived ABs are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of periodontitis.
Humans ; Osteoclasts ; Alveolar Bone Loss/therapy* ; Cell Differentiation ; MicroRNAs ; Periodontitis/therapy* ; Extracellular Vesicles ; Apoptosis ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Alveolar Bone Loss ; etiology ; therapy ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal ; Humans ; Periodontal Diseases ; complications

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) combined with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) for the repair of the periodontal fenestration defect at the canines in Beagle dogs.

METHODSFour Beagle dogs were used for establishing the periodontal fenestration defect. Sixteen canines of four Beagle dogs were simple randomly assigned into experimental group 1 [LIPUS (60 mW/cm(2), 20 min/d) irradiation + GTR + the periodontal fenestration defect], experimental group 2 [LIPUS (60 mW/cm(2), 20 min/d) irradiation + the periodontal fenestration defect], experimental group 3 (GTR + the periodontal fenestration defect) and control group (the periodontal fenestration defect). Experiments conducted 28 d. The temperature of the gingive's surface of each group was tested every 14 days (analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test with SPSS 13.0). The demineralized bone tissue slices of the periodontal fenestration were obtained for histologic staining after 4 weeks treatment.

RESULTSClinically all the treatment groups healed well. The change of gingive's surface temperature [M(Q)] before and after LIPUS irradiating were: 0.225 (0.463)°C (experimental group 1), 0.265 (0.133)°C (experimental group 2), 0.090 (0.115)°C (experimental group 3); -0.175 (0.370)°C (control group). The P value of experimental group 1 and 2 with pre-and post-treatment each time were both 0.027. Histology of the demineralized bone tissue revealed that in experimental group 1, the bone defect was filled with fresh bone-like tissues, proliferatively active osteoblasts and newly formed cementum-like tissues along the defect surface. In experimental group 3, there were more new cementum- and bone-like tissues than in experimental group 2 and control group. In experimental group 2, the new bone collagen was more mature than in experimental group 3 and control group. In control group, there was less growth of new cementum along the notch, and the new bone collagen was immature.

CONCLUSIONSLIPUS combined with GTR may have the potential of promoting the repair of periodontal fenestration defect.

Alveolar Bone Loss ; therapy ; Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Dogs ; Gingiva ; physiology ; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal ; methods ; Male ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Random Allocation ; Temperature ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods ; Wound Healing

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and biological properties of a locally produced "Bovine Bone Sponge" for use in dentistry. Bovine bone sponge was prepared from local calf bone. Endotoxin level and surface properties were investigated. The pore size and water uptake ability were measured and results were compared with the commercial haemostatic agent. The material was tested for its haemostatic property and its inhibition of alveolar bone resorption in a sheep model following dental extraction. Results revealed a significant difference in haemostatic effect, and a shorter bleeding time and a lower rate of alveolar bone resorption in bovine bone sponge compare to a commercial haemostatic agent.
Alveolar Bone Loss/prevention & control ; *Biocompatible Materials ; *Bone and Bones ; Endotoxins/analysis ; Hemorrhage/*therapy ; *Hemostatics ; Limulus Test ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Sheep ; *Surgical Sponges ; *Tooth Extraction

BACKGROUNDCurrently, the most commonly used treatment methods for repairing alveolar furcation defects are periodontal guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and bone grafting. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin/methylcellulose gel on bone regeneration in alveolar defects in miniature pigs.

METHODSAlveolar defects were produced in 32 teeth (the third and fourth premolars) of 4 miniature pigs. The 32 experimental teeth were divided into 5 groups comprising control (C) and treatment (T) teeth: (1) empty defects without gel (group C0, n = 4); (2) defects injected with methylcellulose gel (group C1, n = 4); (3) defects injected with 0.5 mg/50 µl simvastatin/methylcellulose gel (group T1, n = 8); (4) defects injected with 1.5 mg/50 µl simvastatin/methylcellulose gel (group T2, n = 8); and (5) defects injected with 2.2 mg/50 µl simvastatin/methylcellulose gel (group T3, n = 8). Every week after surgery, the furcation sites were injected once with gel. At the eighth week after surgery, the 4 pigs were sacrificed and underwent macroscopic observation, descriptive histologic examination, and regenerate bone quantitative histologic examination.

RESULTSAt 8 weeks after surgery, the defect sites in the treatment groups were completely filled in with new bone and fibrous tissue. There was little new bone in the C0 and C1 groups, and only a small number of osteoblasts and proliferative vessels could be seen on microscopic examination.

CONCLUSIONSMiniature pigs are an ideal experimental animal for establishing a model of alveolar defects using a surgical method. Local application of simvastatin/methylcellulose gel can stimulate the regeneration of alveolar bone in furcation defect sites, because it promotes the proliferation of osteoblasts. The best dose of simvastatin gel to stimulate bone regeneration is 0.5 mg.

Alveolar Bone Loss ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; drug effects ; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal ; methods ; Simvastatin ; therapeutic use ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

In order to investigate the maxillary preprosthetic situation after oral tumor treatment and/or reconstructive surgery, based on the review of case history and the clinical records 47 cases were analyzed after oral tumor treatment and/or reconstruction, including residual maxillary bone, intermaxillary relationships, defection of maxilla and oral situation after radiation therapy. The results showed that the residual maxillary bone was useful for implantation in the front alveolar bone and zygoma area. The maxillary preprosthetic situation after tumor treatment and/or reconstructive surgery was difficult due to maxillary resection, intermaxillary relationships, unsuitable soft and hard tissue transfer and the irradiation. It is suggested that the maxillary preprosthetic situation after oral tumor treatment is getting worse not only due to maxillary resection and/or irradiation, but surprisingly also due to mandibular resection and/or irradiation.
Adult ; Aged ; Alveolar Bone Loss ; surgery ; Alveolar Process ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; surgery ; Maxillary Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies