OBJECTIVE: To observe the role of the dust mites drops sublingual immunotherapy(SLIT) in pediatric allergic rhiriitis caused by dust mites and compare its efficacy between monosensitized and polysensitized children. METHOD: A total of 77 pediatric allergic rhinitis patients received Dermatophagoides farina extracts sublingual immunotherapy for 2 years were enrolled as desensitization group and were allocated into monosensitized group (41 cases) and polysensitized group (36 cases) according to the number of coexisting allergens. Meanwhile another 33 allergic rhinitis children treated by pharmacotherapy during the period were collected as control group. The total symptom scores (TNSS), total medication scores (TMS) and visual analogue scale(VAS) were assessed at the beginning, six months, 1 year and 2 years of the treatment. SPSS 13. 0 software was used to analyze the data. RESULT: the score of TNSS and VAS in desensitization was slightly higher than the control after six months treatment, but without difference at l year and 2 years; the score of TMS had significantly improved in desensitization compared with the corresponding points in control. All the parameters in monosensitized group were equivalent with polysensitizend group, except the score of TMS was slightly lower than the polysensitizend group at six months. CONCLUSION Dust mite drops sublingual immunotherapy is effective for the allergic rhinitis children caused by mites. And it has similar immunotherapy efficacy between monosensitized and polysensitized children.
Administration, Sublingual ; Allergens ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; administration & dosage ; Child ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy ; Software ; Sublingual Immunotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of specific immunotherapy and intranasal glucocorticoid on T help 17 (Th17) cells and RORgammat in peripheral blood in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).

METHODSForty patients with allergic rhinitis (group A) were divided randomly into two subgroups (group A1 and A2), and each subgroup had 20 patients. The patients in group A1 were treated with intranasal glucocorticoid (INGS) for one-year. The patients in group A2 were treated with special immunotherapy (SIT) for 4 weeks. Blood samples were respectively taken from 10 healthy individuals (group B), 20 AR patients (group A1) before and after SIT with specific standardized allergen and 20 AR patients (group A2) before and after INGS. The ratio of Th17 cells in peripheral blood monouclear cells (PBMC) were analysed by flow cytometry. The expression of RORgammat mRNA were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the interleukin-23(IL-23), IL-17, IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSThe ratio of Th17 cells in PBMC and the expression of RORgammat mRNA in group A [(18.97 +/- 1.05)% and (0.604 +/- 0.027)] were respectively higher than those in group B [(15.12 +/- 1.09)% and (0.447 +/- 0.024)] and the difference reached statistical significance (t were respectively -10.056 and -17.986, each P < 0.01). The level of IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23 in group A were respectively higher than those in group B and the difference reached statistical significance (t were respectively -41.149, -17.618 and -26.824, all P < 0.01). The ratio of Th17 cells in PBMC, the expression of RORgammat mRNA, the level of IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23 before INGS did not show significant difference from those of after INGS in group A1 (t were respectively 0.298, 0.240, -1.136, 0.283 and -1.670, all P > 0.05). The ratio of Th17 cells in PBMC and the expression of RORgammat mRNA were respectively (18.99 +/- 1.14)% and (0.603 +/- 0.027) before SIT and were respectively (16.30 +/- 1.63)% and (0.429 +/- 0.023) after SIT in group A2, and the difference reached statistical significance (t were respectively 6.035 and 22.015, all P < 0.01). The level of IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23 before SIT were lower respectively than those of after SIT in group A2 and the difference reached statistical significance (t were respectively 9.235, 11.289, 7.267, all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe ratio of Th17 cells in PBMC, the expression of RORgammat mRNA, the level of IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23 were up-regulated in patients with AR. The treatment of SIT could get the 5 items down and the treatment of INGS couldn't.

Allergens ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Interleukin-17 ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; Rhinitis, Allergic

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of standardized subcutaneous immunotherapy for dust mite in patients with allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Using self-control methods, 35 cases with allergic rhinitis were treated with specific immunotherapy for 2 years. Symptom score and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were observed before treatment and 1 years, 2 years after treatment respectively. RESULT: The symptoms, signs and VAS score of the 35 patients who were treated with specific immunotherapy after 1 year were significantly reduced than that before treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The symptoms, signs and VAS score of the patients who completed 2 years' treatment, compared with that of pretreatment and 1 year treatment were significantly reduced, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Standardized immunotherapy for dust mite is a safe, effective method for patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, which can be used as a routine treatment for allergic rhinitis. To further improve the therapeutic effect, immunotherapy should be continued for at least 2 years.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Allergens ; administration & dosage ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

There are some small molecules with potential allergenicity in traditional Chinese medicine injections. They are lack of immunogenicity due to their small molecular weight, but they can lead to allergic reactions when they were coupled with appropriate vectors. Therefore, how to couple small molecule semi-antigens with vectors to prepare complete antigens with immunogenicity and reactogenicity is the key for screening small molecular allergenic substances out of traditional Chinese medicine injections. In terms of semi-antigen characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine injections, vector selection and application, coupling method and complete antigen purification and identification, the author introduces the latest research situations of artificial antigen and antibody preparation technology, the advance in experimental studies on screening of allergenic substances in traditional Chinese medicine injections, as well as the application prospect of immuno-chip technology in studies on allergenic substances in traditional Chinese medicine injections, with the aim of providing new experimental thoughts and methods for safety control of traditional Chinese medicine injections.
Allergens ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; immunology ; Antigens ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; immunology ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Serum Albumin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; immunology

PURPOSE: The clinical efficacy of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) for the treatment of patients with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) using house dust mite (HDM) extract has been reported. Cyclosporin has been regarded as an effective medication for treatment of severe AD. In this study, we investigated a clinical usefulness of combined treatment with SCIT and cyclosporin in patients with severe AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine patients with severe AD and hypersensitivity to HDM were treated with a combination of SCIT using HDM extract and cyclosporin for 12 months. The primary efficacy outcome was the change in the standardized clinical severity scoring system for AD (SCORAD) values, measured at 6 and 12 months, in comparison with the values at baseline. Daily dose of cyclosporin was decreased or discontinued according to the degrees of clinical improvements in individual patients. RESULTS: In 8 patients who completed 12 months of treatment, the SCORAD values significantly decreased from 71.5+/-15.5 (mean+/-SD) at baseline to 20.4+/-14.6 at 6 months and 26.3+/-13.6 at 12 months (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p=0.01), and no significant systemic side effects were observed. Cyclosporin was discontinued in 4 of 8 patients within 8 months after starting the combined treatment. CONCLUSION: In this study, combined treatment with SCIT and cyclosporin resulted in significant clinical improvements in patients with severe AD. Further studies are needed to test the clinical usefulness of this combined treatment for patients with severe AD.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Allergens/*administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cyclosporine/*administration & dosage ; Dermatitis, Atopic/*drug therapy/immunology ; Desensitization, Immunologic/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/*administration & dosage ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of SLIT with Dermatophagoides farinae drops in children with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma according to its different duration.

METHODSThe efficacy of Dermatophagoides farinae SLIT in 100 children (aged 3-14 yr) with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma induced by house dust mites was retrospectively analyzed. All children were treated with Dermatophagoides farinae drops for 4 years and followed-up at the interval of 3 months. Total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), total rhinitis symptomatic medication scores (TRMS), daytime asthma symptom scores (DASS), nighttime asthma symptom scores (NASS), total asthma symptomatic medication scores (TAMS), visual analog scale scores (VAS) and lung function were assessed during follow-up visit. SPSS 20.0 software was used for data analysis.

RESULTSAfter 2 years' SLIT, compared with 1-year duration, besides NASS (0.00[0.00;0.00], 0.00[0.00;0.00]; Z = 1.811; P > 0.05), TNSS (2.00[1.00;2.00], 0.00[0.00;0.00]; Z = 7.021, P < 0.01), TRMS (2.00[2.00;2.00], 0.00[0.00;0.00]; Z = 8.855; P < 0.01), VAS scores (3.00[2.00;4.00], 1.00[0.00;1.00]; Z = 4.494, P < 0.01), DASS (1.00[0.00;1.00]; 0.00[0.00;0.00]; Z = 4.383, P < 0.01) and TAMS (0.00[0.00;1.00], 0.00[0.00;0.00]; Z = 8.944; P < 0.01) all showed significant improvement. After 3-year duration, compared with 2-year duration, VAS scores (1.00[0.00;1.00], 0.00[0.00;0.00]; Z = 3.645, P < 0.05) in patients were significantly decreased. Other results showed no significant difference. The comparison of efficacy between 3 and 4-year duration showed no significant difference in global clinical outcomes (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPatients receiving 2 year' SLIT achieve more clinical benefits than those who receiving 1-year duration. The higher efficacy of 3-year duration compared with 2-year duration is supported by a significant improvement in VAS. Besides, the comparison between 3 and 4-year duration shows no significant difference in global clinical outcomes. Therefore, 3 years' duration is optimal in this study.

Administration, Sublingual ; Adolescent ; Allergens ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; administration & dosage ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy ; Sublingual Immunotherapy ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the onset time and efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with Dermatophagoides farinae drops in children with house dust mites (HDM)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR).

METHODSOne hundred and forty three children with perennial moderate to severe HDM-induced AR were treated by SLIT with standardized Dermatophagoides farinae extract. One hundred children who finally completed two years treatment were divided into two groups according to the age: younger children group (aged 4-8 years, n = 52) and older children group (aged 9-14 years, n = 48). Respectively, Each children was assessed before and after 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 24th months of the treatment. Total nasal symptom score (TNSS), total medication score (TMS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated at each visit. All clinical data were analyzed retrospectively with the SPSS 19.0 software.

RESULTSTNSS, TMS and VAS of two groups decreased significantly after three months of the treatment compared with before (younger children group: Z value was -3.843, -3.534, -3.940, older children group: Z value was -3.938, -3.405, -3.953, all P < 0.05). TNSS and VAS of younger children group decreased significantly after two months of the treatment compared with before (6.4 ± 1.6, 5.3 ± 1.4 vs 8.6 ± 1.2, 7.9 ± 1.6, Z value was -3.843, -3.940, both P < 0.05). Five children (5%) experienced local adverse events and 2 children (2%) experienced mild systemic adverse events. No severe adverse events happened during the treatment.

CONCLUSIONSSLIT with Dermatophagoides farinae drops is an efficient and safe treatment for children with HDM-induced AR. Its onset of action can be observed as early as 3 months after treatment.

Administration, Sublingual ; Adolescent ; Allergens ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; administration & dosage ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy ; Software ; Sublingual Immunotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of SDS, PBS re-dissolvent solutions on fluorescence values of radioallergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition.

METHODSDermatophagoides pterronyssinus allergen immunoCAP and UniCAP 100 System were used. The Sera Pool consisted of 20 Dermatophagoides pterronyssinus allergic patients sera, their specific IgE fluorescence values were between 12505 and 24776.

RESULTSFluorescence value percentages decreased: 62.9%, 54.1%, 43.5%, 6.7%, 3.7%, 2.6%, 2.2%, and 1.4% respectively, when SDS concentrations were at 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01%. Fluorescence values decreased more than 5% with SDS concentrations equal to 0.25% or higher. PBS in 0.1 and 0.01 mol/L concentrations decreased fluorescence values 2.9% and 0.9% respectively.

CONCLUSIONSSDS is a commonly used surfactants in allergen extract and re-dissolvent prepared allergen precipitation for RAST inhibition. Thus effects of surfactants (e.g. SDS) upon the RAST inhibition tests must be considered when they were used as re-dissolvent agents to improve protein resolution in RAST inhibition.

Allergens ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; immunology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; immunology ; Phosphates ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Radioallergosorbent Test ; methods ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Solutions ; Surface-Active Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of sublingual immunotherapy with dust mite for allergic rhinitis. METHOD: The symptom score of 188 patients with dust mite allergic rhinitis were recorded before and after treatment for six months, a year, and compare the treatment effects. RESULT: Symptom scores of 188 patients were decreased after treatment than before, the symptoms of treatment were improved significantly after six months, symptoms were improved more significantly after one year, the difference was significant (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Sublingual immunotherapy with dust mite is a safe and effective treatment for allergic rhinitis, and it is worthy of promotion.
Administration, Sublingual ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Allergens ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mites ; immunology ; Pyroglyphidae ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; immunology ; therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the sensitivity of Brown Norway rats (BN) with Guinea pigs (GP) as allergen assessment animal models.

METHODBN rats and GP were randomly assigned to 1 control group, 2 Bovine serum albumin group (BSA), respectively. Animals in BSA groups of BN rats and GPs were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of 0.6% BSA 1 ml on day 1, 3, 5, respectively, and irritated by intravenous injection of 2.4% BSA 1 ml on day 7 and day 14 after the last sensitization, while the same volume of normal saline was given to control group on each time point mentioned above. The allergic reactions were scored within 1 h after each irritation treatment, and the sera of both BN rats and GPs were collected to detect IgE concentration by using ELISA. The sera were also applied for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test (PCA test) in SD rats.

RESULTNo obvious allergic reactions were observed in BSA group of GPs after each irritation treat, however, the score of allergic response in BSA group of BN rats was evidently higher than that in control group after first irritation. PCA test by using sera from BSA group of BN rats after both irritations showed the strong positive result characterized as large amount of subcutaneous effusions of Evans blue in SD rats, however, the sera from BSA group of GP were negative in PCA test. Serum IgE concentration did not increase after each irritation in BSA group of both BN rats and GP.

CONCLUSIONBN rats were more sensitive than GPs on initiative systemic anaphylaxis test and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test. Meanwhile, BN rats has an advantage in experimental treatment compared with Guinea pigs.

Allergens ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Guinea Pigs ; Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred BN ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley