An intralenticular foreign body is a rare condition, but the prevalence is about 5% of all intraocular foreign bodies and it can result in serious complications. We managed them according to the size, location, material type and the risk of infection. This article reported a 51year-old patient with an intralenticular metal foreign body in the left eye, who underwent phacoemulsification lens extraction with removal of the intralenticular foreign body and insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. The visual outcome was good.

·Color blindness is a common disorder in human. Congenital color blindness is a trait of X-linked recessive inheritance. In our study, one thousand and six hundred female students were selected by randomized group sampling and tested by "Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates".Among this(0.63%) showed color vision deficiency; among these cases six girls (0.38%) had deuteranomaly and 4 girls (0.25%) had protanomaly.

·We report clinical manifestations,angiographic,and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of four cases with bilateral idiopathic cystoid rnacular edema (CME).All were male with age between 30 and 52 years.All of them had compliant of bilateral visual loss during the last week.Fundus examination of their eyes showed macular edema in the posterior pole bilaterally. Fluorescein angiography revealed no specific finding in one of them and "typical petaloid pattern" in others.OCT showed subretinal fluid in all of them.All patients were managed with diagnosis of idiopathic CME,and after 6 weeks they had improved visual acuity.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Iran and the world. Multiple environmental factors and genetic variations such as genetic polymorphisms are of its main causes. p53 gene plays an important role in conserving and sustaining the genome as a tumor suppressing gene. Change and polymorphism at codon 72 of p53 gene are correlated with increased risk of lung, mouth, endometrial, prostate, and colorectal cancers, and could be considered an indicator of susceptibility to breast cancer. METHODS: Twelve studies (1,190 cases and 1,145 control studies with evaluation of three types of Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro, and Pro/Pro genotypes) have been conducted using keywords, such as polymorphism at codon 72, gene p53 polymorphisms, and the relation between polymorphisms and breast cancer, from databases in Iran, including Magiran, Medlibe, Sid, and Iranmedex, as well as Latin databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus. RESULTS: The OR for Arg/Arg is 1.58 (95% CI: 2.45 to 1.01), the OR for Arg/Pro is 0.75 (95% CI: 1.10 to 0.51), and the OR for Pro/Pro is 0.62 (95% CI: 0.93 to 0.42). p53 gene polymorphism at codon 72 is statistically significant in Arg/Arg and Pro/Pro genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Arg/Arg genotype can be considered as a risk factor for breast cancer, and Pro/Pro genotype can be accounted for as a protective factor against breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Codon* ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Female ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genetic Variation ; Genome ; Genotype ; Humans ; Iran* ; Lung ; Mouth ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Prostate ; Protective Factors ; Risk Factors ; Sudden Infant Death

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors related to needle stick injuries (NSIs) and to assess related safety measures among a sample of Iranian nurses. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 168 registered active nurses was selected from different wards of one of the hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). Data were collected by an anonymous questionnaire and a checklist based observational method among the 168 registered active nurses. RESULTS: The prevalence of NSIs in the total of work experience and the last year was 76% and 54%, respectively. Hollow-bore needles were the most common devices involved in the injuries (85.5%). The majority of NSIs occurred in the morning shift (57.8%) and the most common activity leading to NSIs was recapping needles (41.4%). The rate of underreporting NSIs was 60.2% and the major reasons for not reporting the NSIs were heavy clinical schedule (46.7%) and perception of low risk of infection (37.7%). A statistically significant relationship was found between the occurrence of NSIs and sex, hours worked/week, and frequency of shifts/month. CONCLUSION: The study showed a high prevalence of NSIs among nurses. Supportive measures such as improving injection practices, modification of working schedule, planning training programs targeted at using personal protective equipment, and providing an adequate number of safety facilities such as puncture resistant disposal containers and engineered safe devices are essential for the effective prevention of NSI incidents among the studied nurses.
Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Appointments and Schedules ; Checklist ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Humans ; Iran* ; Needles* ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Prevalence ; Punctures

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a serious health-treated problem identified by disorders such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Irisin, a newly discovered myokine/adipokine, is involved in metabolic homeostasis. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential relationship between serum irisin with inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 62 participants (n=32 obese participants with diabetes, n=30 participants with normal weight). The participants answered a demographic questionnaire. Serum irisin, glycemic indices, lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured using standard methods. The difference between groups was assessed by independent-sample t-test or by a non-parametric equivalent. For qualitative variables, the Chi-Square test was used. Pearson rho coefficient was used to determine the potential relationship between irisin and inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles. A p<0.05 was defined as significant. Results: The median (IQR) age of the obese participants with diabetes was 54.0 years (52.2-60.7) and in the normal weight group was 38.0 years (30.0-47.2) (p<0.001). About 78% and 60% of participants in the obese with diabetes and the normal weight groups were females (p>0.05), respectively. Significant differences were observed in serum irisin levels between the two groups, with lower levels (218.74 ng/mL, [144.98-269.26]) noted in the obese with diabetes group compared to the normal weight group (266.68 ng/mL, [200.64-336.57]) with a p=0.024. There was a substantial difference between the two groups regarding IL-6, TNF-α, and hs-CRP (p<0.05). IL-6 had a moderate negative correlation with irisin in obese patients with T2DM (r=-0.478, p=0.006). Conclusion Irisin concentration was detected to be lower in obese people with diabetes. A negative relationship was detected between irisin and IL-6. Considering emerging evidence about the beneficial functions of irisin in improving metabolic abnormalities, designing future studies with greater sample sizes that will validate these results is needed.
inflammation ; obesity ; type 2 diabetes