No abstract available.
Acidosis, Respiratory* ; Alkalosis, Respiratory*

This cross-sectional study involved 339 students aged 12-15 at Sapa and Yen Binh regions. It measured and compared indexes such as vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1), and Tiffeneau index. Results: there weren’t significant differences between VC, FEV1 and Tiffeneau indexes of students in both sexes of 2 regions (p<0.05). There is a close correlation between VC and height of student (r>0.9), and between FEV1 and height (r>0.9)
Preventive Medicine ; Public Health ; Alkalosis, Respiratory

The objective was to compare the two procedures of treatment for hypocalcemia in acute respiratory alkalosis performed by rebreathing into a small paper bag with that of the IV calcium replacement therapy. 25 patients with clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia admitted to the Department of Emergency, Cho Ray Hospital were prospectively included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the time of day they visited the emergency department. Group I was treated by IV calcium replacement. Group II was treated rebreathing into a small paper bag without drug. In conclusion, group I had 3.80.8 minute and group II had 4.41.17 minute to disappear the manifestations of hypocalcemia. The average statistical test between these two groups in this study has shown that the two procedures were not different statistical significance
Alkalosis, Respiratory ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Hypocalcemia ; Therapeutics

Capnometer has been used in anesthesia for the evaluation of pulmonary ventilation because of its nonivasive and continuous monitoring advantges. We studied pulmonary ventilation effects with arterial blood gas parameter between normoventilation and hyperventilation with capnometric control during 1 hr duration. We devided two group. Control group was maintained PetCO2 38 mmHg and experimental group PetCO2 28 mmHg and four times arterial blood gas sample were done. The results were as follows. 1) Serum K+ concentration was decreased siginifcantly in hyperventilation group. 2) Arterial pH changes were observed respiratory alkalosis in experimental group and respiratory acidosis in control group. 3) (a-t)PCO2 differnce were increased in both group and especially control group with correlation of time duration. 4) No arrhythmia were detected in both group. We conclude that only capnometric control of pulmonary ventilation is not suffieient and it has to be combined periodic ABGS and resetting of ventilation mode.
Acidosis, Respiratory ; Alkalosis, Respiratory ; Anesthesia ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Hyperventilation* ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; Ventilation

Action of neuromuscular blocking agents are known to be largely affected by acid-base imbalance. In general, acidosis potentiates and alkalosis antagonizes the action of the neuromuscular blockers. To evaJuate the effects of acid-base imbalance on the neuromuscular actions of atracurium or vecuronium in 24 cats, we induced respiratory and metabolic acid-base imbalance and performed cumulative dose response studies. The results are as follows; 1) ED(50) and ED(95) of the atracurium was smaller in metabolic acidosis than those of respiratory and metabolic alkalosis. 2) ED(50) of vecuronium was not affected by acid-base imbalance in either agent. 3) Duration and recovery index were not affected by acid-base imbalance in either agent. 4) In atracurium group, serum potassium and calcium values during respiratory or metabolic alkalosis were smaller than those of control, but did not influence the neuromuscular action of atracurium. 5) Dose-response curve of the atracurium shifted to the right with metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis in order, but acid-base imbalance did not influence the dose-response curve of the vecuronium. In conclusion, the potency might be increased in respiratory and metabolic acidosis with atracurium, but not with vecuronium. However, action and recovery were not influenced by a experimental imbalance in either agent.
Acid-Base Imbalance ; Acidosis ; Acidosis, Respiratory ; Alkalosis ; Alkalosis, Respiratory ; Animals ; Atracurium* ; Calcium ; Cats ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Potassium ; Vecuronium Bromide*

It was obtained following results on changes of various constitutions in the blood of eleven patient who had massive blood transfusion ( average 14. 6 pints of ACD stored blood) in Seoul Natioeal University Hospital. I. It revealed no definite change of hemoglobin and hematocrit value in two days after massive blood transfusion. 2. Counts in platelets in two days after transfusion decreased from normal value to about I00, 000/mm3 except one case who had transfused 35 pints of bleod. 3. No hypearpotasaemia obser ved in two days after massive transfusion with usage of the blood warmer. 4. Temporary increase of blood glueose revealed with tendency of decrease to normal values in two days after massive transfusion. 5. The pattern of respiratory alkalosis revealed in two days after massive blood transfusion. It implies that the alkalizing agent is not recommended to inject routinely for the transfused patients without checking acid-base status. 6. It is highly recommended to check body temperature, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets and values in arterial blood gas and apply the blood warmer for cares in massive transfused patients.
Alkalosis, Respiratory ; Blood Transfusion* ; Body Temperature ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Reference Values ; Seoul

We define acute respiratory failure(ARF) as present whenever the ratio of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and inspired oxygen concentrarion(FiO2) is below the normal predicted range for the patient's age and/or the arterial carbon dioxide tension(PaCO2) is above 45 in the absence of respiratory compention for metabolic alkalosis. Adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) which is associated with shock, trauma, infection, inhalation of toxic gas, aspiration of gastric content and drugs etc, first received wide-spread attention in 1967. ARDS is a descriptive term that is characterized by a combination of refractory hypoxemia and severly decreased lung compliance. Numerous specific incidents or illnesses may be complicated by, or associated with ARDS. Early diagnosis and improvement in physiological therapy including PEEP therapy have been successful in treating the early and mild episodes of ARDS. This report describes three cases of ARF following anesthesia and reviews the literature.
Adult ; Alkalosis ; Anesthesia* ; Anoxia ; Carbon Dioxide ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Lung Compliance ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Shock

This study was attempted to observe the possible effects of open chest and the decubitus position on blood gas values during controlled ventilation. We used a volume-type ventilator to maintain regular tidal volume throughout the operation. A total of 51 cases which underwent open chest surgery between 1979 and 1981 in Department of Anesthesiology in Kyungpook National University Hospital were selected. PaO2, PaCO2, pH and MAP were measured at ten minutes after induction (control group), decubitus position (ducubitus group) and chest was opened(open chest group). The PaCO2 value in open chest and decubitus group revealed a tendency of elevation compared with the control group. The PaCO2 value in open chest revealed no remarkable change compared with the control group. The pH in open chest and decubitus group showed a tendency to increase compared with the control group. The MAP showed a tendency to decrease in open chest & decubitus groups and decreased gradually. From the above results, MAP showed a gradual decrease but the increase of pH and PaO2 suggested the inclination of respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation during volume controlled ventilation anesthesia.
Alkalosis, Respiratory ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesiology ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyperventilation ; Thorax* ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation* ; Ventilators, Mechanical

respiratory alkalosis associated with highly variable and impressive array of signs and symptoms. Typical features are tachypnea, paresthesia, carpopedal spasm, tetany, chest pain and dizziness. Rebreathing into a paper or vinyl bag will reverse the alkalosis-induced symptoms and help the patient calm down. We report hyperventilation syndrome associated with extraction of mandibular third molar and describe the physiology and treatment. Accidental displacement of mandibular third molars is rarely reported complication. Most common anatomic structures of dislodgement are submandibular space, lateral pharyngeal space and pterygomandibular space. This report describe an unusual case of two roots of mandibular third molar that were displaced into submandibular space.]]>
Alkalosis, Respiratory ; Chest Pain ; Dizziness ; Humans ; Hyperventilation ; Molar, Third ; Paresthesia ; Physiology ; Spasm ; Tachypnea ; Tetany

BACKGROUND: Patients with cardiac diseases who have structural defects in their heart bring about metabolic insult such as preoperative acid-base imbalance. Cardiac operation requires many nonphysiologic procedures such as extracorporeal circulation, hypothermia, and hemodilution. We studied the acid-base status of surgical heart diseases pre-operatively, during extracorporeal circulation, and post-operatively and researched the treatment indications of acid-base disturbances. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From January 1997 to May 1999, fifty two cases of open heart surgery were carried out under extracorporeal circulation, which divided into a set of pediatric and adult groups, congenital and acquired groups, non-cyanotic and cyanotic groups, The alpha-stat arterial blood gas analysis was done in each group during the preoperative period, during the operation with extracorporeal circulation, and during the postoperative period. RESULT: Before surgery, all patients present metabolic acidosis, PaO2 was low in adult group and acquired group and compensatory respiratory alkalosis was noted in cyanotic group. During extracorporeal circulation, adult group revealed alkalosis and normal in acquired group. Pediatric group presents low PaCO2, metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis. Congenital group and non-cyanotic group showed non-compensatory alkalosis trend and non-compensatory respiratory acidosis were observed in cyanotic group during extracorporeal circulation. Postoperative acid-base status of adult group was recovered to normal and the standard bicarbonate was increased in the acquired group. All of the pediatric, congenital non-cyanotic, and cyanotic groups revealed the lack of buffer base. CONCLUSION: In Preoperative period, correction of metabolic acidosis was required in pediatric, congenital and non-cyanotic groups, while treatment of metabolic acidosis and low PaCO2 were required in adult and acquired groups. In the cyanotic group, metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis needed to be corrected preoperatively. Using the extracorporeal circulation, minimal correction was required except acquired group which showed normal acid-base balance. In postoperative period, restriction of bicarbonate was required for acquired group while increase of buffer base was required for pediatric, congenital, non-cyanotic, and cyanotic groups.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Acid-Base Imbalance ; Acidosis ; Acidosis, Respiratory ; Adult ; Alkalosis ; Alkalosis, Respiratory ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Gases* ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Hemodilution ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Postoperative Period* ; Preoperative Period* ; Thoracic Surgery