It can be challenging to create a safe airway in maxilla facial fracture and some skull surgeries. In this case study, the patient experienced jaw fractures that disturbed the dental occlusion and associated fracture of the base of the skull. Neither nasal nor oral intubation was possible based on the side effects of tracheotomy; therefore, submental intubation was applied successfully. The procedure and results are presented in the text.
Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Jaw Fractures ; Maxilla ; Skull ; Tracheotomy

OBJECTIVES: Despite all the efforts and increased knowledge of rabies, the exact mechanisms of infection and mortality from the rabies virus are not well understood. To understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of rabies virus infection, it is crucial to study the tissue that the rabies virus naturally infects in humans. METHODS: Cerebellum brain tissue from 9 human post mortem cases from Iran, who had been infected with rabies virus, were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically to evaluate the innate immune responses against the rabies virus. RESULTS: Histopathological examination revealed inflammation of the infected cerebellum and immunohistochemical analyses showed an increased immunoreactivity of heat shock protein 70, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, caspase-3, caspase-9, toll-like receptor3 and toll-like receptor4 in the infected brain tissue. CONCLUSION: These results indicated the involvement of innate immunity in rabies infected human brain tissue, which may aggravate the progression of this deadly disease.
Brain ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 9 ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebellum ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-6 ; Iran ; Mortality ; Pathology ; Rabies virus ; Rabies ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Virulence

Introduction: Organizational commitment is manifested in the forms of taking pride in organization, enhanced motivation for engaging in organizational duties, staying at organization for a longer time and knowing organization as a valuable organization. So decreased organizational commitment among medical staff led researchers to investigate the organizational commitment of CCUs in Mazandaran Heart Center. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study carried out in teaching hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Heart Center. Allen and Meyer's organizational commitment questionnaire was used to collect data from 90 nurses selected by census from CCU nurses. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: Of studied cases, 19 (18.9%) were male and 73 (81.1%) were female with a mean age of 7.25±34.4. Among age, job experience and work hour variables, only age and job experience were considered to be significant. Conclusions: Supervisors and managers should promote nurses' organizational commitment through giving facilities and rewards.