Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological stem cell cancer driven by BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. We review the previous and recent evidence on the significance of CML in diagnostic and clinic management. The technical monitoring of BCR-ABL1 with quantitative real time-PCR has been used in assessing patient outcome. The cytogenetic mark of CML is Philadelphia chromosome, that is formed by reciprocal chromosomal translocations between human chromosome 9 and 22, t(9:22) (q³⁴:q¹¹). It makes a BCR-ABL1 fusion protein with an anomaly tyrosine kinase activity that promotes the characteristic proliferation of progenitor cells in CML and acute lymphoblastic lymphoma. The targeting of BCR-ABL1 fusion kinase is the first novel paradigm of molecularly targeted curing.
Chromosomes, Human ; Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* ; Methods ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Phosphotransferases ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Stem Cells ; Translocation, Genetic