Background: Use rationally alcohol has many benefits for health. Whereas, the abuse of alcohol can cause danger for both users and the community.\r\n', u'Objectives: To describe alcohol use among young people and the related factors. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study was conducted from March to September 2007 in 7 communes and towns under the demographic surveillance system at Chilinh district Haiduong province (CHILILAB). Quantitative survey data was collected in combination with qualitative data. \r\n', u'Results: The key findings showed that 43.8% of the young people age 10-24 have drunk alcohol (the rate for the specific age group 15-24 was 55.6%, of which 57.4% were male and 30.7% were female). Of this alcohol usage sample, 46.3% reported that they have been drunk. Also, 49.19 % of the respondents admitted have been drunk in the last 12 months. Respondents reported that 40.7% of them had family members who drank alcohol frequently. Older age group, higher educational level, better economic status was found to be associated with alcohol use. Also, those who had close friend who drink and those whose father drink frequently are statistically more likely to use alcohol. \r\n', u'Conclusions: Some preliminary recommendations were discussed, focusing on comprehensive intervention at family and community level, with strong focus on the role of the father and peers. \r\n', u'
Alcohol use ; related factors ; adolescent ; youth

Alcohol Deterrents ; therapeutic use ; Alcohol Drinking ; therapy ; Fatty Liver ; therapy ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; therapy ; Humans

BACKGROUND: We conducted a cross-sectional survey to determine the associated factors with successful smoking cessation, longer than 1 year, as compared with current smokers who had made at least one attempt to quit in the past and failed. METHODS: Smokers and ex-smokers were randomly selected by stratification at three levels (geographic location of home, age and sex). Among the subjects were 97 ex-smokers who had stopped smoking longer than 1 year and 71 current smokers, who had made at least one prior attempt to quit. Nicotine dependence and number of the smokers in the 5 closest friends were measured. RESULTS: A high Fagerstrom score (OR=0.784; CI 0.667~0.921) and the number of the smokers among their 5 closest friends (OR=0.681; CI 0.511~0.909) were significantly associated with a relapse in smoking adjusting confounding factors such as age, sex, alcohol consumption and so on. CONCLUSION: In Korean ex-smokers, lower nicotine dependence and the number of friends who smoked were associated factors in successful smoking cessation longer than 1 year.
Alcohol Drinking ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Friends ; Humans ; Korea* ; Recurrence ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Use Disorder

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relationship between depression, attachment and addiction problems in runaway youths. METHODS: We sent a questionnaire package to 187 runaway youths in 18 adolescent shelters. The questionnaire package collected their sociodemographic data and included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Inventory of Parent Attachment (IPA), Korean Internet Addiction Self-Scale (K-Scale), Korean version of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and Korean version of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. RESULTS: The percentage of youth with depression was 28.8% (N=54). In the depression group, there were significantly more problematic alcohol users (53.06%, p=.0199) and significantly lower IPA scores (p=.0064). There was a significant negative correlation between depression and a IPA, and significant positive correlation between depression and the K-Scale. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that runaway youths with depression have more problematic alcohol drinking and attachment problems.
Adolescent* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Child ; Depression* ; Homeless Youth* ; Humans ; Internet ; Parents ; Tobacco Use Disorder

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and adverse reaction of nasal packing materials Rapid Rhino and Merocel. METHOD: We searched the database PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WANFANG database on line by computer, and traced the related references. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of rapid rhino and merocel as nasal packing materials were included. The quality of the included documents was evaluated by the criterion of Cochrane handbook 5.1. The cochrane collaboration's Revman 5.1 software was used for data analysis. RESULT: Four RCTs involving 115 patients were identified. Meta-analyses showed that Rapid Rhino produced significantly lower pain and discomfort during insert of pack [MD = 1.37, 95% CI (0.13, 2.60), P < 0.05], whereas less pain and discomfort during removal of pack [MD = 2.88, 95% CI (2.34, 3.41), P < 0.01]. Rapid Rhino associated with a significantly slighter degree of fullness raised after insertion [MD = 1.15, 95% CI (0.75, 1.55), P < 0.01, and the same situation happened after 6 hours [MD = 1.15, 95% CI (0.75, 1.55), P < 0.01]. Rapid rhino caused to less reactionary bleeding when pack removal [MD = 0.26, 95% CI (0.12, 0.39), P < 0.01], rapid rhino was easier for the healthcare worker during insert and removal. There was no significant difference between two packs on the efficiency of hemostatic [OR = 1.00, 95% CI (0.38, 2.61), P > 0.05]. CONCLUSION The application of Rapid Rhino caused less pain and fullness, leaded to slighter bleed than Merocel when insertion and removal. There was no significant difference between two packs on the efficiency of hemostatic when used for epistaxis or after routine nasal surgery.
Bandages ; Epistaxis ; surgery ; Formaldehyde ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Tampons, Surgical ; Treatment Outcome

Alcoholism is becoming one of the most serious issues in Korea. The purpose of this review article was to understand the present status of the treatment system for alcoholism in Korea compared to the United States and to suggest its developmental direction in Korea. Current modalities of alcoholism treatment in Korea including withdrawal treatment, pharmacotherapy, and psychosocial treatment are available according to Korean evidence-based treatment guidelines. Benzodiazepines and supportive care including vitamin and nutritional support are mainly used to treat alcohol withdrawal in Korea. Naltrexone and acamprosate are the drugs of first choice to treat chronic alcoholism. Psychosocial treatment methods such as individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, family therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, cue exposure therapy, 12-step facilitation therapy, self-help group therapy, and community-based treatment have been carried out to treat chronic alcoholism in Korea. However, current alcohol treatment system in Korea is not integrative compared to that in the United States. To establish the treatment system, it is important to set up an independent governmental administration on alcohol abuse, to secure experts on alcoholism, and to conduct outpatient alcoholism treatment programs and facilities in an open system including some form of continuing care.
Alcohol Deterrents/*therapeutic use ; Alcoholism/economics/prevention & control/*therapy ; Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Naltrexone/therapeutic use ; *Psychotherapy ; Republic of Korea ; Taurine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use

BACKGROUND: Recently, a variety of cigarettes which contain a low content of nicotine are on the market and the nicotine tends to be reduced continuously. However, studies have not yet fully demonstrated that low-nicotine cigarettes are subservient to quitting smoking. This study was designed to investigate the effects of the nicotine content on smoking attitudes and on the factors associated with successful smoking cessation. METHODS: One hundred twenty-five adult smokers, who had undergone a health examination in a general hospital, had their carbon monoxide measured after responding to the questionnaire. The items of questionnaire consisted of the duration of smoking, the age of starting to smoke, the number of attempts to stop smoking, recognition of nicotine dependence, and nicotine dependence score. RESULTS: The subjects consisted of two groups. One group was low nicotine group and the nicotine content was lower than 0.35 mg per cigarette. The other group was high nicotine group and the nicotine content was over 0.35 mg per cigarette. he age was younger and duration of smoking was shorter in low nicotine group. Monthly income, last schooling and number of attempts to stop smoking were higher in low nicotine group. There was no statistical significant differences between the two groups in the frequency of alcohol drinking, the age of starting to smoke, marital status, nicotine dependence, carbon monoxide concentration and recognition of nicotine dependence. CONCLUSION: As there was no differences in smoking habits which has infl uence on achieving quit smoking of low nicotine group, we made our conclusion that low nicotine cigarette might be unhelpful in quit smoking.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Carbon Monoxide ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Nicotine ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Smoking Cessation ; Tobacco Products ; Tobacco Use Disorder

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the spiritual well-being on social nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption, use of internet and gambling among medical students (n=271). METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 271 medical students using self-administered questionnaires including the spiritual well-being scale, KTSND score, the alcohol use disorder identification test, the internet addiction test, and the Canadian problem gambling index (Korean Version). RESULTS: There were significant negative relationships between spiritual well being and addictive behaviors such as social nicotine dependence (r=-0.160, P<0.05), alcohol consumption (r=-0.357, P<0.001), internet overuse (r=-0.156, P<0.01). High social nicotine dependence was related with high alcohol consumption (r=0.317, P<0.01), as well as internet overuse with gambling (r=0.165, P<0.01). Spiritual well being on was significantly related to alcohol consumption (beta=-0.244, P<0.01) and use of internet (beta=-0.136, P<0.01). This suggests the higher spiritual well being score the student has, the lower possibility of alcohol or internet overuse he or she tends to have. On the other hand, the impact of spiritual well being on social nicotine dependence or gambling were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The milestone of the current study is to provide the importance of better understanding of spiritual background of an individual, and to address the necessity of its holistic approach. Moreover, new spiritual counseling model and its healing program should be developed and validated before application.
Alcohol Drinking* ; Behavior, Addictive ; Counseling ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Gambling* ; Hand ; Humans ; Internet* ; Nicotine* ; Students, Medical* ; Tobacco Use Disorder*

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effects of smoking on alcohol cravings in alcoholdependent individuals. METHODS: Study participants were 123 male smokers, 18 to 65 years of age, diagnosed with alcohol dependence. The study questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, alcohol drinking habits, smoking habits, the Korean Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), the 12-item Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (12-item TCQ), and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). We divided the subjects into high-OCDS score and low-OCDS score groups. RESULTS: The high-OCDS group had a higher alcohol drinking frequency and greater average amount of alcohol consumed than did the low-OCDS group. Also, the high-OCDS group smoked a higher average number of cigarettes per day and had higher 12-item TCQ scores and FTND scores. Logistic regression analysis showed scores of the 12-item TCQ and the FTND were the most significant variables for predicting alcohol cravings. CONCLUSION: This study shows that alcohol cravings are significantly related to cigarette cravings and to severity of nicotine dependence.
Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholism ; Drinking ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nicotine ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Products ; Tobacco Use Disorder

No abstract available.
Alcohol Drinking ; Antacids/therapeutic use ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Esophagitis, Peptic/complications/*diagnosis ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors