Objective To compare the outcomes of standard laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (SLRP) and retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) via meta-analysis.Methods A systematic literature search of articles from January 1992 to April 2015 was conducted via Pubmed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and EMBASE databases,and the references of the retrieved articles.Fixed-or random-effect models were used to summarize the estimates to evaluate operation time,blood loss,transfusion,catheterization time,hospital stay,surgical margin status,perioperative complications,postoperative erectile dysfunction,and postoperative urinary incontinence in these two approaches.Results A total of 17 articles were included in this study.Compared with RRP group,the operation time was longer in SLRP group (SMD =1.20,95％ CI 0.83,1.58).On the contrary,the SLRP group held advantages in blood loss (SMD =-2.02,95％ CI -2.67,-1.37),transfusion (RR =0.22,95％ CI 0.16,0.30),catheterization time (SMD =-1.44,95 ％ CI-2.34,-0.54),hospital stay (SMD =-0.97,95 ％ CI-1.29,-0.66) (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,these two approaches showed no difference in surgical margin status (RR =0.94,95 ％ CI 0.84,1.05),perioperative complications (RR =0.78,95％ CI 0.60,1.02),postoperative erectile dysfunction (RR =1.13,95 ％ CI 0.97,1.31),and postoperative urinary incontinence (RR =0.85,95 ％ CI 0.57,1.28) (P ＞0.05).Conclusions Compared with RRP,SLRP could be a more suitable approach to treat localized prostate cancer.Random clinical trials are needed in the future to better evaluate these two approaches.

Objective To investigate the application of artificial neural network analysis on computerized transrectal ultrasound (ANNAcTRUS) in early detection of prostate cancer.Methods Sixty men with or without prior biopsies, either due to elevated PSA or abnormal digital rectal findings, were included in this study from January 2014 to July 2015.Patient's mean age was (65.6 ± 8.9) years (51-89 years).Their PSA level was (9.8 ± 4.9)μg/L.The patients received the ANNAcTRUS targeted 6-core biopsy.Each patient received six targeted biopsies of suspicious regions, which was identified by ANNAcTRUS online system.Histopathologic examination was further carried out to confirm the result of the targeted biopsies.Results According to the results of ANNAcTRUS,52 of 60 patients received biopsy in ANNAcTRUS group.ANNAcTRUS targeted 6-core biopsy was able to detect prostate cancer in 24 (46.2％) of 52 patients.The distribution of Gleason Score was as follows : 3 + 3 (n =9), 3 + 4 (n =8), 4 + 3 (n =4), 4 +4 (n =2) and 5 +4 (n =1).For patients without prior negative biopsy,ANNAcTRUS targeted 6-core biopsy was able to detect prostate cancer in 17 (51.5％) of 33 patients.Conclusions ANNAcTRUS targeted 6-core biopsy illustrates a higher detection rate of prostate cancer.Furthermore, ANNAcTRUS targeted 6-core biopsy tends to detect low-grade prostate cancer.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and safety of single-position robotic assisted laparoscopic anterograde bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 6 patients with penile cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age was (52.0±8.6)years old. The pathology was primary focal squamous cell carcinoma, with 2 cases of high differentiation, and 4 cases of medium differentiation. All the 6 patients underwent single-position robotic assisted laparoscopic anterograde bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy. Preoperative physical and imaging examinations indicated bilateral inguinal lymph node enlargement, and no distant metastasis was found in all of the 6 patients. The supine position was taken, with the head low and feet high about 15°, the legs straight and separated as far as possible in the shape of "Chinese eight" . The da Vinci robotic patient cart was placed between legs of the patient, after inserting the trocars. The external boundary of bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection was the line between the anterior superior iliac spine and 20 cm lower, the inner boundary was the pubic tubercle and its 15cm medial lower measurement, and the line between the inner boundary and the external lower edge was the lower boundary.Results:All the 6 operations were successfully completed without transfer to open surgery. Both sides of the inguinal lymph nodes were dissected at the same time. The space establishment and trocar insertion were performed simultaneously. There was no need for mobile robotic arm system during the operation. The average operative time was (105.0±20.5) min, and the amount of intraoperative blood loss was less than 50ml, the average hospital stay was(7±3) days. An average of(15.0±2.5) lymph nodes were dissected on each side. Intraoperative freezing suggested single positive lymph nodein 2 patients and no positive lymph node in 4 patients. There was no skin necrosis, 1 case of delayed wound healing, and 2 cases of lymphatic leakage. All patients were cured by conservative treatment. The 6 patients were followed up for 12-14 months, and there was no recurrence or metastasis.Conclusions:Single-position robotic assisted laparoscopic anterograde bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy can achieve the expected surgical outcome, and has fewer perioperative complications. The surgery is safe and effective.

Objective:To study the safety and efficacy of endoscopic combined intrarenal scopic surgery for complicated upper urinary calculi.Methods:The clinical data of 117 patients with complicated upper urinary calculi treated by simultaneous percutaneous nephroscopy combined with flexible ureteroscopy from March 2013 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 71 males and 46 females, aged 31-73 years, with an average age of 45 years old. There were 29 cases of multiple kidney and ureteral stones, 22 cases of staghorn stones, 19 cases of postoperative residual stones, 18 cases secondary to urinary diversion, 13 cases of ureteral stricture with stones after kidney transplantation/ureteroplasty/endoscopic lithotripsy, 10 cases of isolated kidney, and 6 cases of caliceal diverticular stones. The maximum diameters of calculi were 13-45 mm, with an average of 27 mm.Results:All operative procedures of 117 patients were successful by one session. The mean operation time was (91.6±10.2) min. All cases were treated with single-channel lithotripsy combined antegrade percutaneous nephroscopy with retrograde flexibl eureteroscopy. An abdominal X-ray (KUB) or non-contrast CT was taken 3 to 7 days after the operation. There was no serious bleeding or infection after the operation, and the first-stage stone-free rate was 87.2% (102/117).Conclusions:The strategy of simultaneous antero-retrograde endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery for complicated upper urinary calculi can improve the success rate and first-stage stone-free rate, and reduce the number of percutaneous renal channel leading to the increasing safety of operation. It is an effective means of endourological management of urolithiasis.