Objective To review the implications for diagnosis,pathogenesis and potential for new therapeutic option for chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL).Data sources Data cited in this review were obtained mainly from PubMed and Medline from 1993 to 2013 and highly regarded older publications were also included.The terms "chronic neutrophilic leukemia" and "diagnosis" were used for the literature search.Study selection We identified,retrieved and reviewed the information on the clinical and laboratory features,the new genetic findings,prognosis and disease evolution and management of CNL.Results The discovery of high-frequency granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF3R) mutations in CNL identifies a new major diagnostic criterion,and lends more specificity to the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for CNL,which are variably applied in routine clinical practice.Conclusions In patients for whom the cause of neutrophilia is not easily discerned,the incorporation of CSF3R mutation testing can be a useful point-of-care diagnostic to evaluate the presence of a clonal myeloid disorder,as well as providing the potential for genetically informed therapy.The oncogenic CSF3R mutations are molecular markers of sensitivity to inhibitors of the SRC family-TNK2 and JAK kinases and may provide a new avenue for therapy.

Background In the present work, a reverse – phase high –performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the determination of vitamin E in cereals. The sample treatment was done by Sohhlet extraction procedure with a water bath. Afterwards, vitamin E was analyzed by HPLC on a Discovery C 18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 mm) analytical column, using a solution of methanol: water (95:5, v/v) as mobile phase. The UV-Vis detection of vitamin was made at 210 nm for all samples and fl ow rate was adjusted at 0.8 ml.min-1. Among grain-cereal products, average content of vitamin E were determined in kamut, špaldove kernotto and špalda loupana, namely 1.19, 1.19 and 1.30 mg.100g-1. Keywords: vitamin E, HPLC, cereal INTRODUCTION Vitamin E is a fat soluble vitamin, being well presented in vegetables, fruits, seeds, nuts (Bramley et al., 2000). Cereals are one of the important sources of lipids as well as a good source of vitamin E. Several studies have been investigated that presences of numerous antioxidant compounds in two specifi c food groups, the carotenoids and the vitamin E contributes signifi cantly in disease prevention ( Palozza & Krinsky, 1992, Halliwell et al.,1995, Andlauer & Fürst, 1998 ). Biological activities of vitamin E vitamers generally believed to its antioxidant action by tocopherols. Specially, α-tocopherol has been labeled as most effi cient antioxidant for lipid peroxidation in biological membranes (Traber & Atkinson, 2007). Vitamin E is not synthesized within a human body, and must be supplied in the diet. More data on vitamin E contents in cereals and other foodstuffs are needed, however, since they have been investigated with modern, reliable analytical methods in a few studies (Panfi li, 2003, Sundl et al., 2007). Due to the reason many researche have been performed to develop a simple and sensitive determination method for vitamin E and other fat soluble vitamins in foods. Several HPLC methods for determination of vitamin E are described in the literature, as well as methods its vitamers simultaneous determination (Lang et al., 1992, Luque-Garcia, 2001, Escriva´ et al., 2002). The aim of this study was to develop a normal phase HPLC method for a fast and reliable determination of vitamin E of cereals. Therefore, it was to investigate the precision of calculatedvitamin E content of cereals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Chemicals. D, L-α-tocoferol and - were from Fluka (Sigma-Aldrich Co, Germany). Methanol (purity: 99.8%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). All other reagents were analytical grade and were purchased from Petr Lukes (Uhersky Brod, Czech Republic). Samples. For this analysis were chosen following cereals grown in organic farming: Kamut, Špaldove kernotto, Grünkern and Špalda loupaná. Individual samples were delivered directly by the manufacturer PRO-BIO, Ltd., (Staré Město Sněžníkem, Czech Republic). Cereals products stored in the original container in a dark place at room temperature and not more than 4 months after packing.

Asbestos is a human carcinogen, and prohibited to use in 55 countries. Thermal power plants, construction industries, locomotive repair shops and analytical laboratories in Mongolia use asbestos as thermal insulation material. This study investigated exposure to airborne asbestos in workplaces. Total of 85 air sampleswere collected from thermal power plants (n=4), locomotive repairshop (n=1), construction renovation workplace (n=1), construction material shop (n=1) and analytical laboratory (n=1).The air samples were collected and analyzed by NIOSH 7400 and 7402 standard analytical methods. The average of airborne asbestos concentration (0.72f/cm3) in the workplaces was 7.2 times higher than the occupational exposure limit (0.1f/cm3). Exposure to airborne asbestos was exceeded in insulation workplaces of the thermal power plants and locomotive repairshop.Airborne asbestos was detected from construction renovation worksite, construction material shop and analytical laboratory, but did not exceeded the occupational exposure level.

A child’s career aspirations are based on a number of external factors such as ethnicity, gender, age, income, family influence and socioeconomic status. These factors are interrelated and given varying degrees of importance culturally, for example, in the UK, white British parents tend to have high aspirations for their daughters whereas, in Pakistani and Bangladeshi families, daughters are expected to marry, not excel in their education or career. High school students of secondary education in terms of gender, 34432 studentsenrolled in high school who are studying in 46.47% of men and women are 53.52% of the high school, there are changes in the gender disparity. This study is conducted due to Millennium Development Goal 3 is to eliminate gender disparity in education by 2015. This study was conducted among General Education School students of Ulaanbaatar city in 2015. Three hundred twenty four school students participated in this study. The cross sectional study was conducted with 294 high school students.Thirty high school students participated in focus group interview. This study was used qualitative and quantities design.Of the respondents, 47.6% were male and 52.4% female. 79.3% of high school students have chosen a career and 20.7% of high school students have not chosen yet. We are evaluated in career choice with a focus on a gender issue. P = 0.0001 whether there are statistically significant and career choice have different in men and women gender.In this study, 20.7 percent of high school students do not choose career due to a lack of information,do not give the professional advice from the school for them. Thus, schools need to introduce if possible considering the foreign experience, lesson of career choice is reflected in the school curriculum.

BACKGROUND:Acute inflamed process in gallbladder stand no more in the list of contraindication for its laparoscopicremoval, although specifity of operational technics need to be elaborated in details.PURPOSE:The purpose of the study to determine feasibility and specifity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.METHODS AND MATERIALS:Based on standard instructions three holes were punched on the front wall of the abdominal cavity forinsertion of fibroscopic instrument, Olympus-2008, Model-Uni 3, input-120/240V, 50/60Hz, 150VA. Patientselection included 108 individuals hospitalized during 2009-2013 in the department of urgent surgery, IIIShastin Clinical Hospital.RESULTS:Average ages of the patients were 38. Clinical diagnosis based on signs and symptoms revealed at thephysical examination confirmed by echosonographic investigation for final diagnosis. Specificity of surgicaltechnics were incision and infusion of large amount of antibiotic solution into the inflamed gallbladder at theinoculation; use blunt edge for inoculation of the duct and artery of gallbladder; switching to open surgeryin case of revealed massive enzymatic infiltration and adhesive scars.CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystoectomy is feasibility operative procedure having advantages anddisadvantages, requiring necessary preventive measures of the complications.

Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Hemorrhage ; prevention & control ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo review the implications for diagnosis, pathogenesis and potential for new therapeutic option for chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL).

DATA SOURCESData cited in this review were obtained mainly from PubMed and Medline from 1993 to 2013 and highly regarded older publications were also included. The terms "chronic neutrophilic leukemia" and "diagnosis" were used for the literature search.

STUDY SELECTIONWe identified, retrieved and reviewed the information on the clinical and laboratory features, the new genetic findings, prognosis and disease evolution and management of CNL.

RESULTSThe discovery of high-frequency granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF3R) mutations in CNL identifies a new major diagnostic criterion, and lends more specificity to the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for CNL, which are variably applied in routine clinical practice.

CONCLUSIONSIn patients for whom the cause of neutrophilia is not easily discerned, the incorporation of CSF3R mutation testing can be a useful point-of-care diagnostic to evaluate the presence of a clonal myeloid disorder, as well as providing the potential for genetically informed therapy. The oncogenic CSF3R mutations are molecular markers of sensitivity to inhibitors of the SRC family-TNK2 and JAK kinases and may provide a new avenue for therapy.

Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor ; genetics

Introduction: Total environment 24 % of all estimated global deaths are linked to the environment. As of 2022, Ulaanbaatar has a population of 1,691,800, vehicles 435,725, thermal power plants 4, market and shopping centers 111, factories 13,465, and 225 gas stations. Also, 1.5 million tons of waste are generated annually, 1135.6 tons of coal are used, and environmental pollution is increasing year by year. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the heavy metal contamination of the soil of Ulaanbaatar city and protect the health of the population. Purpose: To determine heavy metals pollution in the soil of Ulaanbaatar city Materials and Methods: We used descriptive research design in this study. Secondary data from Meteorological and Environmental Monitoring Department was used. The content of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd)) in the soil was evaluated in comparison with the maximum permissible amount specified in the MNS 5850:2019 standard. Statistical analyzing was calculated using SPSS-25 software, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The average concentration of heavy metals in the soil of residential areas of 9 districts of Ulaanbaatar city is cadmium 0.43 mg/kg (min=0, max=26.6), mercury 0.22 mg/kg (min=0, max=4), chromium 11.2 mg/kg ( min=0, max=1609.6), lead is 24.4 mg/kg (min=0, max=257.2). Cadmium concentration in soil Bagakhangai (25%), Baganuur (19.7%), Khan-Uul (18.9%), lead concentration in Nalaikh (8.3%), Bayanzurkh (5.4%), Chingeltei (3.3), mercury concentration in Baganuur ( 24.7%), Khan-Uul (18.4%), and chromium concentration in certain locations of Khan-Uul (4.7%) districts exceeded the standards, respectively. The concentration of soil cadmium (21.2%) and lead (7.7%) near the technical market, mercury concentration (26.3%) near the market and shopping center, and chromium concentration (58.9%) near the central treatment plant exceeded the maximum permissible levels. Conclusion Cadmium and mercury pollution were mainly detected in the heavy metal pollution of the soil of Ulaanbaatar city, and there is heavy metal pollution in certain locations of Baganuur and Khan-Uul districts. Heavy metal pollution is caused by activities such as technical markets, auto repair shops, markets, shopping centers, and treatment plants.

Introduction : Water is a vital resource for human existence and is essential for daily food processing, preparation, washing, hygiene, and sanitation. Furthermore, providing the population with safe drinking water is one of the pressing problems of the world and some regions.
In recent years, population density and the scale of commercial and industrial activities, as well as clean and dirty water consumption were increased in the capital city. As a result of these, ground and surface water resources are becoming scarce and polluted.
Therefore, assessment of daily drinking and residential water consumption of Ulaanbaatar should be determined to use drinking water properly in daily life and water loss. This study assessed the actual amount of households’ daily water consumption. Goal: The purpose of this study is to determine the daily consumption of drinking water for households in ger areas and apartments in Ulaanbaatar. Materials and Method: This study covers 30 households in ger areas and 15 apartment households, in Ulaanbaatar. Household members performed 6-10 types of measurements every day, within 7 days. As a result of these measurements, actual consumption of water quantity used for drinking and household purposes was calculated. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Version 21 to calculate the true probability of difference between parameters. Result: 67.9% of the households in the ger areas were 4-5 family members. The average daily household consumption of drinking and domestic water were 68.3 ± 3.57 L (95% 61.3-75.3), the minimum consumption was 12 L, and the maximum was 227 L. Average of the household water consumption water was 97.6-108.9 liters during the weekends, and water consumption was statistically higher than weekdays (p=0.001; p=0.01).
The water consumption of residential households with 3 family members accounted for the majority (30.8%) in this study. The average daily consumption of drinking and domestic water was 297.67±19.7 liters. There was no statistically significant difference (p=0.96) in week. The average daily water consumption including drinking and residential was 270.3-335.97 L.
The total daily drinking and residential water consumption per person was 15.57 L for households in ger areas and 90 L for apartment households. Calculating the daily water consumption of households in ger areas, 60.3% of it is used for laundry, washing dishes, food preparation, washing face and hands, and clothes, 31% for drinking, and 8.7% for outdoor water use. While apartment households, approximately 94.1%, were used for household and 5.9% for drinking purposes. Research ethics approval : This study was discussed at the meeting of the Academic Council of the National Center for Public Health. In addition, this study was carried out according to the methods and methods discussed and approved at the meeting of the Medical Ethics Control Committee of the Ministry of Health (Resolution No. 08). Conclusion The total daily consumption of drinking and residential water per person were 15.57 litres for the households in the ger areas and 90 litres for the apartment households. It implies that it does not exceed the WHO recommendations