Despite the distinctive characteristics and remarkable efficacy, animal medicine is stenchy, which decreases the comp-liance of patients. At the moment, the research on the method for deodorizing animal medicines lags behind. To be specific, the components related to the odor and the basic properties transformation of the components are unclear and there is a lack of specific deodorizing method. This study aims to clarify the main components related to the stench of animal medicine, such as aldehydes, amines, trimethylamines and sulfur compounds, and their basic properties, and to explore their metabolism and transformation in vivo and in vitro, which is expected to serve as a reference for the research on deodorization of animal medicine and development of new techniques.
Animals ; Odorants ; Aldehydes

Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable organic carbon resource on earth. However, due to its complex structure, it must undergo a series of pretreatment processes before it can be efficiently utilized by microorganisms. The pretreatment process inevitably generates typical inhibitors such as furan aldehydes that seriously hinder the growth of microorganisms and the subsequent fermentation process. It is an important research field for bio-refining to recognize and clarify the furan aldehydes metabolic pathway of microorganisms and further develop microbial strains with strong tolerance and transformation ability towards these inhibitors. This article reviews the sources of furan aldehyde inhibitors, the inhibition mechanism of furan aldehydes on microorganisms, the furan aldehydes degradation pathways in microorganisms, and particularly focuses on the research progress of using biotechnological strategies to degrade furan aldehyde inhibitors. The main technical methods include traditional adaptive evolution engineering and metabolic engineering, and the emerging microbial co-cultivation systems as well as functional materials assisted microorganisms to remove furan aldehydes.
Aldehydes ; Fermentation ; Furans ; Lignin/metabolism*

Glutaraldehyde is a kind of volatile and irritating aldehyde organic compound, which belongs to high-efficiency disinfectant. It has a strong stimulating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes, respiratory tract and digestive tract, and skin causing denaturation, liquefaction and necrosis of mucous membrane proteins. This article analyzes the treatment process of a patient with high-concentration glutaraldehyde poisoning by oral and inhalation, and discusses the clinical manifestations and prognosis of high-concentration glutaraldehyde poisoning, so as to provide a basis for clinical treatment.
Administration, Inhalation ; Aldehydes ; Glutaral ; Humans ; Respiratory System

ω-transaminases are able to catalyze the reversible transfer of amino groups between diverse amino compounds (such as amino acids, alkyl amines, aromatic amines) and carbonyl compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones, ketoacids). ω-transaminases exhibit great application prospects in the field of chiral amine biosynthesis because of their desirable properties, such as wide range of substrates, high stereoselectivity, and mild catalytic conditions. It is therefore important for China to develop efficient, specific, and environment-friendly chiral amine production technologies with independent intellectual property rights, which is of great significance for the development of pharmaceutical, pesticide, and material industries. This review systematically summarizes the Chinese patents regarding ω-transaminase filed by Chinese institutions in the recent decade. The development of ω-transaminase resource, enzymatic property improvement by protein engineering, application in chiral amine synthesis, and development of production technologies are elaborated. This review will shed light on further basic and application studies of ω-transaminase.
Transaminases/genetics* ; Amino Acids ; China ; Aldehydes ; Amines

The treatment of corneal stroma by bifunctional aldehydes and bibasic aminoacids in order to make non-swelling corneas was performed with the corneas of rabbits and cocks. The non-swelling corneas were transplanted into rabbits, intra-lamellarly and lamellarly. Their clinical and histological examinations were given, below. 1) Intralamellar grafts. The group used the non-swelling corneas: No edema, opacity and vascularizations were observed. Mild inflammatory reactions were observed in the histological examinations. Control group: Typical immunologic reactions were observed, such as severe edema, opacities, and vascularization and heavy infiltration of eosinophils and small round cells. 2) Lamellar grafts. The group used the non-swelling corneas: No edema and vascularization were observed except mild opacity in the heterograft. Mild inflammatory reactions were observed in the histologic examination of the heterograft. Control group: No immunologic reactions were observed in homograft, while severe opacities and edema were observed in heterograft. Severe vascular engorgement and heavy infiltration of eosinophils and small round cells were observed in the histologic examination of heterograft.
Aldehydes ; Allografts ; Cornea* ; Corneal Stroma ; Edema ; Eosinophils ; Heterografts ; Rabbits ; Transplants

The treatment of corneal stroma by bifunctional aldehydes and bibasic aminoacids in order to make non-swelling corneas was performed with the corneas of rabbits and cocks. The non-swelling corneas were transplanted into rabbits, intra-lamellarly and lamellarly. Their clinical and histological examinations were given, below. 1) Intralamellar grafts. The group used the non-swelling corneas: No edema, opacity and vascularizations were observed. Mild inflammatory reactions were observed in the histological examinations. Control group: Typical immunologic reactions were observed, such as severe edema, opacities, and vascularization and heavy infiltration of eosinophils and small round cells. 2) Lamellar grafts. The group used the non-swelling corneas: No edema and vascularization were observed except mild opacity in the heterograft. Mild inflammatory reactions were observed in the histologic examination of the heterograft. Control group: No immunologic reactions were observed in homograft, while severe opacities and edema were observed in heterograft. Severe vascular engorgement and heavy infiltration of eosinophils and small round cells were observed in the histologic examination of heterograft.
Aldehydes ; Allografts ; Cornea* ; Corneal Stroma ; Edema ; Eosinophils ; Heterografts ; Rabbits ; Transplants

Pheropsophus jessoensis, bombardier beetle, when physically assaulted, produces diverse toxicants, often at high concentrations, including acids, aldehydes, phenols, and quinones. They can eject these fluids forcibly, in the form of sprays, at 100degrees C. In this way, it induces a chemical burn to their enemies, including humans. We experienced a man who got a chemical burn by a biological pulse jet from Pheropsophus jessoensis, which has not been reported in the Korean literature.
Aldehydes ; Beetles ; Burns, Chemical* ; Humans ; Phenol ; Phenols ; Quinones

Aldehydes ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA Adducts

Pigmented contact dermatitis denotes a kind of secondary hyperpigmentation resulting from recurrent contact dermatitis of low degree. Cinnamic aldehyde is a component of cinnamon,which is widely used in foods and fragrances. A 21 year-old girl presented with a well-defined dark brownish patch on right side of chest for 4 years. Histopathologic examination revealed epidermal spongiosis, hypermelanosis of basal layer, scattered melanophages and mild perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration in the upper dermis Patch test findings were positive to fragrance mix, cinnamic aldehyde and body shampoo which was used by the patient. Peroral challenge with cinnamon tea resulted in flare-up of the positive patch-test sites and the skin lesion.
Aldehydes* ; Cinnamomum zeylanicum ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Dermis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Patch Tests ; Skin ; Tea ; Thorax ; Young Adult

Air ; analysis ; Air Pollutants ; analysis ; Aldehydes ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods