Allergens ; analysis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Skin Tests

BACKGROUNDThe hygiene hypothesis has been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of asthma. Allergen exposure was shown to inhibit asthma in an animal model. But the optimal timing of allergen exposure remains unclear. This study aims to explore the time effcct of allergen exposure and the possible mechanisms.

METHODSNeonate Wistar rats were randomly divided into asthma group, control group and day 1, day 3, day 7, and day 14 groups. The day 1, day 3, day 7 and day 14 groups were injected with ovalbumin (OVA) subcutaneously on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after birth, respectively. Six weeks later, all groups, except the control group, were sensitized and stimulated with OVA to make the asthma model. We observed the pulmonary pathologic changes, detected the regulatory T cells, and CD28 expression level in thymus and spleen by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe asthmatic inflammation in the day 1, day 3 and day 7 groups, but not the day 14 group, was alleviated. The asthma group and day 14 group had lower proportions of regulatory T cells in the thymus compared with the control group, day 1, day 3, and day 7 groups. There was no significant difference in the CD28 expression levels on the regulatory and conventional T cells among groups. But the control group and the day 1, day 3, and day 7 groups had relatively higher proportions of CD28 positive regulatory T cells in the thymus than the day 14 group and the asthma group.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a "time-window" for early allergen exposure. The impairment of regulatory T cells may promote the development of asthma. Allergen exposure in the "time-window" can make the thymus produce normal quantity of regulatory cells. The CD28 signal on regulatory T cells may participate in the production of regulatory T cells.

Allergens ; immunology ; Animals ; Asthma ; etiology ; CD28 Antigens ; analysis ; physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Ovalbumin ; immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the alteration of inflammasome and receptor during IgG promoter transfected to HepG2 cells.

METHODBy assay of Elisa to evaluate the secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-8, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 after puerarine and LPS administration, and by assay of real time PCR to evaluate the expression of mRNA of IL-1 beta, IL-8,TNF-alpha and MCP-1, as well as the receptors of TLR2, 4 and NOD2, MyD88.

RESULTIgG promoter did not active innate immunity and enhance the expression and secretion of inflammasome in HepG2. Puerarine did not active the inflammasome either. LPS activated the innate immunity and increased the secretion of IL-8, TNF-alpha and MCP-1.

CONCLUSIONIgG-HepG2 cells could be used specifically as the model of allergy type II for ingredients screening. It is suggested that puerarine was suite for the activator for this type of allergy as positive control.

Allergens ; analysis ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Gene Expression Regulation ; immunology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; genetics ; Inflammasomes ; immunology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of serum in allergic rhinitis and investigate the specific clinic allergen and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. METHOD: Allergy Screen method was used to detect the specific allergen and total serum IgE level of 134 cases of Allergic rhinitis. RESULT: The dust mite was the most common allergen in inhalation group in 134 cases of allergic rhinitis, the positive rates was 90%; then were donly, feline and scurfy fungus, the positive rates were 16%, 9%. The positive rates of total IgE was 54%. The serum IgE levels between 100 to 200 kU/L, there was 21 cases together, but there existed 7 negative cases. There were 51 cases' IgE levels more than 200 kU/L, the rates was 70.8%, but there still existed 4 negative cases. CONCLUSION Allergy screen method can find relevant allergen and provide basis for the prevention and treatment of allergic disease.
Adult ; Allergens ; blood ; immunology ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Male ; Mites ; immunology ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Pollen ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; immunology

The prevalence of peanut allergy in Korea is lower than in America. Peanut extract allergens between the two countries have not been standardized. This study was performed to compare the allergenicity of raw Korean and American peanuts with that of roasted peanuts. We prepared the peanut extracts in Korean raw (KP) and roasted peanuts (KRP), and also in American raw (AP) and roasted (ARP) peanuts. We compared the peanut extract allergens of KP, KRP, AP and ARP in vitro with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by immunoblotting, T-cell proliferation assay and skin prick test with sera from peanut-allergic patients. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting demonstrated four allergenic extracts, numerous bands that displayed a high prevalence of IgE binding. IgE-binding bands were at 64, 36 and 17 kDa. Western blot inhibition revealed that either KP or AP could almost completely inhibit the reactivity of the other extract. There were no differences between T-cell proliferation assay and skin prick test. In conclusion, this investigation showed no different allergic components in both raw and roast extracts of Korean and American peanuts.
Allergens/immunology ; Allergens/analysis+ACo- ; Allergens/adverse effects ; Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Comparative Study ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Food Hypersensitivity/immunology ; Heat ; Human ; Hybridization ; Korea ; Lymphocyte Transformation ; North America ; Peanuts/immunology ; Peanuts/classification ; Peanuts/chemistry+ACo- ; Plant Extracts/immunology ; Plant Proteins/immunology ; Plant Proteins/analysis+ACo- ; Plant Proteins/adverse effects ; Skin Tests ; Species Specificity ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects

Arthropod antigens are main causative agents which induce allergic responses in humans. However, little information is known about the prevalence of specific arthropod allergens in Koreans with allergic diseases. The current study was designed to determine the positive rates of arthropod antibodies by the Korean inhalant panel of MAST-CLA. One hundred sixty patients, who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis from an out-patient center at the Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, were studied between August 1998 to July 2000. The overall positive rate, at least more than one specific antibody of arthropods such as Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), and cockroach mix (Cm), was 46.9%. Each positive rate of Df, Dp, and Cm was 45.0%, 43.1%, and 8.8%, respectively. A significant agreement among arthropod allergens was observed (Df and Dp: 95.6%, Kappa = 0.911, P < 0.001). Our data supported the fact that arthropods were the most common allergens in Korean patients with allergic rhinitis; however, the MAST-CLA should be modified to increase specificity of arthropod allergens.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Allergens/*immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies/*analysis ; Arthropods/*immunology ; Child ; Female ; Human ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology/*immunology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The allergens were separated from the extracts of house dust mites by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and identified by autoradiography. Over 30 protein bands of the whole body extract of Dermatophagoides farinae were apparent on 10-20% gradient SDS-PAGE, and 13 bands with MW between 93KD and 12KD bound with specific IgE antibodies in patients' sera sensitive to house dust mites. The major allergenic component of the whole body extract of D. farinae was the protein of MW 14-15KD, which was detected in 95.7% of 47 patients' sera sensitive to house dust mites. The extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus supplied by Bencard Company, England was thought to contain feces enriched material as noted in a few broad protein bands on SDS-PAGE. Seven allergenic components were shown by autoradiography. The protein band of MW 14-15KD was one of the most frequently revealed allergens on autoradiography, which has appeared in 32.5% of 40 patients' sera sensitive to house dust mites. The electrobotting technique used in the present study was fast, convenient and highly useful for both the identification of allergen components and the screening of specific IgE antibody. The individual variations of IgE immune responses to the allergenic components of the two house dust mites were discussed.
Allergens/*analysis ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Dust ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Human ; Immunoglobulin E/metabolism ; Mites/*immunology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhaled allergen distribution of children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area and to analyze the relevant factors. METHOD: Six hundred and twenty-six cases children in Guangzhou region diagnosed with allergic rhinitis from January 2009 to December 2011 in our outpatient department were tested with skin prick test (SPT). Ten of standardized common inhaled allergens were analysed. The variety of allergens positive rate was calculated. And the gender, age, living environment,history of asthma, eczema, history and family history of clinical data were analyzed. RESULT: The positive rate of SPT was 84.82% (531/626). The dust mites(76.36%) and the house dust mite(72.84%) have the highest positive rate, then the positive rate of the dog hair (11.98%), cat hair (7.03%) and Blattella germanica (4.31%) was degressively. The positive rate was significantly correlated with family history, history of eczema and asthma. The positive rate was correlated with the gender, independent of the living environment. The intensity of the test has no significant correlation with gender, and was significantly correlated with other factors. The positive rate of SPT has significant difference in ages and the highest positive rate of SPT was in the 10-14 age group, the SPT rate was 93.8%. Three groups have significant differences in the positive rate of mite, dog hair and cat hair. CONCLUSION The main inhaled allergen in children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area tested by SPT was mite, dog hair and cat hair, respectively. The different ages, living environment, family history, history of eczema and allergic rhinitis children with asthma were related with the pathogenesis and development of AR in childhood. Our results have the contribution to early diagnosis and intervention of children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area.
Adolescent ; Allergens ; analysis ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; Skin Tests

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the geographic distribution of air-borne allergens which caused allergic rhinitis in Urumqi, and offer guide for prevention and treatment of the patients with allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Skin prick tests were performed on 350 patients with allergic rhinitis by assay of Novo-helisen depot (NHD) fluid. RESULT: The total positive rate of inhaled allergens among 350 patients was 78.86%. The most frequent of allergen was chenopodium 78.86% (255 cases). The other frequent allergens were ragweed 36.86% (128 cases), artemisir 28% (98 cases), timothy 27.14% (95 cases), elm 5.71% (90 cases), willow 25.14% (88 cases), poplar 18.86% (66 cases), cockroach 18.86% (66 cases), dust-mite 14.86% (62 cases), flour mite 14.86% (52 cases), alternaria spp 2.86% (10 cases). Allergen were multiple in most AR patients. There was not statistically significant difference between the sexes. There was statistically significant difference between the tribes. CONCLUSION Chenopodium, ragweed and artemisir were the main allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Urumqi.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; immunology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDHaikou locates in tropical island with unique mite propagation. The aim of this stuy is to determine mite allergens levels in Haikou, and to investigate the prevalence of mite specific IgE-sensitization and IgE cross-reactivity between house dust mites.

METHODSAllergen and antigen concentrations against six mite species were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specific IgE concentrations and cross-inhibitions were measured with ADVIA Centaur(®).

RESULTSAllergen or antigen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1), Blomia tropicalis (Blo t) and Tyrophagus putrescentia (Tyr p) were detected in dust samples. Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 1), Lepidoglyphus destructor (Lep d 2), and Acarus siro (Aca s) were found in very few samples. Specific IgE tests showed high prevalence of sensitizations against all tested mites with high IgE levels to Der p, Der f, and Blo t. Storage mites, Blo t, Tyr p, Lep d, and Aca s, could inhibit Der p from 0 to 50%. Storage mites could inhibit Der f between 30% and 100%. Der p IgE could be inhibited by Der f with up to 90%, and vice versa. Der p could inhibit Blo t from 40% to 80%. Blo t was able to fully inhibit IgE binding to Lep d, Tyr p, and Aca s compared to partial inhibition by Der p.

CONCLUSIONSDer p is the dominating mite and has the highest specific IgE prevalence among asthmatic children. Blo t represents an important source of storage mite sensitization and some patients may be independently sensitized to both Der p and Blo t. High prevalence of sensitization to Der f may be due to IgE-mediated cross-reactivity with Der p and Blo t.

Adolescent ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; Allergens ; analysis ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; analysis ; Arthropod Proteins ; analysis ; Asthma ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cross Reactions ; Cysteine Endopeptidases ; analysis ; Dust ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; immunology ; Mites ; immunology