Recently, a topical preparation of 5% propantheline bromide and 10% aluminum hydroxychloride in an emulsion ground substance was introduced as an effective antiperspirant. According to the literature, aluminum salts may produce functional closure of swet ducts. Nevertheless, histologic study has as yet failed to reveal a solid anatomic basis for occlusion. In this study, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to demonstrate eccrine gland ostial occlusion due to topical 5% propantheline bromide and 10% aluminum hydroxychloride.
Aluminum Hydroxide/pharmacology* ; Animal ; Eccrine Glands/drug effects* ; Foot ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred HRS ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Propantheline/pharmacology* ; Sweat Glands/drug effects*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on a murine model of allergic rhinitis (AR) and to confirm an appropriate method of establishing a mouse model of AR. METHOD: Establishing two types of BALB/c mice models of AR, one was identified as Local group which was characterized through intranasal sensitization and challenge using ovalbumin (OVA), and the other Systemic group which was made by intraperitoneal sensitization with OVA plus aluminum hydroxide and intranasal challenge through OVA. Then the numbers of sneezing and nasal rubbing were counted after the last challenge and the eosinophils in the nasal mucosa of mice models were observed and counted though Luna stain. Furthermore, morphological hyperplasia was examined in intraepithelial goblet cells and submucosal glands with HE stain. In addition, interlukin (IL) -4, IL-5, OVA specific IgE (sIgE) and interferon (IFN)-gamma in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) and serum of mice were examined u sing enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULT: The counts of sneezing and nasal rubbing in local group were more than those in systemic group and eosinophilia in the nasal mucosa of former group was greater than that in the latter one. Morphological hyperplasia was stronger in intraepithelial goblet cells and submucosal glands in local group compared with that in systemic group. Furthermore, the contents of IL-4, IL-5 and sIgE increased in the NLF and serum of mice of local group compared to those of systemic one. However, the production of IFN-gamma of mice in local group decreased when compared with that in Systemic group. CONCLUSION OVA plus aluminum hydroxide adjuvant may promote Th1 type immune response as well as Th2 response. OVA intranasal sensitization and challenge locally is an appropriate way in the establishment of AR mice models.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Aluminum Hydroxide ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Immunoglobulin E ; immunology ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Interleukin-5 ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; immunology

This study explored the curative effect of Jingfang Mixture on urticaria mice induced by aluminum hydroxide/ovalbumin, and discussed its mechanism. Sixty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, three Jingfang Mixture(low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose) groups, and a positive drug(cetirizine hydrochloride) group. The urticarial model in mice was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of the mixed solution of ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide. The degrees of pruritus were observed after the second immunization. Pathological changes were detected by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining. Levels of interleukin 1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) in the serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Expressions of NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3) and IL-1β were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC). Expressions of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB p65), NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC), cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases 1(caspase-1), and IL-1β proteins were detected by Western blot. The results showed that, except for the normal group, the mice in all groups had different degrees of pruritus. Compared with the model group, the Jingfang Mixture groups and the positive drug group prolonged the scratching latency of mice(P<0.05), and significantly reduced the number of scratching(P<0.05). In addition, the Jingfang Mixture groups and the positive drug group improved the pathological morphology of skin tissue. The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum were significantly reduced(P<0.05), and the number of NLRP3 and IL-1β positive cells was decreased(P<0.01). The expressions of p-NF-κB p65, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β protein were significantly down-regulated(P<0.05). The results of the above study indicate that Jingfang Mixture inhibit the inflammatory response in urticaria mice, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of activating NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway.
Animals ; Male ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Ovalbumin ; Aluminum Hydroxide/pharmacology* ; Signal Transduction ; Caspase 1/metabolism* ; Urticaria ; Pruritus

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of nebulized total ginkgo flavone glycosides (TFG) on Th1/Th2 imbalance in mice with athma.

METHODForty-eight BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four groups: group A (control group, n=12); group B (asthmatic model group, n=12); group C (TFG nebulized treated group, n=12); group D (dexamethasone intraperitoneal treated group, n=12). The asthmatic model was established by sensitivity and local activation with Ovalbumin(OVA) and aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3. TFG (50 g x L(-1), per aerosol per six mice, 30 minutes) was nebulized 20 days after modeling, while dexamethasone (1 g x L(-1)) was intraperitoneal once daily for 10 days. Perfusate of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was collected on day 32. The level of IL-4, IFN-gamma in BALF, and the level of total IgE in serum was determined. The airway inflammation pathology change and the expression of GATA-3 protein in lungs was detected by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTCompared with model group, the decreased content of IL-4(49.30 +/- 7.95) ng x L(-1) and increased level of IFN-gamma (49.08 x 5.46) ng x L(-1). were found in BALF, and the level of total IgE (9.47 +/- 1.52) microg x L(-1) in serum also decreased in TFG treated group. In model group, smooth muscle hypertrophing, mucous hyperemia, mucous layer thickening, and inflammatory cell in filtration were observed. Phlegmasia was appeared in the bronchi, which was filled with lots of mucus. In contrast, the inflammatory reaction in TFG and Dexamethasone treated group was less obvious. Expression of GATA-3 was markly increased in model group with decreased expression in TFG treated group.

CONCLUSIONNebulized TFG showed a therapeutic effect for asthmatic mice, the mechanism may be explained by blockingnnnn GATA-3 expression and regulating the disorder Th1/Th2 imbalance.

Aluminum Hydroxide ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Asthma ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Dexamethasone ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Flavones ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Th2 Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism