Background: Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a disease caused by the ingestion of poisonous coral reef fish. To the best of the author’s knowledge, no attempt has so far been made to consolidate available reports of outbreaks in order to characterize the toxidrome of CFP in the Philippines. Objective: To review and consolidate data from epidemiologically-documented CFP outbreaks in order to characterize the toxidrome of CFP in the Philippines and identify the areas of high risk for outbreaks. Methods: Epidemiologic reports of CFP outbreaks in the Philippines were reviewed. A compilation of symptoms of CFP patients was done to describe the toxidrome. High risk areas in the Philippines were identified. Results: Ten reports were retrieved related to 17 CFP outbreaks from 1988 to 2010. No epidemiologic reports were found after 2010. Consolidation of reported symptoms showed a CFP toxidrome with prominent paresthesia, muscle weakness, and myalgia with some gastrointestinal symptoms. Based on the reports, the high risk islands identified were Palawan, Panay, Romblon, the islands in the Cuyo Pass, and Basilan. Cases of CFP continue to be encountered but are not reported to public health epidemiologists. Conclusion When put together, the reports describe a CFP toxidrome where the neurologic symptoms predominate over the gastrointestinal symptoms. Most of the cases occurred in the west central and southern portion of the archipelago suggesting a higher risk for CFP in that area. Cases of what appear to be CFP continue to be diagnosed although they are not reported to government epidemiology units. More systematic surveillance of CFP by government agencies is needed.
Ciguatera Poisoning ; Philippines

Medical students need the basic skills and techniques in family counseling to holistically manage a family. E-learning as a mode of teaching family counseling was experienced by medical students due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a case series of ten medical students in a tertiary training hospital who described their thoughts and feelings about the e-learning platform used. A focused group discussion composed of seven students was conducted independently. The students’ perceptions on the use of e-learning were generally negative in nature. The volume of online learning materials to be studied and the poor-quality videos reflected the sudden shift to e-learning due to the pandemic. Limitations on the e-learning format resulted in the inability to recognize non-verbal gestures which was crucial in counseling. The poor internet connectivity within the students’ learning environment was a hindering factor as it prolonged the counseling. Positive perception was mainly due to the effectiveness of the instructor in teaching online family counseling. The adeptness in navigating online platforms and guidance to students during the demo-returndemo resulted in the achievement of the expected outcomes of the workshop. The high preference to face-to-face mode may be attributed to the number of negative perceptions by the students.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult: 19-24 Yrs Old ; Adult: 25-44 Yrs Old ; Students, Medical