Aim To investigate the effect of CPD1 , a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, on contractile ten- sion of pulmonary artery and aorta in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ) .Methods MCT- induced PAH was generated by a single intraperitoneal injection of MCT(50 mg • kg"1) in rats.Seven days after MCT injection, the rats were treated with CPD1 ( 10 mg • kg-1 • d"1) for 14 days.The tension of vascular rings was examined in MCT-induced PAH rats.Results MCT treated rats exhibited profound PAH when examined 3 weeks after injection.In contrast, gavage administration of CPD1 led to significant decrease in the right ventricle systolic pressure ( RVSP) and right ventricular mass index (RVMI), as well as MCT-induced pulmonary arterial wall thinning and enlarged lumen, indicating that CPD1 inhibited the de- velopment of PAH.Cavage administration of CPD1 also reduced phenylephrine and endothelin-1-induced pulmonary artery contraction and aorta contraction in MCT-treated rats.Conclusions Treatment with CPD1 attenuates vascular reactivity, lessens vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and remodeling, and inhibits PAH via inhibition of non-voltage dependent Ca2∗ channels in normal and PAH rats.

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of CPD1, a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, on renal interstitial fibrosis after unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (UIRI). Male BALB/c mice were subjected to UIRI, and treated with CPD1 once daily (i.g, 5 mg/kg). Contralateral nephrectomy was performed on day 10 after UIRI, and the UIRI kidneys were harvested on day 11. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson trichrome and Sirius Red staining methods were used to observe the renal tissue structural lesions and fibrosis. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of proteins related to fibrosis. HE, Sirius Red and Masson trichrome staining showed that CPD1-treated UIRI mice had lower extent of tubular epithelial cell injury and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in renal interstitium compared with those in the fibrotic mouse kidneys. The results from immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay indicated significantly decreased protein expressions of type I collagen, fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) after CPD1 treatment. In addition, CPD1 dose-dependently inhibited the expression of ECM-related proteins induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in normal rat kidney interstitial fibroblasts (NRK-49F) and human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2). In summary, the novel PDE inhibitor, CPD1, displays strong protective effects against UIRI and fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β signaling pathway and regulating the balance between ECM synthesis and degradation through PAI-1.
Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Rats ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Fibrosis ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1