The use of periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PCs) combined with bioresorbable materials is an attractive approach for tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to characterize the osteogenic differentiation of PC in 3-dimensional (3D) poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) fleeces cultured in medium containing allogeneic human serum. PCs were isolated and expanded in monolayer culture. Expanded cells of passage 3 were seeded into PLGA constructs and cultured in osteogenic medium for a maximum period of 28 d. Morphological, histological and cell viability analyses of three-dimensionally cultured PCs were performed to elucidate osseous synthesis and deposition of a calcified matrix. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of type I collagen, osteocalcin and osteonectin was semi-quantitively evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The fibrin gel immobilization technique provided homogeneous PCs distribution in 3D PLGA constructs. Live-dead staining indicated a high viability rate of PCs inside the PLGA scaffolds. Secreted nodules of neo-bone tissue formation and the presence of matrix mineralization were confirmed by positive von Kossa staining. The osteogenic differentiation of PCs was further demonstrated by the detection of type I collagen, osteocalcin and osteonectin gene expression. The results of this study support the concept that this tissue engineering method presents a promising method for creation of new bone in vivo.
Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Development ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; chemistry ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Statistical ; Osteogenesis ; Periosteum ; metabolism ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering

Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects* ; Myocarditis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Thrombosis/etiology* ; Vaccination